scholarly journals Framed Experiments and Games in Agriculture: A Systematic Review of the 21st Century in Economics and Social Science

Author(s):  
J. Nicolas Hernandez-Aguilera ◽  
Max Mauerman ◽  
Alexandra Herrera ◽  
Kathryn Vasilaky ◽  
Walter Baethgen ◽  
...  

Framed experiments and games are a useful medium to understand how context affects individual and group decision-making. They are particularly relevant for field research in agriculture, where alternative experimental designs can be costly and unfeasible. After a systematic review of the literature, we found that the volume of published studies employing coordination and cooperation games increased during the 2000-2020 period. In recent years, there has been greater attention given to natural resource management, conservation, and ecology areas, especially in strategic regions for agriculture sustainability. Other games, such as trust and risk games, have come to be regarded as standards of framed field experiments in agriculture. Regardless of sectoral focus, most games' results are subject to internal and external validity criticism. In particular, a significant portion of the games showed potential recruitment biases against women and no opportunities for a continued impact assessment. However, games' validity should be judged on a case-by-case basis. Specific cultural aspects of games might reflect the real context, and generalizing games' conclusions to different settings is often constrained by cost and utility. Overall, games in agriculture could benefit from more significant, frequent, and inclusive experiments and data – all possibilities offered by digital technology. Present-day physical distance restrictions may accelerate this shift. New technologies and engaging ways to approach farmers might represent a turning point for games in agriculture in the 21st century.

Games ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
J. Nicolas Hernandez-Aguilera ◽  
Max Mauerman ◽  
Alexandra Herrera ◽  
Kathryn Vasilaky ◽  
Walter Baethgen ◽  
...  

Games are particularly relevant for field research in agriculture, where alternative experimental designs can be costly and unfeasible. Games are also popular for non-experimental purposes such as recreating learning experiences and facilitating dialogue with local communities. After a systematic review of the literature, we found that the volume of published studies employing coordination and cooperation games increased during the 2000–2020 period. In recent years, more attention has been given to the areas of natural resource management, conservation, and ecology, particularly in regions important to agricultural sustainability. Other games, such as trust and risk games, have come to be regarded as standards of artefactual and framed field experiments in agriculture. Regardless of their scope, most games’ results are subject to criticism for their internal and external validity. In particular, a significant portion of the games reviewed here reveal recruitment biases towards women and provide few opportunities for continued impact assessment. However, games’ validity should be judged on a case-by-case basis. Specific cultural aspects of games might reflect the real context, and generalizing games’ conclusions to different settings is often constrained by cost and utility. Overall, games in agriculture could benefit from more significant, frequent, and inclusive experiments and data—all possibilities offered by digital technology. Present-day physical distance restrictions may accelerate this shift. New technologies and engaging mediums to approach farmers might present a turning point for integrating experimental and non-experimental games for agriculture in the 21st century.


Author(s):  
Erik Garrido ◽  
Euro Casanova

It is a regular practice in the oil industry to modify mechanical equipment to incorporate new technologies and to optimize production. In the case of pressure vessels, it is occasionally required to cut large openings in their walls in order to have access to the interior part of the equipment for executing modifications. This cutting process produces temporary loads, which were obviously not considered in the original mechanical design. Up to now, there is not a general purpose specification for approaching the assessments of stress levels once a large opening in a vertical pressure vessel has been made. Therefore stress distributions around large openings are analyzed on a case-by-case basis without a reference scheme. This work studies the distribution of the von Mises equivalent stresses around a large opening in FCC Regenerators during internal cyclone replacement, which is a frequently required practice for this kind of equipment. A finite element parametric model was developed in ANSYS, and both numerical results and illustrating figures are presented.


Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 105802
Author(s):  
Jeffery Ho ◽  
Tanasak Changbunjong ◽  
Thekhawet Weluwanarak ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Olivier Sparagano

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Huxley ◽  
Anne Krayer ◽  
Rob Poole ◽  
Louise Prendergast ◽  
Sanjaya Aryal ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Rafael Darque Pinto ◽  
Bruno Peixoto ◽  
Miguel Melo ◽  
Luciana Cabral ◽  
Maximino Bessa

Virtual reality has shown to have great potential as an educational tool when it comes to new learning methods. With the growth and dissemination of this technology, there is a massive opportunity for teachers to add this technology to their methods of teaching a second/foreign language, since students keep showing a growing interest in new technologies. This systematic review of empirical research aims at understanding whether the use of gaming strategies in virtual reality is beneficial for the learning of a second/foreign language or not. Results show that more than half of the articles proved that virtual reality technologies with gaming strategies can be used to learn a foreign language. It was also found that “learning” was the most evaluated dependent variable among the chosen records, augmented reality was the leading technology used, primary education and lower secondary was the most researched school stages, and the most used language to evaluate the use of gamified technology was by far the English language. Given the lack of directed investigation, it is recommended to use these technologies to support second language learning and not entirely replace traditional approaches. A research agenda is also proposed by the authors.


Author(s):  
Армандо Мажиа

В настоящей статье автор, преимущественно на материалах собственных многолетних полевых исследований, рассматривает в контексте современности малоизученную традиционную практику хлебопроизводства в Сардинии. Анализ особенностей этого древнейшего сектора локальной культуры он предваряет освещением специфики истории региона и принципов расселения в нем, значительно повлиявших на множественность разнообразных «типажей» хлеба, как повседневных, так и праздничных, показывает специфику их иконографии и декорирования, отличия их рецептуры и технологии производства, их «привязок» к конкретным поводам, событиям, верованиям и ритуалам. Помимо этнографической части, в исследовании присутствуют теоретико-методологические аспекты: автор задается вопросом о несовершенстве существующих систем классификации сардинских хлебов, о нерешенности вопроса их таксономирования и, апеллируя к примеру эмпирического материала Сардинии, предлагает иные пути и подходы к систематизации в антропологическом исследовании в целом, а в частности, переход от «монотетической» классификации к ретикулярной, ризоматической систематизации Based mainly on the author’s long-term field research, this article examines the littlestudied traditional practice of bread production in Sardinia in the context of modernity. The analysis of this, the oldest sector of local culture, is preceded by a history of the region and the nature of its settlement which influenced the multiplicity of various types of bread, both everyday and festive. The article explains the specifics of bread’s iconography and decoration, differences in recipes and technology of production, and its links to specific occasions, events, beliefs and rituals. In addition to ethnographic analysis, the study examines theoretical and methodological issues. The author considers problems with existing classification systems of Sardinian bread, discusses the unresolved issue of their taxonomy, and questions the general approach to systematization in anthropological research, and in particular, the transition from “monotheistic” classification to reticular, rhizomatic systematization. Key words: Sardinia, Mediterranean, bread, cooking technologies, species diversity.


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