Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation and Tillage Practices on Fodder Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjun . ◽  
Hardev Ram ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Magan Singh ◽  
R. K. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Available N ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
N Management ◽  
Plot Design

Background: Agriculture and its allied sectors is an important sector in employment, income and food security. The increasing demands for food grains and cash crops, the area under fodder crops has been static since last 3-4 decades (8.4 mha) resulted into a net deficit in dry and green fodder is around 10 and 35%, respectively making livestock rearing more challenging. Conventional agriculture has largelybeen characterized by conventional tillage which caused soil degradation and negative impacts on soil physical and biological activity. To mitigate these negative effects, resource conservation technologies (RCTs) was tested and adopted to save substantial quantity of irrigation water, reducing the cost of cultivation, timely sowing, improve input use efficiency and left indirect effect on mitigating the adverse effect of climate changes. Biological N2 fixation (BNF) can make plants self-sustaining for N nutrition and avoiding the need for mineral N fertilization. The current study aimed enhancing fodder production by adoption of modern tillage practices and efficient N management. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during 2017-18, experiment was laid out in the split plot design consisting of three tillage practices zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and raised bed (RB) and six N management viz., N0, N75, N75+Rhizo, N100, N100+Rhizo and N125%. The soil of the experimental field was clay loam in texture having pH 7.30, EC; 0.35 dS/m, medium in organic carbon (0.63%), low in nitrogen (188.48 kg/ha), medium in phosphorus (23.56 kg/ha) and potassium (271.12 kg/ha). The recommended dose of fertilizer and other cultural practices was applied as per treatments with standard process. The crop was harvested at 60 days after sowing and weighed for green fodder yield. The observations growth, yields and quality parameters was recorded as per the standard method. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance in split plot design. Result: ZT practices significantly improved growth attributes, fodder yield and available nitrogen. Higher fodder yield of cowpea was recorded with ZT as compared to CT and it was statistically similar in RB. The nitrogen management practices had significant effect on root length and root nodules, plant growth attributes, fodder yield and available N, P and K. The significant fodder yield was increase with successive increase of N application up to 75% N + rhizobium, over 0 and 75% N alone. The present work shows that adoption of ZT and inoculation of rhizobia had significantly improved soil health and stabilized fodder yield of cowpea besides decrease fertilizer nitrogen requirement in the irrigated agro-ecosystem of T-IGP.

Productivity and Profitability of Fodder Cowpea Cultivars under Various Zinc Management Practices in IGP of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha . ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Hardev Ram ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Available N ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield

Background: Soils of North-Western Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) are deficient in zinc content which may lead to lower forage yield of cowpea. Henceforth, the adequate supply of zinc either through soil or foliar spray and selection of suitable cultivar of cowpea could enhance the fodder productivity.Methods: A field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design during Kharif season, 2019 to assess the effect of different zinc management practices (control; 10 kg ZnSO4; 20 kg ZnSO4; 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at 20 DAS; 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS) on productivity and profitability of cowpea cultivars (C-152; MFC-08-14; MFC-09-1) and post-harvest fertility status of soil.Result: Cowpea cv. C-152 showed the highest growth attributes, green fodder yield, nutrient content as well as uptake and net returns. Among different zinc management practices, the application of 20 kg ZnSO4 as basal application or 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS recorded significantly highest growth, green fodder yield, nutrient content as well as uptake and net returns. Significantly highest soil OC, available N, K and Zn were also noted under these treatments. It is inferred that cowpea cv. C-152 and application of either 20 kg ZnSO4 as basal or 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS were found the most productive and profitable approach and sustained the soil fertility status.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage and Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat under Maize – Wheat Cropping Systems in Haryana, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kavita . ◽  
V. S. Hooda ◽  
Rajbir Garg ◽  
Kavinder .
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Plot Design

An ongoing field experiment established in 2012 at Agronomy Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India was selected to evaluated the effect of three tillage practices (zero tillage, furrow irrigated raised bed system and conventional tillage with mouldboard plow ) and four weed management practices (W1: Atrazine (50% W.P.) at750 g/ha in maize and pinoxaden 50 g/ha + premix of metsulfuron and carfentrazone (Ally Express 50% DF) 25 g/ha + 0.2% NIS as post-emergence in wheat, W2: Tembotrione (Laudis 42% Sc @ 120 g/ha + S 1000 ml/ha (10-15 days/ 2-4 leaf stage) in maize and clodinafop 60 g/ha + metsulfuron 4 g/ha as post- emergence in wheat, W3: Two HW in maize (20 to 40 days) and wheat (30 to 50 days), W4: Weedy check in maize and wheat) on nutrient uptake and yield of wheat. Treatment was replicated thrice with spilt plot design. Plant samples were collected in the month of April, 2016 after the harvesting of wheat. Significantly higher yield of wheat was reported under FIRBS (66.1 qha-1) followed by zero tillage and under weedy check treatment as compared to other under different tillage and weed management practices. These results suggest that zero tillage and FIRBS along with the weedy check treatment results in higher wheat yield followed by maize.

scholarly journals Effect of combined use of tillage and nutrient management practices on soil quality indicators and indices under maize (Zea mays) based cropping system in rainfed inceptisols

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-348
Author(s):  
K.L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Available N ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Combined Use

An experiment was conducted in the rainfed Inceptisols of Rakhdhiansar in Kandi areas of Western Himalayas of South Kashmir and Kumaon, India for four years to assess the influence of combined use of tillage and nutrient management treatments on soil quality under maize based cropping system. The experiment was initiated in a split plot design with three main and three sub-treatments using maize (Kanchan-510) as the test crop. The main experimental treatments were: T1: Conventional Tillage (CT) +Two Intercultures (Two IC), T2: Low Tillage (LT) +Two Intercultures (Two IC) and T3: Low Tillage (LT) + Weedicide + One Interculture (One IC). The three sub treatments were, T1: 100% N through organic sources (compost), T2: 50% N through organic sources + 50% N through inorganic sources and T3: 100% N through inorganic sources. The results of the present study clearly revealed that the tillage treatments did not significantly influence most of the soil quality parameters except available S, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and Mean weight Diameter of Soil Aggregates (MWD). When averaged over nutrient levels, among the tillage practices, conventional tillage + Two IC recorded the highest available S of 20.87 kg ha-1. However, sub-sub treatments viz nutrient management significantly influenced the organic carbon (OC), available N, P S and boron, dehyrogenase assay (DHA), labile carbon (LC), bulk density (BD) and MWD. When averaged over tillage levels, the application of nutrients through inorganic sources recorded significantly highest available N (160.50 kg ha-1), P (30.67 kg ha-1) and K (207.87 kg ha-1 in soil. Finally, in terms of Relative Soil Quality Indices (RSQI), Low tillage + Two IC (0.87) and Low tillage + Weedicide + One IC (0.89) proved superior compared to Conventional Tillage + 2 IC (0.82). Similarly, when averaged over tillage levels, the order of performance of nutrient management treatments was:100% N through organic sources (0.93) > 50% N through organic sources + 50 % N through inorganic sources (0.84) > 100% N through inorganic sources (0.82). Though the interactions between tillage levels and nutrient management were not significant, but the combination of Low tillage practices with 100 % organic Source of nutrients was quite superior in maintaining relatively higher RSQI. Thus, the results of the present study and methodology used will be highly useful to different stake holders associated withland and soil quality management

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Herbicides on Most Tenacious Weed Cyperus rotundus in Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Kairovin Lakra
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl ◽  
Plot Design

To manage the Cyperus rotundus (Purple nut sedge.) is a troublesome, economically damaging weed, widely naturalized in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A field experiment was done at Students Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P).The study was conducted to investigate the competitive effects of C. rotundus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under varying irrigation regimes and herbicides in field conditions at Kanpur during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 in a split plot design.  The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four irrigation schedule viz. irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and  irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I4) were assigned to main plots and weed management practices viz. W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, W3-sulfosulfuron @25 g/ha , W4- pendimethalin (pre emergence) fbWCPL-15(clodinafop- propargyl 15 %) @400 g/ha , W5- carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG @ 100 g/ha , W6- halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5% @ 75 g/ha , W7- halauxafen - methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr @  and W8- clodinafop- propargyl 15% + metsulfuron 1% @ 400 g/ha  were allocated to sub plots. Application of two irrigations at CRI and active tillering stage (I1) significantly reduced the density of C. rotundus and their fresh and dry weight with highest weed control efficiency (WCE) over irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4), irrigation at CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2). However, maximum yield was recorded with the application of five irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4). Among herbicidal treatments, lowest density, fresh and dry weight of C. rotundus with  the highest WCE resulted in higher  yield of wheat was recorded with the application of carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG as post emergence (35 DAS) at 100 g/ha as compared to other treatments. However, none of the herbicidal treatments as effective as hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Production for 12-, 18-, and 24-Month Cycles Under Conditions in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-127
Author(s):  
S. Alers-Alers ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
R. Gandía Caro
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Plot Design

The data presented in this paper are from field experiments conducted at Corozal and Barceloneta following a split plot design where sugarcane cropping cycles or age at harvest (12-, 18-, and 24-month) were the main plots and varieties were the subplots. The varieties studied were: P.R. 1028, P.R. 1016, P.R. 1013, P.R. 980, P.R. 975 and B. 4362. Six replications were used. Statistical analyses of the data revealed that under the conditions prevailing in Puerto Rico, with the sugarcane varieties now available, and under typical current soil and crop management practices, 12- and 18-month canes are more efficient sugar producers than 24-month cane. More cane tonnage and more total sugar per acre per month were obtained during the short cycles than during the 24-month cycle.

Effects of management on soil organic carbon and structural stability in olive grove toposequences in Mediterranean areas.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel González-Rosado ◽  
Jesús Aguilera Huertas ◽  
Beatriz Lozano-García ◽  
Luis Parras-Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils has been defined as a positive strategy to mitigate the climate change effects. To implement this strategy, it is necessary to reduce the soil physical disturbances that encourage its degradation. It is therefore essential to analyze the consequences that conventional tillage practices have on agrosystems as a first step towards developing sustainable management practices that are in line with strategies to combat climate change. In order to evaluate the conventional tillage impact in olive groves, a toposequence was carried out where three profiles of 50 cm depth each were opened in three topographical positions: summit, backslope and toeslope. The physical and chemical soil properties were analyzed, including soil organic carbon (SOC) and mean weight diameter (MWD) of the aggregates, which showed a plot scale low SOC levels and low MWD being subject to erosive processes which negatively impacts on its SOC storage capacity.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of productivity and resource use efficiency of rice under different establishment methods and nutrient management in Chitwan condition, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Chandika Lama ◽  
Santosh Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management

A field experiment was conducted in sub humid climate of inner terai of Nepal to determine the productivity and economics of rice under direct seeded and transplanted methods under different nutrient management in strip plot design with three replications in 2013, rainy season. The treatment consisted of three tillage methods, conventional tillage direct seeded rice, unpuddled transplanted rice and Puddled transplanted rice and five nutrient management practices Recommended Nitrogen(N), Phosphorous(P) and Potassium(K), 100:30:30 Kg NPK ha-1; Leaf color chart based N + Recommended PK; Farmers’ Practice, 48.30:34.50:0.00 Kg NPK ha-1; 0N + Recommended PK and 150% of Recommended NPK. The result revealed that grain and straw yield were not significant due to crop establishment methods. LCC based N application yield was comparable with 150% of Rec. NPK and Rec. NPK. Saving N on LCC based N management with 41.56 Kg ha-1 and 9.44 Kg N ha-1 over 150% of recommended NPK recommended NPK respectively. Adoption of CT-DSR reduced the total cost of cultivation by 30.13% and B:C ratio by 45.95% over P-TPR. The lower cost, higher benefit and the same production, revealed that LCC based N management under CT-DSR was the best management practices over the conventional P-TPR.

scholarly journals Effect of mulching practices on growth and yield of forage crops under rainfed ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Himangshu Das ◽  
Champak Kumar Kundu ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Sahuji Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Pintoo Bandopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Growth Attributes

There had been very less systemic study of forage crops in this part of the world. The information is scanty and not well documented. With these backgrounds, a field experiment was conducted during winter and summer season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 with three forage crops [Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum and Setaria anceps] and three mulching managements [no mulching, soil dust mulching and live mulching]. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Forage crop was assigned to the main plots and mulching to the subplots. The results revealed that superior growth attributes as well as highest green fodder yield (91.14 q ha-1 in winter and 307.20 q ha-1 in summer) and dry matter yield (26.27 q ha-1 in winter and 66.99 q ha-1 in summer) were obtained with forage crop Setaria anceps. Mulching influenced all growth parameters (plant height, leaf area index and crop growth rate) significantly and recorded highest with live mulching followed by soil dust and no mulching. Adoption of live mulching resulted in highest green fodder yield (94.17 q ha-1 in winter and 309.58 q ha-1 in summer) as well as highest dry matter yield (26.28 q ha-1 in winter and 71.93 q ha-1 in summer). The present experimental findings signify the importance of live mulching in improving growth attributes and yield of forage crops.

Post-Rainy Season Pigeonpea Holds Promise for the Diversification of Cropping Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARBIND K. CHOUDHARY ◽  
RAKESH KUMAR ◽  
KUL BHUSHAN SAXENA ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
North East ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

The temporal and spatial intensity of rainfall in north-east plains (Central and Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assom and North-Eastern states) often leads to temporary waterlogging, causing partial to complete mortality of pigeonpea seedlings during rainy season. Post-rainy season (September) plantings may be adopted as an alternate approach to address the issue of waterlogging and crop diversification. Research conducted at the ICAR-RCER, Patna has shown that sowing of ‘Pusa 9’ during second week of September after harvest of quality protein green cob maize provided up to 3.0 t/ha grain yield under zero tillage with optimum crop management practices (one hand weeding, one-two insecticide spray of imidacloroprid @1mL/L water at 10 days’ interval commencing from second fortnight of February). Similarly, ‘IPA 203’ sown on September 20, 2018 yielded more than 3.0 t/ha under conventional tillage practices (N: P: K: 20:50:0; two hand weeding; one irrigation during second fortnight of December and two spray of the same insecticide at the same interval). These findings indicate that the system is agronomically feasible, economically highly remunerative and ecologically sustainable to bring about diversification in upland ecology of north-east plains of India.

scholarly journals Effect of Weed Management Practices and Fertilizer Levels on Crop Nutrient Uptake and Weed Nutrient Removal in the Hybrid Rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Polagani Nagarjuna ◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
P. Varalakshmi ◽  
Y. N. Mohan Babu
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Plot Design

Aim: Comparative evaluation of weed management practices and fertilizer levels on crop nutrient uptake and weed nutrient removal in the hybrid rice. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with weed management in main-plot and fertilizer levels in sub-plot and was replicated thrice. Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was performed during the kharif period of 2017 at the Research Farm, TCA, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (BIHAR). Methodology: The experiment was performed with twelve treatments in a split plot design. The main plot comprised four different weed management practices and under the sub-plot there were three fertilizer levels. Rice hybrid “ARIZE-6444” was taken as the test variety. Observations of the crop and weeds during the experimental duration were recorded at regular intervals, to assess the probable relationship between growth attributes and the final yield. The significance of the treatment impact was examined by the F test. Results: Among weed management practices, maximum uptake by rice with respect to nitrogen (152.85 Kg/ha), phosphorous (45.79 Kg/ha) and potassium (187.13 Kg/ha) and minimum removal by weed regarding nitrogen (1.30 Kg/ha), phosphorous (0.54 Kg/ha) and potassium (1.85 Kg/ha) was recorded in treatment hand weeding twice which was observed statistically at par with Bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g/ha + Pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT. Among fertilizer levels, application of 150 per cent RDF registered the highest portion of nitrogen (130.52 Kg/ha), phosphorous (40.40 Kg/ha) and potassium (164.49 Kg/ha) uptake by rice crop and nutrient removal through weeds is nitrogen (10.65 Kg/ha), phosphorous (4.84 Kg/ha) and potassium (15.59 Kg/ha) of, and respectively. Conclusion: Among different weed management practices combined application of Bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g/ha + Pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha at @) DAT or hand weeding twice (20 and 40 DAT) was found effective in controlling weeds and increase in the quality and quantity of rice. Among fertilizer levels application of 125% RDF was found effective in increase in the yield, nutrient content of the crop and substantially reduction of nutrients removed by weed in rice field.

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