scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of organic selenium to improve growth performance and protein utilization in African catfish fed with different protein level diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Giri Maruto Darmawangsa ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Nurbambang Priyo Utomo ◽  
Julie Ekasari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Protein Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic selenium supplementation on diet with different protein levels on the growth performance and protein utilization of African catfish juvenile. A randomized 2×3 factorial design with two dietary protein levels (27% and 32%) and three dietary selenium (Se) supplementation levels (0 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 6 mg/kg diet) in triplicates were applied in the study. African catfish juvenile with an initial average body weight and body length of 27.00 ± 0.14 g and 15.0 ± 0.5 cm, respectively, was reared in 18 units of aquarium (141 L) at a density of 142 fish/m3 for a rearing period of 40 days. Increasing organic Se supplementation level up to 6 mg/kg at high protein feed resulted in higher fish growth and final biomass, lower FCR, and higher protein utilization efficiency than those of other treatments.  Furthermore, supplementation of organic Se also resulted in lower lipid and higher Se concentrations in the fish body as well as higher blood protein level compared to those of the control. In conclusion, the result of this study suggested that dietary supplementation of organic Se up to 6 mg/kg could enhance the growth and protein utilization in African catfish fed with both low and high protein diet.   Keywords: African catfish, growth, dietary protein, protein utilization, organic selenium.   ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi selenium organik pada pakan dengan kadar protein yang berbeda terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan protein pakan ikan lele Clarias gariepenus. Penelitian didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2×3 dengan dua tingkat protein pakan (27% dan 32%) dan tiga tingkat suplementasi selenium (Se) pakan (0 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, dan 6 mg/kg diet) sebanyak tiga ulangan. Ikan lele yang digunakan memiliki bobot awal rata-rata dan panjang tubuh 27 ± 0.14 g dan 15.0 ± 0.5 cm, dipelihara dalam 18 unit akuarium (141 L) dengan kepadatan 142 ekor/m3 selama 40 hari pemeliharaan. Peningkatan suplementasi Se organik hingga 6 mg/kg pada ikan yang diberi pakan protein tinggi menghasilkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan dan biomassa akhir yang lebih tinggi, FCR yang lebih rendah, dan efisiensi pemanfaatan protein pakan yang lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lain. Selain itu, suplementasi Se organik juga menghasilkan kadar lemak yang lebih rendah dan konsentrasi Se tubuh yang lebih tinggi serta kadar protein darah yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu suplementasi Se organik pada pakan hingga 6 mg/kg dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan protein pakan pada ikan lele yang diberi pakan dengan kadar protein rendah dan tinggi.   Kata kunci: ikan lele, pertumbuhan, protein pakan, pemanfaatan protein, selenium organik.

scholarly journals Performance of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse) on commercial rations and varying dietary protein levels

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Ajayi ◽  
O. O. Tewe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Food Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Cricetomys Gambianus ◽  
African Giant Rat

The growth performance of 24 weanling giant rats was studied in 2 experiments of 30 weeks duration with commercial livestock rations and graded levels of protein. Daily average liveweight gain was 5·1-7·3 g, food consumption 26·9-36·3 g on 6 diets. Food intake, growth rate and food efficiency ratio were very similar using the different commercial diets. Growth performance improved as the dietary protein level was raised from 10 to 13%, but a further increase to 16% did not result in greater growth. The commercial pig ration and the experimental diet containing 13% dietary protein level were found to give satisfactory growth, and are recommended for studies with these animals.

scholarly journals Influence Of Crude Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters of Growing Male Japanese Quail In Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Konan Kouassi Serge-Olivier ◽  
Bleyere Mathieu ◽  
Yves Bénarèce Tra Dje Bi ◽  
Soualio Kamagate ◽  
Paul Angoué
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Crude Protein Level

Purpose: This article aims to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and some blood biochemical composition of male Japanese quail. Study Design: Qualitative Descriptive Design. Subjects and Methods: Three hundred, three week old apparently healthy male Japanese quail were used in this experiment. The birds were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 3 replicates of 20 birds for 21 days of experimental period and placed in cages, measuring 100 cm (length) x100 cm (width) x 80 cm (height). Group A was fed on diet 1 containing 18% crude protein, Group B was fed on diet 2 containing 20% crude protein, Group C was fed on diet 3 containing 22% crude protein, Group D was fed on diet 4 containing 24% crude protein and Group E was fed on diet 5containing 26% crude protein. All groups were subjected to similar management practices. Results: The findings showed that growth performance parameters significantly improved as dietary crude protein level increased. However dietary protein level beyond 22% has no beneficial effect on growth. Biochemical examination results demonstrated that the crude protein level in diet was not significantly affected the blood glucose, cholesterol,   bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus and liver enzyme activities (ASAT and ALT). However, we noticed a significant effect (P<0.05) about Total protein, Albumin, Urea, Triglycerides, Creatinine and Uric acid. Despite the variation of these parameters, they remain within the normal range. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that dietary protein levels do not affect quail health. The crude protein requirement for Japanese quail from 21 to 42 days old is 22%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of protein sparing effect in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed with organic selenium supplemented diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Christian Ernsz Pattipeilohy ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Mia Setiawati ◽  
Julie Ekasari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Protein Sparing ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Sparing Effect

ABSTRACT   The objective of this research was to determine the optimum level of organic selenium supplementation in improving the growth performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed with diet containing low protein level. Basal diet was formulated to contain 28% protein with three different levels of organic selenium supplementation, namely 0 (control), 3, and 6 mg Se/kg feed. Furthermore, to evaluate selenium function on protein utilization and sparring effect, a diet with 30% of protein content was also used as a comparison. In this regard, this study was conducted using a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and three replications. Nile tilapia with an average body weight of 8.05 ± 0.25 g were reared in the 100×50×50 cm3 aquarium at a density of 15 fish/aquarium. The experimental fish were reared for 60 days and fed three times daily to apparent satiation levels. Dietary supplementation of organic Se resulted in higher fish biomass, lower feed conversion ratio, higher protein retention and daily growth rate compared to the control diets with 28% and 30% protein levels. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of organic Se at 3 mg organic Se/kg feed could significantly increase protein utilization and improve the growth performance of Nile tilapia.   Keywords: tilapia, protein sparing effect, organic selenium, feed   ABSTRAK   Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan tingkat suplementasi selenium organic pada pakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Pakan basal diformulasikan mengandung 28% protein dengan tiga tingkat selenium organik yaitu 0 (kontrol), 3, dan 6 mg Se/kg pakan. Selanjutnya untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan selenium pada pemanfaatan protein dan efek sparring, pakan dengan 30% protein juga ditambahkan sebagai perlakuan pembanding. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ikan nila dengan bobot rata-rata adalah 8.05 ± 0.25 g dipelihara dalam akuarium 100 × 50 × 50 cm3 dengan kepadatan 15 ikan/akuarium. Ikan dipelihara selama 60 hari dan diberi pakan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Pemberian pakan dengan suplementasi Se organic menghasilkan biomassa ikan yang lebih tinggi, rasio konversi pakan yang lebih rendah, retensi protein dan laju pertumbuhan harian yang lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan control dengan kadar protein 28% dan 30%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplemtasi pakan ikan nila dengan 3 mg Se organik/kg pakan dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan protein pakan dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan Nila.   Kata kunci: ikan nila, protein sparing effect, selenium organik, pakan.

scholarly journals Growth performance and haematological traits of Nigerian local chickens fed varied dietary protein levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
V. U. Oleforuh-Okoleh, ◽  
I. J. Nte ◽  
Q. Onyegbule
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Local Chickens

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance and haematological traits of Nigerian local chickens (NLC) fed varied dietary protein levels. An eleven week feeding trial was done in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement using six treatment groups comprising a combination of two genotypes of the NLC identified as normal feather (na) and naked neck (Na) and three dietary protein levels - high protein: HP (22% and 20% CP chick mash and grower mash respectively), medium protein: MP (20% and 18% chick mash and grower mash respectively) and low protein: LP (18% and 16% chick mash and grower mash). Data were collected on growth performance traits (body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio). At the end of the feeding trial a haematological assay was done. Neither genotype nor interaction of genotype and dietary protein level influenced (p>0.05) any of the growth performance traits studied. Birds on HP ate 10.21% and 7.09% less feed than those on MP and LP respectively. A better (p<0.05) protein efficiency ratio (up to 20.79%) was observed in birds fed LP. Na birds had 4.55% and 17.50x103 L-1 more packed cell volume and platelets respectively than na birds (p<0.05). All haematological traits studied, except white blood cell count, showed significant variations (p<0.05) due to varied dietary protein levels. Higher haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and platelets were observed in birds fed LP diet. Reducing the dietary protein level had no adverse effect on the NLC thus, the LP diet is recommended for raising the Nigerian local chicken.

scholarly journals Growth performance and haematological traits of Nigerian local chickens fed varied dietary protein levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
V. U. Oleforuh-Okoleh ◽  
I. J. Nte ◽  
Q. Onyegbule
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Local Chickens

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance and haematological traits of Nigerian local chickens (NLC) fed varied dietary protein levels. An eleven week feeding trial was done in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement using six treatment groups comprising a combination of two genotypes of the NLC' identified as normal leather (na) and naked neck (Na) and three dietary protein levels - high protein: HP (22% and 20% CP chick mash and grower mash respectively), medium protein: MP (20% and 18% chick mash and grower mash respectively) and low protein: LP (18% and 16% chick mash and grower mash). Data were collected on growth performance traits (body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio). At the end of the feeding trial a haematological assay was done. Neither genotype nor interaction of genotype and dietary protein level influenced (p>0.05) any of the growth performance traits studied. Birds on HP ate 10.21% and 7.09% less feed than those on MP and LP respectively. A better (p<0.05) protein efficiency ratio (up 10 20.79%) was observed in birds fed LP. Na birds had 4.55% and 17.50x704L-1 more packed cell volume and platelets respectively than na birds (p<0.05). All haematological traits studied, except white blood cell count, showed significant variations (p<0.05) due to varied dietary protein levels. Higher haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and platelets were observed in birds fed LP diet. Reducing the dietary protein level had no adverse effect on the NLC thus, the LP diet is recommended for raising the Nigerian local chicken.

Effects of breeds and dietary protein levels on the growth performance, energy expenditure and expression of avUCP mRNA in chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 2769-2779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihua Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Xu ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
Hongxin Yu ◽  
Hua Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Levels

Effects of variations in dietary protein levels on hair growth and pelt quality in mink (Mustela vison)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palle V. Rasmussen ◽  
Christian F. Børsting
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Hair Fibre

The effect of different and shifting dietary protein levels on hair growth and the resulting pelt quality in mink was studied. Two groups of pastel female mink were fed either 59% (high protein, HP) or 40% (low protein, LP) of metabolisable energy (ME) from protein during pregnancy and lactation. Shortly after weaning, kits from females fed the LP diet were put on a new LP diet (21% protein of ME). Kits from females fed HP were randomly distributed to four experimental groups fed a new HP diet (34% protein of ME) and three of these groups were shifted to diets with 21% protein at different times during June until September. Skin biopsies were taken at 4, 6, 23 and, 29 wk of age. Histological techniques and computer-assisted light microscopy were used to determine the ratio of activity (ROA) of underfur and guard hairs, respectively, defined as the number of growing hairs as a percentage of the total number of hairs. The hair fibre length and thickness were determined by morphometric methods and correlated with fur properties of dried pelts judged by sensory methods. It was documented that 40% of ME from protein during pregnancy and lactation was sufficient for mink kits to express their genetic capacity to produce hair follicles. In males, a reduced protein level from the age of 15 wk or 22 wk until pelting disturbed moulting, indicated by a low ROA of underfur hairs at 23 wk, and consequently reduced the growth and development of the winter coat. A constantly low protein level from conception until the age of 29 wk did not disturb moulting, but led to a reduction of primeness and especially of the underfur length and fibre thickness of the winter coat. A low protein level from the age of 9 wk only reduced the thickness of the underfur fibres. Hair growth, final fur volume, and general quality of the winter coat of males were influenced negatively and to the same degree in all groups fed the LP diet in part of the growth period. The number of underfur hairs per area (hair density) of the winter coat was not influenced by the dietary treatment meaning that the protein content of 21% of ME in the LP diet was high enough for the mink to express its genetic capacity to develop hair follicles. However, this low protein content led to a reduction of hair fibre length and hair fibre thickness of the underfur. Overall, this study demonstrated that hair growth and hair properties in pelts are very dependent on the dietary protein supply in the period from 22 wk of age until pelting, irrespective of the supply in the preceding periods. Key words: Fur properties, hair fibres, nutrition, pelage, protein requirement

scholarly journals Effects of restricted feeding and re-alimentation of dietary protein or energy on compensatory growth of sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
W. Addah ◽  
A. Ayantunde ◽  
E.K. Okine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Daily Gain

The study investigated the effects of re-alimenting dietary protein or energy on growth, carcass characteristics and meat eating quality parameters of sheep. Twenty-seven intact rams (~9 months; 11.3 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was fed a maintenance diet (MT) containing, on dry matter (DM) basis, 105 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 8.4 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy (ME) for 30 days. Thereafter, they were continually fed the same MT or re-alimented with a high protein diet (HP) containing 169 g/kg DM CP and 9.3 MJ/kg ME or a high energy diet (HE) containing 123 g/kg DM CP and 10.6 MJ/kg ME for an additional 30 days to determine the effects of re-alimentation of protein or energy on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. During the initial 30-day period, DM intake (DMI) and growth performance were similar among the three groups. However, upon re-alimentation, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency of sheep re-alimented with HP were greater than those maintained continually on MT or re-alimented with HE. Sheep on HP had higher feed efficiency, ADG and heavier carcasses than those fed MT or re-alimented with HE during the whole 60-day period. Growth of most viscera was less responsive to the restriction-re-alimentation feeding regimen except for the weights of the lungs, heart and intestines. Meat from sheep re-alimented with HE had a more intense ‘sheepy’ flavour than those fed MT or re-alimented with HP, but juiciness and tenderness were not affected. The higher ADG of sheep re-alimented with protein may be related more to enhanced efficiency of feed utilization than to higher DMI.Keywords: average daily gain, feed restriction, nutrient utilization efficiency, visceral organs

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