scholarly journals The possibilities of the highlands in optimizing the condition of athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Timushkin ◽  
◽  
Andrey V. Popov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Motor Mode

The objective of the research is to study the influence of restorative motor mode at the high altitude on functional condition of the sportsmen body during their stay in the mountains and the subsequent readaptation period. Materials and methods. Ten male sportsmen, whose specialization was medium and long-distance running took part in the research. The research was conducted in Bishkek during the 3-week stay in highlands (2350 m) and after their return to the foothills. During their stay in the mountains the sportsmen followed a specific motional mode in the form of outdoor activities. At the high altitude (2nd, 7th, 12th and 22nd days) and during the readaptation period (5th–6th and 18th–19st days) the condition of the respiratory function, cardio respiratory system and the maximum level of oxygen intake of sportsmen were evaluated. Results. During their stay in the mountains the increase of external expiration reserves and optimization of cardiovascular activity were observed. The level of maximum oxygen consumption after a decrease increased during the period of readaptation by 9,8% (P < 0,05). Conclusions. Outdoor activities at the high altitude conditions allow you to preserve and expand the functional reserves of the body of sportsmen during the transient period of the oneyear training macrocycle.

scholarly journals Running for Success: Marathon Boom and Middle-Class Bodies in Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-463
Author(s):  
Toomas Gross
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Consumption Practices

Since the turn of the millennium, the number of Estonians running at least one marathon a year has grown nearly twentyfold. This paper links the marathon boom in Estonia to novel ideas about the “good life” among a subset of the country’s middle class, also situating the phenomenon in the broader context of post-1991 socio-economic changes. Drawing on fifty narrative interviews with recreational runners and a content analysis of various runners’ blogs, the article pays special attention to “runners’ bodies.” Recreational marathoners consciously put their bodies at the service of their “selves” by submitting the body to regular physical strain, which fits with their distinctively middle-class ideals of self-discipline, motivation, diligence, and perseverance. But runners’ bodies are also “bodies for others”—they not only encapsulate but also display these ideals. Approaching runners’ bodies as “bodies for selves” and as “bodies for others,” the article makes two arguments. Firstly, a fit body as physical capital and the “purposeful suffering” that long-distance running almost inevitably leads to have recently shifted to the core of living a “good life” in the case of growing numbers of the Estonian middle class. Secondly, the “others” for middle-class runners’ bodies are first and foremost the sedentary and generally overweight bodies of their own class. For a subset of the Estonian middle class, a slim and fit running body, in combination with changed consumption practices and reference groups, serves to distinguish themselves from the generalised idea of a middle-class person in today’s Estonia.

Body image and quality of life for middle-age men practicing long-distance running

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Paula Wesołowska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Long Distance Running

Physical activity is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle, regardless of an individual human’s stage of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between long-distance running and body image,as well as quality of life amongmiddle-aged Polish men practicing long distance-running. Furthermore, the study was aimed at comparing their group in terms of the above variables with the group of men not undertaking physical activity. The study was conducted in 2018 among 220 men. The research tool consisted of: an original personal survey, the Body Scale Image and the Shortened Version of the WHOQOL-BREF (The World Health Organization Quality of Life) Survey. It has been shown that practicing physical activity aff ects the perception of one’s body among men in the middle of adulthood, while its impact on the sense of quality of life has not been confi rmed. It has been proven that men who practice long-distance running diff er signifi cantly in the perception of their own body from men not performing any physical activity.

Physiological characteristics of the best Eritrean runners—exceptional running economy

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lucia ◽  
Jonathan Esteve-Lanao ◽  
Jesús Oliván ◽  
Félix Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Alejandro F. San Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
East African ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Endurance Runners

Despite their young age, limited training history, and lack of running tradition compared with other East African endurance athletes (e.g., Kenyans and Ethiopians), male endurance runners from Eritrea have recently attained important running successes. The purposes of our study were (i) to document the main physical and physiological characteristics of elite black Eritrean distance runners (n = 7; age: 22 ± 3 years) and (ii) to compare them with those of their elite white Spanish counterparts. For this second purpose we selected a control group of elite Spanish runners (n = 9; 24 ± 2 years), owing to the traditionally high success of Spanish athletes in long-distance running compared with other white runners, especially in cross-country competitions. The subjects’ main anthropometric characteristics were determined, together with their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and VO2 (mL·kg–1·min–1), blood lactate, and ammonia concentrations while running at 17, 19, or 21 km·h–1. The body mass index (18.9 ± 1.5 kg·m–2) and maximal calf circumference (30.9 ± 1.5 cm) was lower in Eritreans than in Spaniards (20.5 ± 1.7 kg·m–2 and 33.9 ± 2.0 cm, respectively) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and their lower leg (shank) length was longer (44.1 ± 3.0 cm vs. 40.6 ± 2.7 cm, respectively) (p < 0.05). VO2 max did not differ significantly between Eritreans and Spaniards (73.8 ± 5.6 mL·kg–1·min–1 vs. 77.8 ± 5.7 mL·kg–1·min–1, respectively), whereas the VO2 cost of running was lower (p < 0.01) in the former (e.g., 65.9 ± 6.8 mL·kg–1·min–1 vs. 74.8  ± 5.0 mL·kg–1·min–1 when running at 21 km·h–1). Our data suggest that the excellent running economy of Eritreans is associated, at least partly, with anthropometric variables. Comparison of their submaximal running cost with other published data suggests that superior running economy, rather than enhanced aerobic capacity, may be the common denominator in the success of black endurance runners of East African origin.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BMI VALUE ON MIDDLE AND LONG DISTANCE RUNNING OF URBAN AND RURAL MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOUTHWEST CHINA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNPENG ZHAO ◽  
LIAOKUN YE ◽  
CHAOHU HE
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
School Students ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Distance Running Performance

Abstract. BMI is an important index used to evaluate human health status and degree of obesity in the world. The body mass index of middle school students affects the future national health level of our country. With the progress of the country and society, the health of the youth is the “health” of the motherland. In this paper, by sampling the physical index data of some urban and rural middle schools in Yunnan Province, the influence degree of BMI value on middle and long-distance running performance was analyzed by using relevant mathematical statistical methods. According to the data analysis, the influence coefficient is obtained. The BMI value is in the healthy range, and the middle and long distance running performance will be better accordingly. Obese and thin students do worse in middle and long distance running.

Popliteal entrapment syndrome and age

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schweizer ◽  
Hügli ◽  
Koella ◽  
Jeanneret
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

On the occasion of diagnosing a popliteal entrapment syndrome in a 59-year old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, who developed acute ischemic leg pain during long distance running, we give an overview on this entity with emphasis on patients’age. The different types of the popliteal artery compression syndrome are summarized. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The most important clinical sign of a popliteal entrapment syndrome is the lack of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with limited walking distance. Not only in young athletes but also in patients more than 50 years old the popliteal entrapment syndrome has to be taken into account.

Mutual Influence Study of Food Acids and Polysaccharides of Different Nature on the Sensory Perception of Low-Calorie Sweet Dishes

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Minnikhanova ◽  
Nataliya Zavorokhina ◽  
Anna Gilina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The inclusion of polysaccharide thickeners in the recipes of sweet dishes increases the functional reserves of the body, contributes to the preservation of health and the prevention of diseases. The purpose of the research is to study the sensory characteristics of polysaccharides of various nature when combined with food acids, to develop a recipe for a basic mixture of low-calorie meals for public catering. The authors analyzed citric, lactic and succinic acids in combinations with polysaccharides of various nature. Organoleptic tests were evaluated by a touch panel. The organization of the tasting analysis corresponded to GOST ISO 6658-2016; the consistency was determined according to GOST 31986-2012, GOST ISO 11036-2017, GOST ISO 8588-2011. The optimal organoleptic combinations of the presented food acids and complex additives of sweeteners (CDP) were identified, which included aspartame, sodium saccharinate, Sucralose, sweetness coefficient – 340: the mixture with citric acid had a long pleasant aftertaste without foreign tastes and the best taste characteristics. Using the “A-not A” method, we found that the sample with the addition of CDP is identical to the sucrose solution. In the second part of the study, polysaccharides were added to model samples of acids with complex sweeteners; the best sensory characteristics were obtained by model samples consisting of a mixture of low-esterified Apple pectin with lactic acid and KDP. The technology of obtaining a stable elastic jelly using low-esterified Apple pectin has been developed, since the complex mixture of sweeteners and food acids does not have a dehydrating effect. Developed a dry mix recipe that can serve as a basic development, low-calorie sweet products for catering and has a variance of use of lactic and succinic acids, depending on the flavor characteristics of the raw materials used and its corrective ability.

scholarly journals Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Pall
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Voltage Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mm Waves

Abstract Millimeter wave (MM-wave) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are predicted to not produce penetrating effects in the body. The electric but not magnetic part of MM-EMFs are almost completely absorbed within the outer 1 mm of the body. Rodents are reported to have penetrating MM-wave impacts on the brain, the myocardium, liver, kidney and bone marrow. MM-waves produce electromagnetic sensitivity-like changes in rodent, frog and skate tissues. In humans, MM-waves have penetrating effects including impacts on the brain, producing EEG changes and other neurological/neuropsychiatric changes, increases in apparent electromagnetic hypersensitivity and produce changes on ulcers and cardiac activity. This review focuses on several issues required to understand penetrating effects of MM-waves and microwaves: 1. Electronically generated EMFs are coherent, producing much higher electrical and magnetic forces then do natural incoherent EMFs. 2. The fixed relationship between electrical and magnetic fields found in EMFs in a vacuum or highly permeable medium such as air, predicted by Maxwell’s equations, breaks down in other materials. Specifically, MM-wave electrical fields are almost completely absorbed in the outer 1 mm of the body due to the high dielectric constant of biological aqueous phases. However, the magnetic fields are very highly penetrating. 3. Time-varying magnetic fields have central roles in producing highly penetrating effects. The primary mechanism of EMF action is voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation with the EMFs acting via their forces on the voltage sensor, rather than by depolarization of the plasma membrane. Two distinct mechanisms, an indirect and a direct mechanism, are consistent with and predicted by the physics, to explain penetrating MM-wave VGCC activation via the voltage sensor. Time-varying coherent magnetic fields, as predicted by the Maxwell–Faraday version of Faraday’s law of induction, can put forces on ions dissolved in aqueous phases deep within the body, regenerating coherent electric fields which activate the VGCC voltage sensor. In addition, time-varying magnetic fields can directly put forces on the 20 charges in the VGCC voltage sensor. There are three very important findings here which are rarely recognized in the EMF scientific literature: coherence of electronically generated EMFs; the key role of time-varying magnetic fields in generating highly penetrating effects; the key role of both modulating and pure EMF pulses in greatly increasing very short term high level time-variation of magnetic and electric fields. It is probable that genuine safety guidelines must keep nanosecond timescale-variation of coherent electric and magnetic fields below some maximum level in order to produce genuine safety. These findings have important implications with regard to 5G radiation.

Analysis of the body gas exchange indicators in high-altitude flight on the basis of the static model of the respiratory system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Matyushev ◽  
M. V. Dvornikov ◽  
S. P. Ryzhenkov ◽  
M. A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Static Model ◽  
The Body
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