scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF SPODOPTERA PECTINICORNIS IN CONTROLLING WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes) IN FIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Lyswiana Aphrodyanti ◽  
Helda Orbani Rosa ◽  
Samharinto Samharinto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
High Level ◽  
State Of The Environment

Spodoptera pectinicornis is a biological control agent that has a great potential to control water lettuce weeds. Its existence in nature however is still limited, so a mass propagation is needed by rearing S. pectinicornis imagoes to produce eggs and to hatch them into larvae of 4 days old. The 4-year larvae were then released by putting water lettuces that contained active larvae into the target area. Observation results on the percentage of damage in the watershed location for 5 times of observation consecutively was 25%, 50%, 50%, 75% and 90%. The magnitude of damage showed that S. pectinicornis was able to adapt well, so it could perform eating activities and cause damage to the water lettuces. Meanwhile, at the release site of rice field, the percentage of damage was 0%, 25%, 35%, 25% and 10%. The downward trend in the level of S. pectinicornis attacks was due to its inability to keep pace with the growth and development of water lettuces. High level of rainfall caused the water lettuces to increase its size and the number of its tillers so that they could colonize these waters. The fact that S. pectinicornis still has the ability to destroy the water lettuces gives great hope to the control efforts. However, thorough evaluation and assessment are required on all aspects, such as the biological control agents, weed targets, organisms associated with them, and the state of the environment so as to minimize the possibility of failure in the field.

scholarly journals Mass Production and Application of Spodoptera pectinicornis as Biological Control Agent of Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Helda Orbani Rosa ◽  
Samharinto . ◽  
Lyswiana Aphrodyanti
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Air Circulation

<p>Water lettuce (<em>Pistia stratiotes</em>) is one of the important aquatic weeds because it can cause many problems for humans and the environment. In addition, the declining quality and quantity of water is also due to the invasion of water lettuce weeds covering the surface of waters, which can lead to the increasing transpiration and destruction of plankton making the balance of the ecosystem disrupted. This study was conducted in an attempt to control <em>P.</em><em> Stratiotes</em> by utilizing the biological control agent <em>Spodoptera pectinicornis</em> with mass production and its releasing applications in South Kalimantan’s waters. The study was started by taking and collecting <em>S. pectinicornis</em> from several places/fields. The moths were then placed in trays of water and put in a gauze cage of 75 cm x 75 cm x 75 cm in order to keep the air circulation. They were nourished in the laboratory to produce groups of eggs. The groups of eggs were then transferred to rearing ponds. When a fair number of agents were obtained, the treatment of liquid fertilizer AB Mix was carried out. The results showed that the fertilization treatment to water lettuce weeds as the food for the biological control agent <em>S. pectinicornis</em> did not differ from the condition when there was no fertilization treatment either on the feeding ability, weight of larvae and pupae or fitness of imago. However, its destructive ability is high that it has a big potential as a biological control of water lettuce.</p>

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Biological Control-Based Integrated Pest Management in Rice and Maize in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Babendreier ◽  
Min Wan ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Rui Gu ◽  
Justice Tambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The impact and sustainability of two interventions that have been formulated to introduce integrated pest management (IPM) into rice and maize crops in Southwestern China, Laos, and Myanmar between 2011 and 2016, and were assessed at the end of 2017. From 22 Trichogramma rearing facilities established during the interventions, 11 were still producing substantial quantities of biocontrol agents 1.5 years after project support had ended, while seven had stopped operations completely, and four were doing stock rearing only. Through the implementation of biological control-based IPM, slightly higher yields were achieved in maize and rice (4–10%), when compared to control farmers, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the use of pesticides nearly halved when farmers started using Trichogramma egg-cards as a biological control agent. Support from either public or private institutions was found to be important for ensuring the sustainability of Trichogramma rearing facilities. Many of the suggested IPM measures were not adopted by smallholder farmers, indicating that the positive impacts of the interventions mostly resulted from the application of Trichogramma biological control agents. The following assessment suggests that further promotion of IPM adoption among farmers is needed to upscale the already positive effects of interventions that facilitate reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and the effects on sustainable agricultural production of rice and maize in the target area more generally.

scholarly journals Unexpected parasitism of Douglas-fir seed chalcid limits biocontrol options for invasive Douglas-fir in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Sonia Lee ◽  
Simon V. Fowler ◽  
Claudia Lange ◽  
Lindsay A. Smith ◽  
Alison M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Predator ◽  
High Level

Douglas-fir seed chalcid (DFSC) Megastigmus spermotrophus, a small (3 mm long) host-specific seed-predatory wasp, was accidentally introduced into New Zealand in the 1920s. Concern over DFSC reducing Douglas-fir seed production in New Zealand led to an attempt at biocontrol in 1955 with the release, but failed establishment, of the small (2.5 mm long) parasitoid wasp, Mesopolobus spermotrophus. We investigated why DFSC causes little destruction of Douglas-fir seed in New Zealand (usually <20%) despite the apparent absence of major natural enemies. Douglas-fir seed collections from 13 New Zealand sites yielded the seed predator (DFSC) but also potential parasitoids, which were identified using morphology and partial COI DNA sequencing. DFSC destroyed only 0.15% of Douglas-fir seed. All parasitoids were identified as the pteromalid wasp, Mes. spermotrophus, the host-specific biocontrol agent released in 1955. Total parasitism was 48.5%, but levels at some sites approached 90%, with some evidence of density-dependence. The discovery of the parasitoid Mes. spermotrophus could indicate that the biocontrol agent released in 1955 did establish after all. Alternatively, Mes. spermotrophus could have arrived accidentally in more recent importations of Douglas-fir seed. The high level of parasitism of DFSC by Mes. spermotrophus is consistent with DFSC being under successful biological control in New Zealand. Suppression of DFSC populations will benefit commercial Douglas-fir seed production in New Zealand, but it also represents the likely loss of a potential biological control agent for wilding Douglas-fir.

scholarly journals Application of a Novel Phage LPSEYT for Biological Control of Salmonella in Foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yan ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Ping Yin ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Ashraf Mahdy Sharoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Control Food ◽  
High Level

Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne diseases, and in recent years, many isolates have exhibited a high level of antibiotic resistance, which has led to huge pressures on public health. Phages are a promising strategy to control food-borne pathogens. In this study, one of our environmental phage isolates, LPSEYT, was to be able to restrict the growth of zoonotic Salmonella enterica in vitro over a range of multiplicity of infections. Phage LPSEYT exhibited wide-ranging pH and thermal stability and rapid reproductive activity with a short latent period and a large burst size. Phage LPSEYT demonstrated potential efficiency as a biological control agent against Salmonella in a variety of food matrices, including milk and lettuce. Morphological observation, comparative genomic, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LPSEYT does not belong to any of the currently identified genera within the Myoviridae family, and we suggest that LPSEYT represents a new genus, the LPSEYTvirus. This study contributes a phage database, develops beneficial phage resources, and sheds light on the potential application value of phages LPSEYT on food safety.

Distribution, biology and host specificity of Cyrtobagous singularis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the biological control of Salvinia molesta

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Forno ◽  
D. P. A. Sands ◽  
W. Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
High Degree

AbstractCyrtobagous singularis Hust. was recorded from Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina in association with six species of Salvinia (aquatic ferns). Field observations and laboratory studies in Brazil and Australia showed that C. singularis severely damaged S. molesta and that the weevil is suitable as a control agent for this weed in tropical and subtropical areas in Australia. In host-specificity studies using 46 plant species that occur in Australia, development of the immature stages took place only on S. molesta. Minor leaf scarring occurred on sweet potato when in contact with water, but starvation tests excluded this plant as a possible terrestrial host. Adults fed, but were unable to reproduce, on water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). The high degree of host specificity indicated that establishment of this weevil in Australia is without risk to non-target plants. C. singularis was first released and became established in Australia in 1980.

scholarly journals THE LIFE TABLE OF Spodoptera pectinicornis Hampson AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes L.) WEED

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Lyswiana Aphrodyanti ◽  
Abdul Haris ◽  
Lidia Luisa Momongan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Growth

The table of life can provide information on birth (natality), death (mortality) and the opportunity to breed, so it can be used as a parameter of the behavior of population development.The purpose of this study was to determine the calculation of life table of S. pectinicornis Hampson as biological control agent of water lettuce (P. stratiotes) weed.The table of life is done by observing survival ability, mortality and fecundity of S. pectinicornis of a cohort of 300 eggs by looking at all the stages from egg, larva, pupa, and imago, and fecundity of female imago per day. The research was conducted in a condition of unlimited food resources and environment free of natural enemies. Parameters observed were gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), average of generation time (T), intrinsic rate of growth (r), and limited rate of growth (λ). The research result of the life table calculation showed that GRR value was 350.29, the value of net reproductive rate (Ro) was 19.59 descendants, the average of generation time (T) was 29.47 days, the value of intrinsic rate of accretion (r) was 0.10 and the value of limited rate of accretion (λ) was 1.11.

The Effects of Photoperiod on Diapause Induction in Hypena opulenta (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), a Biological Control Agent Against Invasive Swallow-Worts in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M Jones ◽  
Martin Lukas Seehausen ◽  
Robert S Bourchier ◽  
Sandy M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Optimal Time

Abstract Many insects exhibit a short-day diapause response, whereby diapause is induced when daylength falls below a critical threshold. This response is an adaptation to ensure synchrony between periods of insect activity, and the availability of resources, but it can cause problems when organisms are moved to new locations, where early or late-induced diapause can prove a barrier to establishment. We explored the role of photoperiod in diapause induction in Hypena opulenta, a recently introduced classical biological control agent for invasive swallow-worts in North America. We conducted four experimental cage releases as well as a growth chamber experiment to determine the threshold photoperiod for diapause induction in H. opulenta. We determined that the critical photoperiod for inducing diapause in 50% of H. opulenta is 15 h 35 min, which the moth only experiences in the Ottawa release site around summer solstice. This may lead to univoltinism, premature diapause, and poor establishment at some North American release sites. Our results can inform practical aspects of the biological control program for H. opulenta, such as fine-tuning methodologies for stockpiling diapausing pupae in the laboratory and narrowing down the optimal time window for releases at a given location. Additionally, our results will be important for the development of a temperature-based phenology model to more accurately predict voltinism in H. opulenta across the invasive range of swallow-worts in North America.

scholarly journals Establishment and dispersal of Cotesia rubecula a larval parasitoid of Pieris rapae in the Nelson district

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 319-319
Author(s):  
D.R. Wallis ◽  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
G.P. Walker ◽  
F.H. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Trial Site ◽  
Cotesia Rubecula ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Brassica Plants

Cotesia rubecula is a solitary larval parasitoid of Pieris rapae the small white butterfly (SWB) and has become an important biological control agent in regions where it has established since its release into New Zealand in 1993 It was first released in the Nelson region at three sites on 15 April 2013 after a survey in 2010 failed to find the parasitoid The cocoons of C rubecula for this release came from collections of SWB larvae at a trial site at Pukekohe and from unsprayed forage brassica plants growing near Burnham midCanterbury Monitoring of C rubecula and the established parasitoid C glomerata took place over two seasons 201415 and 201516 with all stages of SWB larvae collected at five properties across the Nelson region from Richmond to Motueka C rubecula were recovered from two of the original release sites for the next two years and appeared to spread to another site 9 km away from any release site This parasitoid is considered to be established in the region and should disperse naturally to become an important biological control agent of SWB in most habitats

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document