scholarly journals ANTIHISTAMINES: RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL RETAIL MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-409
Author(s):  
V. V. Prokopenko ◽  
T. I. Kabakova ◽  
M. V. Chernikov ◽  
A. B. Goryachev ◽  
S. A. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Provision

the aim. Focused on optimizing the assortment portfolio of pharmacy organizations and improving the process of drug supply to end-consumers, the aim of the study was to analyze the regional pharmaceutical market for antihistamines.Materials and methods. In the study, the following methods were used: a content analysis of regulatory documents; a documentary observation method of the volume of antihistamines sales; a sociological survey method. The objects of the study were accounting registers in 32 pharmacy organizations for 2020, as well as the sociological survey results of 174 respondents – consumers of antihistamines.Results. The classification analysis of 38 international non-proprietary trade names of antihistamines, represented by 187 names of drugs, revealed the prevalence of the first-generation drugs (63%). On the Russian pharmaceutical market, there were also 55% of foreign production drugs. At the regional level, there are 66 types of drugs in circulation, 50% of which are second-generation ones. The cost analysis showed rather a wide rage of the pricing proposal and the economic availability of antihistamines for patients. The sociological survey revealed the fact that 46% of the consumers were ready to pay for the necessary drugs in the price range “over 100 and up to 500 rubles” (over $ 1.38 and up to $ 6.88) for one conventional package. A medical-demographic profile of the antihistamines consumer at the regional level has been made up, and guidelines for pharmaceutical specialists on managing the assortment portfolio of pharmaceutical organizations have been developed.Conclusion. As a result of the study, the following facts have been established: the seasonal peaks in the antihistamines consumption; a gradual renewal of the pharmacies assortment portfolio due to the increased consumption of the second and third generation antihistamines. The medical and demographic profile of the consumer should be taken into consideration when planning a drug provision for the patients with allergic pathologies, and it is connected with the growth in pharmacies profits due to the sale of drugs in the range from 100 to 500 rubles (from $ 1.38 to $ 6.88). The methodical recommendations have been brought to the attention of the management of regional pharmacy organizations.

scholarly journals CONTENT-ANALYSIS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN GROUPS OF ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Dinara Ermekova ◽  
◽  
Isabek Ismailov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
High Price ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Trade Names

Objective: To segment the pharmaceutical market of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) of the derivatives groups of acetic acid in the Kyrgyz Republic. Methods: The database of the State Registry of Medicines registered and approved for Medical use in Kyrgyzstan, the Department of Drugs Security and Medical Engineering of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic is used for analysis. Results: Analysis showed that the leaders of the pharmaceutical market in Kyrgyzstan the number of registered medicines (M) under the trade names are Medical Drugs (MD) with international generic name: diclofenac, ketorolac, indomethacin. It has been established that there are 99 trade names of NSAIDs of the groups of acetic acid derivatives in the Kyrgyz pharmaceutical market. The largest part of the range consists of diclofenac (M01AB05), represented by 62 trade names MD (62.6%), and ketorolac (M01AB15), represented by 20 trade names MD (20.2%). In the pharmaceutical market of Kyrgyzstan are NSAIDs from the groups of acetic acid derivatives from 15 countries, of which 21.1% of MDs are produced by neighboring countries, and 73.3% – in far countries. Conducted studies have revealed that the structure of the range of NSAIDs groups of acetic acid derivatives is dominated by soft medicinal forms, which making up 37.4%. A comparative analysis of the composition of MD by the number of active substances revealed that 92.9% of NSAIDs of the groups of acetic acid derivatives are monodrugs. Based on the analysis of the price segmentation of NSAIDs of the groups of acetic acid derivatives, most of the drugs are in the low-price segment. Conclusions: A sufficient assortment saturation of the pharmaceutical market of Kyrgyzstan NSAIDs groups of acetic acid derivatives has been revealed. The pharmaceutical market of the Kyrgyz Republic is dominated by monocomponent NSAIDs in the form of soft medicinal forms produced in foreign countries. Only 7 MDs from this group are in the high-price range, making the remaining drugs financially available to consumers. Keywords: NSAIDs, indomethacin, diclofenac, etodolac, ketorolac, aceclophenac.

Medical and economic analysis of the consequences of expanding the drug supply program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Andrei Georgievich Maliavin ◽  
Alana Viktorovna Dzanaeva ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Avxentyeva ◽  
Sergei Lvovich Babak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Provision

Purpose of the study. Healthcare budget impact analysis in the Russian Federation of providing adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with basic therapy for outpatient treatment. Material and methods. The hypothesis of reducing costs for the treatment of exacerbations of COPD was tested while providing all patients with basic therapy on an outpatient basis. The model calculates the direct medical costs of drug provision and treatment of exacerbations in patients with COPD in the current situation and when all patients with COPD are covered with basic therapy as part of a program of preferential drug provision. The simulation period is 1 year. The analysis does not take into account social losses associated with disability, payment of disability certificates, reduced labor productivity and mortality. Results. The cost of providing all patients with COPD with the recommended basic drug therapy on an outpatient basis is substantially offset by a decrease in the cost of treating exacerbations: drug costs should increase by 14.1 billion rubles compared with the current situation, while the cost of providing medical care to patients with exacerbations is reduced by 9.7 billion rubles. As a result, the difference in direct medical costs, or the necessary additional investments, is 4.4 billion rubles. The price of drugs used for basic therapy has the greatest impact on the size of the required additional investments. Conclusion. Providing all patients with COPD with the recommended basic drug therapy on an outpatient basis, we can expect a decrease in the number of moderate exacerbations per year by 14.7% and severe exacerbations by 31.2%. Taking into account not only medical, but also socio-economic costs can not only offset additional investments, but also demonstrate significant savings. When implementing a pilot project of preferential drug provision for patients with COPD in a specific region of the Russian Federation, it is possible to reduce the cost of purchasing medicines when forming a municipal order.

Glembotskaya G.T., Eremin S.Yu. Scientific and practical approach to optimizing costs on development and promotion of drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Галина Глембоцкая ◽  
Galina Glembockaya ◽  
Станислав Еремин ◽  
Stanislav Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Registration Phase

In order to identify promising strategic development possibilities for the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation, a pilot study was conducted, which has analyzed the main trends in the development of innovative medicines. As a result of the content analysis of available sources of scientific literature, the characteristics of options used in the world practice for increasing the innovative activity of individual subjects and the pharmaceutical market as a whole are presented. Possible reserves for the further development of the innovative component of the pharmaceutical market within the framework of the concept of personalized medicine according to the P4 principle (predictive - personalized - preventive - participatory) are identified and structured. The results of use by individual pharmaceutical companies of scientifically and practically justified approaches to optimizing the costs of development and promoting drugs are presented. The advantages and real prospects of a generally accepted method to reduce the cost of development by «expanding the pharmacological effect» (label expansion) of already existing drugs with a known safety profile in the world practice are shown. A scientific generalization and structuring of the goals and results of the post-registration phase of clinical trials to expand the pharmacological action of a number of drugs already existed at the market have been carried out.

scholarly journals Combining regional to local restoration goals in the Brazilian Atlantic forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassia M.G. Lemos ◽  
Pedro R. Andrade ◽  
Ricardo R. Rodrigues ◽  
Leticia Hissa ◽  
Ana P. D. Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
The Cost

AbstractTo achieve regional and international large-scale restoration goals with minimum costs, several restoration commitments rely on natural regeneration, a passive and inexpensive strategy. However, natural regeneration potential may vary within the landscape, mainly due to its historical context. In this work, we use spatially explicit restoration scenarios to explore how and where, within a given region, multiple restoration commitments could be combined to achieve cost-effectiveness outcomes. Our goal is to facilitate the elaboration of forest restoration plans at the regional level, taking into consideration the costs for active and passive restoration methods. The approach includes (1) a statistical analysis to estimate the natural regeneration potential for a given area based on alternative sets of biophysical, land cover, and/or socioeconomic factors and (2) the use of a land change allocation model to explore the cost-effectiveness of combining multiple restoration commitments in a given area through alternative scenarios. We test our approach in a strategic region in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome, the Paraiba Valley in São Paulo State. Using the available data for 2011, calibrated for 2015, we build alternative scenarios for allocating natural regeneration until 2025. Our models indicate that the natural regeneration potential of the region is actually very low, and the cost-effectiveness outcomes are similar for all scenarios. We believe our approach can be used to support the regional-level decision-making about the implementation of multiple commitments aiming at the same target area. It can also be combined with other approaches for more refined analysis (e.g., optimization models).

Pharmacoeconomical approaches for assessing the rational use of ophthalmic drugs in polyclinic settings

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
N.A. Nefedov ◽  
◽  
D.S. Ramonas ◽  
B.G. Khasanov ◽  
A.S. Alexandrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ophthalmic Drugs ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Provision ◽  
Combined Drugs

Purpose. To evaluate the results of the rational use of ophthalmic medicines with the use of pharmacoeconomical analysis. Material and methods. With the help of ABC-VEN analysis, a comparative study of the quality of pharmacotherapy and drug provision of patients who were monitored and treated by an ophthalmologist of the polyclinic in 2015 and 2019 was conducted. Results. As a result, it was found that the share of costs for vital drugs increased by 10.1% and amounted to 71.1% in 2019, which corresponds to the standardized criterion (70-80%). There was a reduction in the cost of purchasing secondary drugs by 7.6%, which indicates a rational drug supply of ophthalmic drugs. The most commonly used drugs for the treatment of glaucoma were 27.8% in 2015 and 35.1% in 2019. The share of their acquisition costs was 54.9% and 67.9%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the range and number of drugs for the treatment of patients with glaucoma: a 2.8-fold increase in the number of purchased eye drops for monotherapy and a 12% increase in the number of combined drugs. Conclusion. Pharmacoeconomical analysis showed an optimization of spending money on the purchase of drugs used in ophthalmology: an increase of 10.1% in the share of vital drugs and a decrease of 7.6% in the cost of purchasing secondary drugs. There was an increase in the range and quantity of drugs for the treatment of patients with glaucoma. Key words: ABC-VEN-analysis, drugs, ophthalmology, pharmacoeconomics.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Cost Control in Increasing Profit Operations

Sosio e-kons ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Marlina Nur Lestari ◽  
Nina Herlina ◽  
Risna Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Determination Coefficient ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Test Correlation

<p><em>The purpose of this research is to know the effect of how much the cost control of production</em><em> </em><em>to operating profit. The method used in this research is the survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The data used is the cost of production data and profit data from CV Insan Lestari. with sample pick up used purposive sampling. The Data analysis method in this research is a regression test, correlation test, determination coefficient, and signification test. The result from a statistic test, there known about a positive correlation from cost control to the production with an operating profit, with determination coefficient are 75,1% and 24.9% are factors outside this research. With the signification test, the conclusion is, the cost control had affected the operating profit.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Analysis of dynamics of the medcine list in the government program «available medicines» for treatment of bronchial asthma

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
I. A. Kostiuk
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Additional Payment ◽  
The Cost

The problem of accessibility for socially significant goods for the population, among which the most important place occupy medicines in Ukraine, is very acute today. In this regard, the need for specific state interference through regulatory processes becomes relevant. One of the priority directions for increasing the availability of medicines is the Government of Ukraine has recognized reimbursement. The mechanism of full or partial payment of the cost of medicines used to counteract most socially significant diseases. One of these diseases is bronchial asthma (BA), since it affects all age groups of the population, and with ineffective control of the disease, the quality of life of patients is significantly reduced. The aim of the work is to study the range of medicines for the treatment of BA, included in the Government program «Accessible medicines» for the period 2017–2019 years. From April 1, 2017 to July 1, 2019, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine issued five orders, which approved the Register of medicines, the cost of which is subject to reimbursement. In the study analyzed all editions of the Register and found that with each update, the number of trade names (TN) of the medicines increased: for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases – by 56%, diabetes – by 92%, and BA – by 133%. During the 2017–2019 years, the number of international non-proprietary names (INNs) for the treatment of BA also increased: 3 times Beclomethasone, Budesonide 3.5 times, and Salbutamol is almost 2 times. Also, found that 87% of TN are imported and only 13% – domestic. Total of medicines for the treatment of asthma, the value of which is refundable imports 6 countries, the main segment of which is formed by Spain (31%) and Sweden (23%). The analysis of the size and amount of rejection and the amount of the surcharge for packaging allows us to establish that the percentage of medicines without an additional payment is approximately up to 50%. At 75% of the medicines for the treatment of BA, the amount of packing surcharge with each edition of the Register of medicines subject to reimbursement was increased by 2 medicines (Beckhazon-eco 100 mcg/dose and 250 mcg/dose) and 1 medicine (Budesonide-inteli 200 mcg/dose) – decreased 1 medicine (Budesonide-inteli 200 mcg/dose) subject to partial compensation only once. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that there is a need to improve the assortment policy in order to provide the pharmaceutical market with the available and necessary domestic medicines, in accordance with the needs of the population and the standards for the treatment of BA.

scholarly journals Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Purchase Decision

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 453-455
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Digital Generation ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Look

promoting is a trifling exchange of goods and services for cost but advertising and marketing is the phenomenon that allows keeping clients other than attracting them. Within the gift era among the numerous modes of marketing, digital marketing occurs to generate the maximum fee. It could be as the mechanism of reaching consumers through the use of diverse virtual distribution channels. The present observes aims to observe the effect of digital marketing and advertising on client purchase conduct and additionally makes an attempt to investigate as to in what ways are the clients absolutely privy to the diverse digital marketing and advertising mediums inside the gift digital generation. The look at is primarily based on the survey method. A questionnaire is prepared and covered 786 respondents for evaluation. The effects of the look at discovered the information that the purchasers are privy to the digital mediums available to them. It also confirmed the results that most of the customers opt to shop online due to its ease of use and in your price range mode of buying. Because of the technological upliftment in the gift generation, digital mediums and digital marketing are gaining significance and is enormously prevalent via each stratum of the society.

scholarly journals KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USATANI KEDELAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Dedi Djuliansah ◽  
Trisna Insan Noor ◽  
Yosini Deliana ◽  
Meddy Rachmadi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Land Area ◽  
C Value ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Planting Season

This study aims to identify the cost, revenue, and income of soybean farming, identify the feasibility of soybean farming, identify the breakeven point and change the break-even point due to changes in selling prices in Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The method used in this study is a survey method, while the data used consists of primary data and secondary data. Determination of sample farmers using the Two Stage Cluster Random Sampling method, with a sample size of 65 people with a proportion of 27 farmers in paddy fields and 38 farmers in land, from a population of soybean farmers as many as 185 people.            The results of this study indicate that the cost of soybean farming per hectare in paddy fields is Rp. 5,896,896.90 with receipts of Rp 8,478,139.53 and income of Rp. 2,581,242.63, while the cost of soybean farming per hectare on land is Rp. 4,163,487.48 with receipts of 8,342,774.57 and income of Rp. 4,179,287.09. Soybean farming in land is more feasible to be cultivated with an R / C value of 2.01 while the R / C value in paddy fields is 1.45. Minimum acceptance received by farmers from soybean farming so as not to lose in one planting season of Rp. 63,911.14 in paddy fields and Rp. 668,378.02 in land, the minimum production volume received by farmers from soybean farming so as not to lose in one planting season is 10.65 Kg in paddy fields and 111.40 Kg in land and minimum land area that must be processed by farmers so that no loss in one planting season of 0.01 ha in paddy fields and 0.08 ha on land. Decrease in output price of Rp. 1,000.00 (16.67%) causes the minimum acceptance received by farmers from soybean farming so as not to lose in one planting season of Rp. 100,196.38 in paddy fields and Rp. 767,384.61 on land. The margin value of safety on soybean farming is 90.53 in wetland and 82.40 in land area

Agents and Agency

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
Katina Manko
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Women Managers ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Private Writing ◽  
Daily Contact ◽  
New Recruits ◽  
And Training

The CPC traveling agent was a woman who traveled for several months a year, stopping in small towns on her route to recruit women to sell in their neighborhoods. The traveling agent kept in daily contact with the company in New York, evaluating individual sales reports and earnings, handing out catalogs and sample cases to new recruits, and training women for making sales calls, submitting and receiving orders, and distributing products to customers. A demographic profile of these agents shows that most women were either single or widowed and between the ages of twenty and seventy. An analysis of their work gleaned from company literature, private writing, and the national census shows that most of these women welcomed the independence and opportunity for substantial income beyond what ordinary work offered. This group of women would become the first generation of women managers in the company, overseeing the transition from district to city sales offices in the late 1930s.

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