Overcoming CO2 Injector Well Design and Completion Challenges in a Carbonate Reservoir for World's First Offshore Carbon Capture Storage CCS SE Asia Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh S. Picha ◽  
M. Azuan B. Abu Bakar ◽  
Parimal A. Patil ◽  
Faiz A. Abu Bakar ◽  
Debasis P. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Well Design

Abstract Oil & Gas Operators are focusing on zero carbon emission to comply with government's changing rules and regulations, which play an important role in the encouragement of carbon capture initiatives. This paper aims to give insights on the world's first offshore CCS project in carbonate reservoir, where wells will be drilled to inject CO2, and store produced CO2 from contaminated fields. To safeguard the storage containment, the integrity of all wells needs to be scrutinized. Development wells in the identified depleted gas field are more than 40 years old and were not designed with consideration of high CO2 concentration in the reservoir. In consequence, the possibility of well leakage due to accelerated corrosion channeling and cracks, along the wellbore cannot be ignored and require careful evaluation. Rigorous process has been adopted in assessing the feasibility for converting existing gas producers into CO2 injectors. The required defined basis of designs for gas producer and CO2 injection wells differs in a great extent and this governs the re-usability of wells for CO2 injection or necessity to be abandoned. Three (3) new CO2 injectors with fat to slim design approach, corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) material and CO2 resistant cement are designed in view to achieve lifecycle integrity. Optimum angle of 53 deg and maintaining the injection pressure of 50 bar at 90 MSCFD rate is required for the injection of supercritical CO2 for 20 years. During well execution, challenges such as anti-collision risk, total loss scenarios while drilling in Carbonate reservoir need to be addressed before execution. The completion design is also focusing on having minimal number of completion jewelries to reduce pressure differential and potential leak paths from tubing hangar down to the end of lower completion. The selection of downhole safety valve (TRSV) type is of high importance to accommodate CO2 phase attributes at different pressure/temperature. Fiber Optic is included for monitoring the migration of CO2 plume by acquiring seismic survey and for well integrity by analyzing DAS/DTS data.

scholarly journals Beyond Carbon Steel: Detecting Wellbore Shape and Cavities, and Cement Imperfections in Cased Wells

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4211
Author(s):  
Timofey Eltsov ◽  
Tadeusz W. Patzek
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Gas Field

The non-corrosive, electrically resistive fiberglass casing materials may improve the economics of oil and gas field projects. At moderate temperatures (<120 °C), fiberglass casing is superior to carbon steel casing in applications that involve wet CO2 injection and/or production, such as carbon capture and storage, and CO2-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Without a perfect protective cement shell, carbon steel casing in contact with a concentrated formation brine corrodes and the fiberglass casing is superior again. Fiberglass casing enables electromagnetic logging for exploration and reservoir monitoring, but it requires the development of new logging methods. Here we present a technique for the detection of integrity of magnetic cement behind resistive fiberglass casing. We demonstrate that an optimized induction logging tool can detect small changes in the magnetic permeability of cement through a non-conductive casing in a vertical (or horizontal) well. We determine both the integrity and solidification state of the cement-filled annulus behind the casing. Changes in magnetic permeability influence mostly the real part of the vertical component of the magnetic field. The signal amplitude is more sensitive to a change in the magnetic properties of the cement, rather than the signal phase. Our simulations showed that optimum separation between the transmitter and receiver coils ranged from 0.25 to 0.6 m, and the most suitable magnetic field frequencies varied from 0.1 to 10 kHz. A high-frequency induction probe operating at 200 MHz can measure the degree of solidification of cement. The proposed method can detect borehole cracks filled with cement, incomplete lift of cement, casing eccentricity, and other borehole inhomogeneities.

Tracer Design and Gas Monitoring of a CO2 Injection Experiment at the ECCSEL CO2 Field Lab, Svelvik, Norway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Wolfgang Weber ◽  
Katja Heeschen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Martin Raphaug ◽  
Klaus Hagby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Flux Chamber ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Injection Experiment

&lt;p&gt;The ECCSEL Svelvik CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Field Lab outside Oslo has been set up for water and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; injection experiments. At the site, ongoing and future investigations on monitoring techniques for carbon capture and storage (CCS) shall support the development of CCS as a climate change mitigation technology in Norway.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2019, four 100 m deep injection wells with a sophisticated physical monitoring setup were established. For chemical monitoring a fluid sampling system at injection depth was installed and coupled to a continuously measuring mass spectrometer for observing CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; distribution. Alongside, a network of soil gas flux chambers (LI-COR 8100) were set up to monitor possible surface leakages.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The field lab is placed in a sand quarry within the Svelvik Ridge consisting of Holocene, siliciclastic sediments. Injection is conducted into a saltwater aquifer at 65m, supposedly sealed by clay strata. We sampled the upper fresh water aquifer at 6.5m depth and the storage aquifer at 64 - 65 m depth on dissolved gases before injection in order to design a noble gas tracer for the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; injection experiment. Elevated helium concentrations in the saline aquifer indicate natural radiogenic accumulation; meanwhile krypton concentrations were not naturally increased.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During an injection experiment in fall 2019, we added noble gases, i.e. krypton and helium, in two subsequent injection cycles, three days and one week, respectively. Outgassing was observed and high helium concentrations verified a leakage at the injection well, which we quantified with a flux chamber.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil-Gas Concentrations and Flux Monitoring at the Lacq-Rousse CO2-Geological Storage Pilot Site (French Pyrenean Foreland): From Pre-Injection to Post-Injection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérick Gal ◽  
Zbigniew Pokryszka ◽  
Nadège Labat ◽  
Karine Michel ◽  
Stéphane Lafortune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Pilot Site ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Near Surface

Soil-gas concentrations and flux were measured during 20 separate measurement campaigns at the TOTAL Lacq-Rousse carbon capture and storage (CCS) pilot site, southern France, where 51,000 tons of CO2 were injected in a depleted natural gas field. Baseline data (September 2008 to December 2009) are compared to monitoring data from the injection (March 2010 to March 2013) and post-injection (February 2014 to December 2015) periods. CO2 soil-gas concentrations varied from atmospheric concentrations to more than 16% vol. with 1.4% as median value. Summer data showed high CO2 concentrations in the soil that remained quite high during winter. Median CO2 flux at the soil/atmosphere interface was close to 4.4 cm3·min−1·m−2. Carbon-isotope ratios measured on CO2 in soil gas had a mean value of −23.5 ± 3.1‰, some deviation being due to atmospheric CO2. Comparison between different gas species and the influence of temperature, pressure and soil-water content suggest that gases in near-surface environments are produced locally and naturally, and are unrelated to CO2 ascending from the storage reservoir. Monitoring of CO2 injection and the use of threshold levels is discussed as part of a practical approach considering specific regulations for the Lacq-Rousse CCS pilot experiment and constraints for the site operator.

scholarly journals CO2 Storage in Low Permeable Carbonate Reservoirs: Permeability and Interfacial Tension (IFT) Changes During CO2 Injection in an Iranian Carbonate Reservoir

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-504
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afkhami Karaei ◽  
Bizhan Honarvar ◽  
Amin Azdarpour ◽  
Erfan Mohammadian
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Permeability Alteration

The lack of fundamental experimental studies on low permeable carbonate reservoirs for CO2 sequestration purposes is essential for further application of CO2 sequestration as a highly-anticipated CO2 mitigation method in deep saline aquifers, specifically those with low permeabilities. The core samples were taken from a carbonate reservoir in Iran and the brine composition was based on that of the same formation. The objective of this study is to investigate permeability alteration during CO2 sequestration in the aquifers of a low permeable Iranian carbonate reservoir. Various parameters have been investigated. The effects of different parameters such as injection pressure, confining pressure, and temperature on permeability alteration of the cores was investigated. Moreover, the interfacial tension (IFT) of CO2/brine was also determined at pressures and temperatures up to 7 MPa and 100 °C, respectively. The experimental results showed CO2 solubility and rock dissolution to be the governing mechanism when CO2 was injected into carbonate cores. The permeability measurements showed that permeability increases by increasing injection pressure and decreases by increasing confining pressure and temperature. The IFT measurement results showed that the IFT decreases significantly when there is an increase in pressure and temperature.

scholarly journals Evaluating Reservoir Risks and Their Influencing Factors during CO2 Injection into Multilayered Reservoirs

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Shi ◽  
Bing Bai ◽  
Haiqing Wu ◽  
Xiaochun Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Rate Distribution ◽  
Injection Flow ◽  
And Storage

Wellbore and site safety must be ensured during CO2 injection into multiple reservoirs during carbon capture and storage projects. This study focuses on multireservoir injection and investigates the characteristics of the flow-rate distribution and reservoir-risk evaluation as well as their unique influences on multireservoir injection. The results show that more CO2 enters the upper layers than the lower layers. With the increase in injection pressure, the risks of the upper reservoirs increase more dramatically than those of the low reservoirs, which can cause the critical reservoir (CR) to shift. The CO2 injection temperature has a similar effect on the injection flow rate but no effect on the CR’s location. Despite having no effect on the flow-rate distribution, the formation-fracturing pressures in the reservoirs determine which layer becomes the CR. As the thickness or permeability of a layer increases, the inflows exhibit upward and downward trends in this layer and the lower layers, respectively, whereas the inflows of the upper layers remain unchanged; meanwhile, the risks of the lower layer and those of the others decrease and remain constant, respectively. Compared to other parameters, the reservoir porosities have a negligible effect on the reservoir risks and flow-rate distributions.

Offshore MMV Planning for Sustainability of CO2 Storage in a Depleted Carbonate Reservoir, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Debasis Priyadarshan Das ◽  
Parimal Arjun Patil ◽  
Prasanna Chidambaram ◽  
Zoann Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Plume Migration ◽  
Co2 Plume ◽  
The Impact

Abstract CO2 sequestration is a process for eternity with a possibility of zero-degree failure. Monitoring, Measurement and Verification (MMV) planning of CO2 sequestration is crucial along with geological site selection, transportation and injection process. Several geological formations have been evaluated in the past for potential storage site which divulges the containment capacity of identified large, depleted gas reservoirs as well as long term conformance. Offshore environment makes MMV plan challenging and demands rigorous integration of monitoring technologies to optimize project economic and involved logistics. The role of MMV is critical for sustainability of the CO2 storage project as it ensures that injected CO2 in the reservoir is intact and safely stored for hundreds of years post-injection. Field specific MMV technologies for CO2 plume migration with proactive approach were identified after exercising pre-defined screening criteria. Marine CO2 dispersion study is carried out to confirm the impact of any potential leakage along existing wells and faults, and to understand the CO2 behavior in marine environment in the event of leakage. Study incorporates integration of G&G subsurface and Meta-Ocean & Environment data along with other leakage character information. Multi-Fiber Optic Sensors System (M-FOSS) to be installed in injector wells for monitoring well & reservoir integrity, overburden integrity and monitoring of early CO2 plume migration by acquiring & analyzing the distributed sensing data (DTS/DPS/DAS/DSS). Based on 3D couple modeling, a maximum injection rate of approximately 200 MMscfd of permeate stream produced from a high CO2 contaminated gas field can be achieved. Injectivity studies indicate that over 100 MMSCFD of CO2 injection rates into depleted gas reservoir is possible from a single injector. Injectivity results are integrated with dynamic simulation to determine number and location of injector wells. 3D DAS-VSP simulation results show that a subsurface coverage of approximately 3 km2 per well is achievable, which along with simulated CO2 plume extent help to determine the number of wells required to get maximum monitoring coverage for the MMV planning. As planned injector wells are field centric and storage site area is large, DAS-VSP find limited coverage to monitor the CO2 plume. To overcome this challenge, requirement of surface seismic acquisition survey is recommended for full field monitoring. An integrated MMV plan is designed for cost-effective long-term offshore monitoring of CO2 plume migration. The present study discusses the impacting parameters which make the whole process environmentally sustainable, economically viable and adhering to national and international regulations.

Humidified Micro Gas Turbine for Carbon Capture Applications: Preliminary Experimental Results With CO2 Injection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Giorgetti ◽  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Francesco Contino ◽  
Laurent Bricteux ◽  
Ward De Paepe
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exhaust Gas

The large adoption of renewable energies is crucial to achieve a low-carbon economy, however, in the transition period, a flexible and clean production from fossil fuels is still necessary. With the current shift towards decentralized power production, micro Gas Turbines (mGTs) appear as a promising technology for small-scale generation. The target of a carbon-clean power production calls for the implementation of Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS) technologies. Compared to coal fired power production, the low CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas of a mGT makes Carbon Capture (CC) much more expensive. However, the CO2 concentration can be increased by performing Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), therefore reducing the CC energy penalty. Additionally, cycle humidification can also help to increase the electrical efficiency of the turbine plant. Nevertheless, the higher CO2 content in the inlet air, in combination with the high humidity level, will affect the operation of the mGT. This paper presents a numerical study of this innovative cycle combined with preliminary experimental validation of CO2 injection. To the authors’ best knowledge, experimental analysis of EGR together with humidification applied to a mGT has never been carried out. Experimental results showed a stable turbo-machinery operation under a moderate CO2 injection. The results of this paper are a first step towards a more severe dilution conditions, with the aim of a full implementation of EGR on a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT).

scholarly journals S-wave experiments for the exploration of a deep geothermal carbonate reservoir in the German Molasse Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Wawerzinek ◽  
Hermann Buness ◽  
Hartwig von Hartmann ◽  
David C. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Molasse Basin ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Conversion Point ◽  
Facies Classification

AbstractThere are many successful geothermal projects that exploit the Upper Jurassic aquifer at 2–3 km depth in the German Molasse Basin. However, up to now, only P-wave seismic exploration has been carried out. In an experiment in the Greater Munich area, we recorded S-waves that were generated by the conventional P-wave seismic survey, using 3C receivers. From this, we built a 3D volume of P- to S-converted (PS) waves using the asymptotic conversion point approach. By combining the P-volume and the resulting PS-seismic volume, we were able to derive the spatial distribution of the vp/vs ratio of both the Molasse overburden and the Upper Jurassic reservoir. We found that the vp/vs ratios for the Molasse units range from 2.0 to 2.3 with a median of 2.15, which is much higher than previously assumed. This raises the depth of hypocenters of induced earthquakes in surrounding geothermal wells. The vp/vs ratios found in the Upper Jurassic vary laterally between 1.5 and 2.2. Since no boreholes are available for verification, we test our results against an independently derived facies classification of the conventional 3D seismic volume and found it correlates well. Furthermore, we see that low vp/vs ratios correlate with high vp and vs velocities. We interpret the latter as dolomitized rocks, which are connected with enhanced permeability in the reservoir. We conclude that 3C registration of conventional P-wave surveys is worthwhile.

Overview of Axial Compression Technology for Direct Capture of CO2

2013 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xian Malcolm Chan ◽  
Eng Hwa Yap ◽  
Jee Hou Ho
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compression ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Direct Capture ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Storage

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the global leading methods that could potentially retard the speed of climate change. However, CCS on point sources can only slowdown the rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. In order to mitigate CO2 released by previous emissions, a more proactive alternative is proposed where CO2 is directly extracted and captured from air Direct Air Capture (DAC). This paper presents a technical overview from our current research of a novel DAC concept which features a phase of axial compression to adapt pre-capture atmospheric air to a level suitable for carbon capture. Also detailed in the paper is the feasibility study addressing several key issues: the energy consumption and overall capturing efficiency of the proposed DAC system.

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