scholarly journals Educational Literature in Russia of the 17th–18th Centuries as a Source for the History of Moral Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Chumakova ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Ovchinnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Society ◽  
Moral Concepts ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Moral World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Ethic ◽  
Ethical Significance ◽  
Conceptual Language ◽  
History Of Formation

The article analyses moral concepts in the educational literature and didactic manuals, which were popular in Russia in the seventeenth – eighteenth centuries. The main sources for the research are the following texts: ‘The Citizenship of Children’s Habits’ (translation of ‘De civilitate morum puerilium’ by Erasmus of Rotterdam), ‘The Honest Mirror of Youth’, ‘Iphika and Hieropolitic’, ‘Arithmetic’ by Leontiy Magnitsky, a translation of ‘Orbis sensu­alium pictus’ by John Amos Comenius, and ‘Didactic Philosophy’ by F.X. Baumeister. The chronological frames of the research are defined as a period of and active ‘appropria­tion’ of moral codes of the European good manners, and the shaping of the ethical language allowing to build both the outer forms of the moral life of the society, and its ethical reflec­tion. Taking into account the educational literature of that period, we may not only reveal its moral concepts, but also outline the general volume of new terms and their definitions. Moral concepts captured the rules of behaviour, moral characteristics of persons, the ethical significance of their labour, education, and upbringing. Studying the educational literature allows us to understand the role of the introduction of basic grammar, arithmetic, and other disciplines in the shaping of the new moral world in its integrity and diversity, to trace the history of formation of moral terms and concepts from didactic ethical compositions to the first manuals of the late eighteenth century, where ethic was presented as a specific field of philosophy. Thus, studying such various sources in the context of the ethic analyzes allows us to do a complex research of the basics of theoretical philosophical ethic in Russia, as well as the commonplace moral language of the Russian society of the epoch of Enlightenment. Largely thanks to these manuals, the categorical and conceptual language of morality was formed in Russian culture.

Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III as a place of memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11-1) ◽  
pp. 132-147
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Historical Representations

The main purpose of this article is to study the role of the Russian Museum in the formation of the historical consciousness of Russian society. In this context, the author examines the history of the creation of the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III and its pre-revolutionary collections that became the basis of this famous museum collection (in particular, the composition of the museum’s expositions for 1898 and 1915). Within the framework of the methodology proposed by the author, the works of art presented in the museum’s halls were selected and distributed according to the historical eras that they reflect, and a comparative analysis of changes in the composition of the expositions was also carried out. This approach made it possible to identify the most frequently encountered historical heroes, to consider the representation of their images in the museum’s expositions, and also to provide a systemic reconstruction of historical representations broadcast in its halls.

Agafonov’s Early Kharkiv Creative Period: Dialogue with the Theatre

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
V. Chechyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Partial Reconstruction ◽  
Theatrical Space ◽  
Native Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artistic Values ◽  
First Time ◽  
History Of Formation

This article is dedicated to the study of the nature of E. Agafonov’s creative ties with the theater – a topic that has been insufficiently covered in the native art history. The author’s field of view is set in the artist’s early Kharkiv period, marked as the years of 1905–1913. The article focuses on the exceptional role of E. Agafonov in the organization and the artistic practice of the first modernist theater “Blakytne Oko” in Kharkiv (1909–1911). Agafonov belonged to the constellation of masters who was very sensitive to the problem of evolving the artistic speech. He viewed the theater as a convincing platform for promoting and approving of the latest artistic values, discovered by Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Experiments in easel art (with color, plastic, line, techniques, materials, etc.), largely inspired by the work of D. Burliuk (1906–1908), were directly reflected in Agafonov’s stage practice, namely in numerous designs of the modernist productions based on plays by M. Maeterlinkc, A. Schnitzler, S. Pshybyshevsky and O. Blok. In turn, it was established that theatrical motives were reflected in E. Agafonov’s easel art, as well as in the art of the students of his artistic studio – O. Rybnikov, I. Terentyev, M. Sinyakova, and K. Storozhnichenko. In this regard, a special attention is given to the linocuts by F. Nadezhdin. It was found that the program of “total” design of theatrical space (stage and auditorium), as well as the implementation of production ideas in the cabaret theater “Blakytne Oko” were the result of the master’s fascination with the concepts of artistic synthesis, actualized in the era of Modern. Agafonov moved from dramatization of paintings (of A. Beklin, F. Malyavin, and O. Rodin) to staging experimental show-programs like “The Evening of Autumn”, “Visiting Pierrot” and “In the Middle of Nowhere”, partial reconstruction of which was undertaken for the first time by the author of the article. Agafonov was close to the idea of artistic synthesis, identified by him in F. Malyavin’s paintings, in V. Komissarzhevska’s theatre and I. Duncan’s choreography. The study of E. Agafanov’s theatrical art expands the understanding of the history of formation and development of Ukrainian scenography at the beginning of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals The Rumyantsev Museum’s History in Russian Memoir Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-517
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ya. Briskman
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
State Library

The article provides an analytical review of the memoirs on the history of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum (now the Russian State Library), which started with the collections of count N.P. Rumyantsev. The author considers the memories on the Rumyantsev Museum since its foundation in St. Petersburg in 1828, its transfer to Moscow, the activities of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev museums from 1862 to 1917. The author notes the role of memoir literature for the study of the history of librarianship. The article gives description of the sources containing the unique bibliogra­phic information, which reflects publications of me­moirs, diaries, letters about the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The article presents the history of the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum from St. Petersburg to Moscow and gives fragments from the memoirs of V.V. Stasov and “Diary” of V.F. Odoevsky about this event. The author also presents publications dedicated to the leaders of the Rumyantsev Museum and analytically discloses the memoirs placed in them. The article gives excerpts from memoirs, diaries, letters, which reflect the events and facts from the history of foundation and formation of the Rumyantsev Museum, the role of individuals who have made great contribution to the development of the Museum and its library. The author presents information from the memoirs, diary entries of readers about visiting the Rumyantsev library, their contribution to the accession of collections. The article also gives information about the publication of memoirs of the descendants of V.D. Golitsyn, the last Director of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums who became its first Soviet Director. The author reveals the potential of memoir materials for further research of the history of the Rumyantsev Museum and its library, its role in the history of culture and spiritual life of Russian society.

scholarly journals F.M. Dostoevsky and A.N. Ostrovsky in the process of learning about the people (1860s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-478
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. Mikhnovets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Common People ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The People ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
History Of Formation

The article examines the history of formation and development of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “soil concepts” in the 1860s in the light of his close attention to the work of Alexander Ostrovsky. Previously, researchers did not correlate the different positions of Ostrovsky and Dostoevsky in the writers’ shared process of the cognition of folk life. The main focus of the article is centered on revealing the dynamics of changes in Dostoevsky’s attitude towards the work of Ostrovsky: from the recognition of impartiality of the playwright’s portrayal of the Russian people to the belief of his misunderstanding of foundations of folk life and the conviction of the gradual increase in accusatory tones in its coverage, starting from the final resolution of the play Thunderstorm. The article identifies the areas of synchronicities and disagreements of the two writers from a problem-thematic standpoint. The work concludes that the main point of divergence in the writers’ understanding of the Russian people was, on the one hand, Dostoevsky’s certainty of the monolithic unity of the Russian people, anchored in the Orthodox faith, and, on the other, Ostrovsky’s idea that the fundamental crises of the mid-19th century encompass all strata of Russian society, without any exceptions. The idea of the significance of the Last Judgment in the life of the common people is identified as essential for Ostrovsky.

The History of Formation of the Japanese Collection in the National Library of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Philippov
Keyword(s):  
Main Topic ◽  
National Library ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Book ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
History Of Formation

The article introduces the history of the formation of the Japanese collection in the National Library of Russia. Materials in Japanese are available in various departments of the library; the article focuses on the largest collection of materials in Japanese, namely the Japanese collection of the Department of Asian and African Countries Literature (DAAСL). An attempt is made to briefly present two topics: firstly, the history of the Japanese collection and the department, and secondly, the history and sources of the acquisition and formation of the Japanese fund. Therefore, the article is divided into two sections. In both sections, the history of the DAAСL and the topic of international book exchange in the library are closely interconnected with the main topic of the article, the formation of the Japanese collection. The author also emphasizes the difficulties, negative factors and challenges faced by the fund and the library, not to underestimate the role of the Japanese collection of NLR, but to show what solutions were found throughout its history.

scholarly journals Российские академики XIX – начала XX века в собрании В.П. Сукачёва

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-215
Author(s):  
L.N. Snytko
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Art History ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial Academy

The article is devoted to the history of the collection of the Irkutsk Regional Art Museum named after V.P. Sukachev, which includes a unique collection of leading Russian artists of the 18th – 20th centuries. The formation of this collection became possible thanks to the founder of the museum V.P. Sukachev. A detailed analytical overview of the history of the collection is given; the factors contributing to its formation are highlighted, an art history analysis of the main works is carried out; the role of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts in the formation and development of national culture, in art education and the upbringing of Russian society is noted. The research uses methods: historical-genetic, comparative, as well as a set of art criticism methods. Статья посвящена истории собрания Иркутского художественного музея имени В.П. Сукачёва, которое включает в себя уникальную коллекцию ведущих отечественных художников XVIII–XX веков. Началом ее формирования Иркутск обязан основателю музея В.П. Сукачёву. Дается подробный очерк истории собрания; выделяются факторы, способствующие его формированию, проводится искусствоведческий анализ основных произведений; отмечается роль Императорской Академии художеств в формировании и развитии отечественной культуры, в художественном образовании и воспитании российского общества. В исследовании применяются методы: историко-генетический, компаративный, а также комплекс искусствоведческих методов.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Role of Forest Land in Samara Region as Environmental Protection and Land Degradation Prevention Factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Gabibulla Khasaev ◽  
Alexandr Vlasov ◽  
Dariya Vasilieva ◽  
Velta Parsova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Formation

The article discusses the current state of forest land, the history of formation of large tracts of forest in the Samara region and analyses some of the results of implementation of target programs to improve the forest cover in the region under the Kyoto Protocol. This program was designed for the period from 2006 to 2015, but in 2009 was discontinued. However, large segment of assets was allocated and a number of works was carried out. Currently the objectives of the programme to increase the forest cover in the territory of Samara region through the creation of tracts of forest are not achieved. Tree and shrub plantations play an important role in reducing the activity of processes of erosion, prevent degradation and desertification. Therefore, the problem of increasing forest cover, especially in the steppe zone of the region, to the level of the preindustrial era remains relevant and requires science-based measures for their solution.

scholarly journals KUIBYSHEV REGIONAL BRANCH OF THE NATURE PROTECTION SOCIETY: HISTORY OF ITS CREATION AND ACTIVITY IN THE 1950-1980s.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
E.D. Makeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional Branch

The article is devoted to the history of the Samara nature protection movement which was based on the Kuibyshev regional branch of the All-Russian Society for Nature Protection in the Soviet period. On the base on archival documents, the author examines the activities of the society in the Kuibyshev region, analyzes the role of the public in preserving the region’s natural resources, environmental education of citizens and solving other problems in the field of nature protection in the 1950s and 1980s.

scholarly journals A semiotic interpretation of national typology: the English, the Boers and ... the Russians (Ivan Goncharov’s Frigate Pallas)

Literator ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
H. Mondry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This article examines the text of renowned nineteenth century Russian travellers notes, The Frigate Pallada, by Ivan Goncharov, the author of Oblomov. Using the teachings of Victor Shklovsky, Yurij Tynianov and Yurij Lotman on the role of the genre of travellers notes in the history of Russian literature, the author examines the chapter on the Cape Province. She demonstrates that in his descriptions of the two nations of the Cape Province - the English and the Boers - Goncharov is applying that which is known to him - his own cultural model of the Russian society of the mid-nineteenth century. In his examination of differences between the English and the Boers Goncharov applies the ideological dichotomy between the Slavophiles and the Westernisers. Goncharov, by "inverting" the "dual model of Russian culture" (Lotman & Uspensky, 1984a) draws comparisons between the Russians of the Oblomov Slavophile type on the one hand, and the English on the other hand as the model for the improvement of the industry of the economically backward Russian nation. To Goncharov the Boers resemble the Oblomov, old world side of dichotomy, which by inversions of the dual model can fluctuate between "the good" and "the bad" categories.

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