scholarly journals Comparison of Easydo Activator, Ultrasonic and Needle Irrigation Techniques on Sealer Penetration in Extracted Human Teeth

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tan ◽  
Ying-Hui Zhou ◽  
Yao Feng ◽  
Qin Ye ◽  
Shao-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Maximum Penetration

Abstract This study compared the effects of different irrigation systems on sealer penetration at the root apex. Forty-two single-rooted teeth were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n = 14): group 1: needle irrigation (NI); group 2: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); and group 3: Easydo Activator (EA). A solution of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used for irrigation. Nine teeth in each group were filled with AH Plus sealer mixed with CY5 fluorescent dye and a single gutta-percha cone. The sealer penetration area, maximum penetration depth and percentage of sealer penetration at 5 mm and 1 mm from the apex were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The remaining 5 teeth in each group were subjected to test smear layer scores by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CLSM evaluation showed that increases in the area, depth and percentage of sealer penetration were detected at 1 mm and 5 mm from the root apex in the PUI group compared with the NI group, and greater increases were observed in the EA group (P < 0.05). The SEM experiment showed that the lowest scores for the smear layer and debris removal were achieved by the EA group when compared with the PUI and NI groups (P < 0.05). Our study supports EA was superior to PUI and NI regarding sealer penetration at the root apex during endodontic treatment, and it could provide a new technical idea for clinical root canal therapy.

scholarly journals Dentinal Tubule Penetration of a Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealer Using a Specific Calcium Fluorophore

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Viviane Siqueira Coronas ◽  
Natália Villa ◽  
Angela Longo do Nascimento ◽  
Pedro Henrique Marks Duarte ◽  
Ricardo Abreu da Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Tubule Penetration

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate penetrability on dentinal tubule of a new bioceramic sealer through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A specific fluorophore (Fluo-3) was mixed with the sealer. Forty distobuccal roots from maxillary molars were selected, and root canal preparation was carried out with Wave One Gold # 35.06 instruments. Roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to the filling procedures: Bioceramic/Lentulo (Sealer Plus BC); Bioceramic/EasyClean group, three activation of the sealer (3x20 s) with Easy Clean instrument; Bioceramic/Irrisonic: ultrasonic activation for 30 s; and AHplus/Lentulo: epoxy resin based sealer (AH Plus) was utilized with the same protocol as the BC/LE group. After 72 h, specimens were transversally sectioned at 2 and 7 mm from root apex and then analyzed through CLSM. Sealer penetration area on dentinal tubule was measured by Adobe Photoshop CC2018. Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon T tests were carried out. Penetrability results were similar for both sealers regardless of which technique was performed to activate them inside the root canal (p>0.05). It is reasonable to conclude that penetration of bioceramic and epoxy resin based sealers occurred unimpressively. The type of instrument used to activate bioceramic sealer did not affect penetrability. Fluo 3 should be recommended as the fluorophore to evaluate dentinal tubule penetration of bioceramic sealers.

scholarly journals Different biomechanical preparation protocols on the penetration and bond strength of the filling material to dentin

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Luciana Martins Domingues de Macedo ◽  
Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa ◽  
Orestes Olivato Junior ◽  
Adrielle Fracaroli Baltazar ◽  
Fuad Jacob Abi Rached-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Push Out

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different instruments and mechanisms of agitation of the irrigating solution on the penetration by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the bond strength (BS) of the filling material to the dentin by push-out test. Human premolars were distributed in two experimental groups (n=30), according to the instrumentation system: ProTaper Next (PN) or XP-endo Shaper (XS) and three irrigation protocol (n=10): NaviTip (Nv), XP-endo Finisher (XF), passive ultrasonic irrigation/ XP-endo Finisher (PUIXF). The 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA were the irrigating solutions used. The filling was performed using a lateral condensation technique, with AH Plus added to 0.1% rodhamine B. The roots were sectioned, obtaining 2 slices for each third of the root. The first slice was submitted to the sealer penetration analysis and the push-out test. The second slice was submitted to qualitative analysis (SEM) of the union interface. For the penetration (%) Tukey showed that PNXF (82.38±13.48), PNPUIXF (82.48± 12.02), XSXF (82.24±11.28) and XSPUIXP (86.23±10.45) presented the highest values, different (p<0.05) from PNNv (68.29±15.12) and XSNv (71.41±16.50). The BS (MPa) test evidenced that in the cervical third, PNPF (4.92±1.04) and XPSPF (5.03±0.70) obtained the highest values differing from the others groups (p<0.05). CSLM and SEM showed greater penetration of the sealer on the entire length of the root canal when the irrigation solution was stirred. In conclusion that the association PUI and XP-endo Finisher favored the penetration and bond strength of the filling material to the root dentin.

scholarly journals The Penetration Ability of Calcium Silicate Root Canal Sealers into Dentinal Tubules Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemi Kim ◽  
Ban-Suk Kim ◽  
Yong-Min Kim ◽  
Donghee Lee ◽  
Sin-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Single Cone ◽  
Penetration Ability ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Root Canal Sealers ◽  
Apical Area

The purpose of this study was to compare the penetration ability of calcium silicate root canal sealers and conventional resin-based sealer using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A total of 60 recently extracted single-rooted human premolars were used in this study. The root canals were prepared to a size 40/0.06 taper with ProFile rotary instruments and irrigated with NaOCl and EDTA. After drying all canals, the specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 20): Group 1, gutta-percha (GP)/AH Plus with continuous wave compaction; group 2, GP/BioRoot RCS with a single-cone technique; and group 3, GP/Endoseal MTA with a single-cone technique. All experimental samples were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis using a low-speed diamond wheel at the apical, middle, and coronal third levels. The penetration abilities of all samples were evaluated using CLSM. A Kruskal–Wallis analysis and a series of Mann–Whitney U post hoc tests were performed. A higher intensity level was found in the coronal area and a lower intensity level in the apical area in all the experimental groups. The AH Plus group showed higher sum fluorescence intensity in the apical and coronal thirds compared with the BioRoot RCS and Endoseal MTA groups, whereas the BioRoot RCS group showed a higher intensity level in the middle third, similar to the AH Plus group. The maximum sealer penetration depth was low in the apical area and high in the coronal area in the AH Plus and Endoseal MTA groups. In the BioRoot RCS group, maximum sealer penetration was observed in the middle third. In conclusion, there were significant differences in sealer penetration pattern and distance according to the root level and sealer type.

scholarly journals Evaluation of four final irrigation protocols for cleaning root canal walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Zou ◽  
Lin Yue
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Canal Systems

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of four final irrigation protocols in smear layer removal and bacterial inhibition in root canal systems. Thirty roots inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis were prepared with ProTaper Universal files. The teeth were disinfected by conventional needle irrigation, sonic agitation using the EndoActivator device, passive ultrasonic irrigation, or an M3 Max file. Teeth with no root canal preparation served as blank controls for the establishment of the infection baseline. Teeth with preparation but no final irrigation served as a post-instrumentation baseline. After the final irrigation, the teeth were sectioned in half. One half of each tooth was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess smear layer removal using a five-point scale. The other half was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using the LIVE/DEAD BackLight bacterial viability kit to evaluate the depth of bacterial survival in dentinal tubules. SEM analysis revealed no significant difference in smear layer removal throughout the whole canal among the EA, PUI, and M3 Max groups (P > 0.05). CLSM revealed that PUI achieved the greatest bacterial inhibition depth in the coronal ((174.27 ± 31.63) μm), middle ((160.94 ± 37.77) μm), and apical ((119.53 ± 28.49) μm) thirds of the canal (all P < 0.05 vs. other groups). According to this comprehensive SEM and CLSM evaluation, PUI appears to have the best infection control ability in root canal systems.

scholarly journals The Invasion of Bacterial Biofilms into the Dentinal Tubules of Extracted Teeth Retrofilled with Fluorescently Labeled Retrograde Filling Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6996
Author(s):  
Eyal Rosen ◽  
Shlomo Elbahary ◽  
Sohad Haj-Yahya ◽  
Lotof Jammal ◽  
Hagay Shemesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Retrograde Filling ◽  
Root Apices

In this study, we evaluated the invasion of bacteria into the dentinal tubules of retrofilled extracted human teeth, and the influence of different fluorescently labeled retrograde filling materials on the bacterial invasion and viability, by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The root apices of extracted teeth were cut, prepared, and filled retrogradely using either intermediate restorative material (IRM), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), or Biodentine. The roots were filled with Enterococcus faecalis bacteria from their coronal part for 21 days. Then, 3-mm-long apical segments were cut to get root axial slices, and the bacteria were fluorescently stained and evaluated by CLSM. Bacterial penetration into the dentinal tubules favored the bucco-lingual directions. The filling materials penetrated up to 957 µm into the tubuli, and the bacteria, up to 1480 µm (means: 130 and 167 μm, respectively). Biodentine fillings penetrated less and the associated bacteria penetrated deeper into the tubuli compared to MTA or IRM (p = 0.004). Deeper filling penetration was associated with shallower penetration of both dead and live, or live alone, bacteria (p = 0.015). In conclusion, the current study enables better understanding of the microbiological–pathological course after endodontic surgical procedures. It was found that even with retrograde fillings, bacteria invade deep into the dental tubules, where deeper filling penetration prevents deeper penetration of the bacteria and adversely affects the viability of the bacteria.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of chitosan-propolis nanoparticle against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in the root canal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Parolia ◽  
Haresh Kumar Kumar ◽  
Srinivasan Ramamurthy ◽  
Allan Pau
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I

Abstract Background To determine the antibacterial effect of chitosan-propolis nanoparticle (CPN) as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal. Methods 240 extracted human teeth were sectioned to obtain 6mm of the middle third of the root. The root canal was enlarged to an internal diameter of 0.9mm. The specimens were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Following this, specimens were randomly divided into eight groups ( n=30 ) according to the intracanal medicament placed: group I: saline, groupII: chitosan, group III: propolis100 µg/ml (P100), group IV: propolis 250 µg/ml (P250), group V: chitosan-propolis nanoparticle 100µg/ml (CPN100), group VI: chitosan-propolis nanoparticle 250 µg/ml (CPN250), group VII: calcium hydroxide(CH) and group VIII: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel. Dentine shavings were collected at 200 and 400 μm depths, and total numbers of CFUs were determined at the end of day one, three and seven. The non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the differences in reduction of CFUs between all groups and probability values of P < 0.05 were set as the reference for statistically significant results. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were also performed after exposure to CPNs. The effectiveness of CPNs were also evaluated against E. faecalis isolated obtained from patients having failed root canal treatment. Results Reduction in the number of colony‐forming units was statistically significant in all groups compared to saline (p <.05). On day one and three, at 200 and 400-μm, CPN250 showed significant reduction of CFUs compared to all other groups (p <.05), while CPN100 was significantly better than other groups (p <.05) except CPN250 and CHX. On day seven, at 200-μm CPN250 showed significant reduction of CFUs compared to all other groups (p <.05) except CPN100 and CHX, while at 400 μm CPN250 showed similar effectiveness as CPN100, CH and CHX. SEM and CLSM images also showed the maximum reduction of E. faecalis with CPN250. Conclusion CPN250 was the most effective in reducing E. faecalis colonies on day one, three at both depths and at day seven CPN250 was equally effective as CPN100 and CHX.

scholarly journals Correlation between Bond Strength to Dentin and Sealers Penetration by Push-Out Test and CLSM Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
Maybell Tedesco ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Chain ◽  
Wilson Tadeu Felippe ◽  
Ana Maria Hecke Alves ◽  
Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Push Out

Abstract This study correlated the bond strength (BS) and dentin penetration of different sealers by push-out test and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) analysis. Forty-five root canals were prepared according to the crown-down technique and filled with gutta-percha associated to the following sealers (n=15): Endofill, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Five canals of each group were filled with the sealers added with 0.1% Rhodamine B dye. Next, the specimens were transversely sectioned and submitted to the push-out test (n=10) and CLSM analysis (n=5). The BS data showed the following means (MPa) and standard deviation: AH Plus (4.17±1.86); MTA Fillapex (3.13±1.96) and Endofill (2.10±1.03). Statistical analysis (two-way ANOVA, α=0.05) showed significant difference among sealers (p<0.001) and root canal thirds (p<0.001). The BS results of Endofill and MTA Fillapex were statistically similar (p>0.05), however, they were statistically different from AH Plus (p<0.001). The regional analysis of BS showed similarity between middle and apical thirds (p>0.05), and both were different from coronal portion (p<0.001). CLSM analysis verified tags formation in all groups and higher penetration of the specimens filled with AH Plus (p<0.05). The Kendall test (correlation between BS to dentin and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules) and the Pearson test (between failures pattern and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules) did not show correlation between the variables evaluated for all the tested sealers (p>0.05). AH Plus group had higher BS to dentin, and deeper tags formation than the other sealers. There was no significant correlation between BS and intratubular penetration of the tested sealers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Final Irrigation Regimens on the Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Three Different Root Canal Sealers: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study In Vitro

Scanning ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tufan Ozasir ◽  
Birgul Eren ◽  
Kamran Gulsahi ◽  
Mete Ungor
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Tubule Penetration ◽  
Root Canal Sealers

This study evaluated the effects of different final irrigation regimens on the dentin tubule penetration of three different root canal sealers using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A total of 160 single-rooted extracted mandibular premolar teeth were divided into five groups ( n = 32 each) according to the solution used in the final rinse protocol, as follows: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (group 1), 17% EDTA and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) (group 2), 7% maleic acid (MA) (group 3), 7% MA and 2% CHX (group 4), and 5.25% NaOCl (group 5). Two roots from each group were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize smear layer removal. Experimental groups were then split randomly into three subgroups ( n = 10 ) and obturated using a cold lateral condensation technique with 0.1% rhodamine B-labelled sealers [either AH Plus (group A), EndoREZ (group E), or Tech BioSealer Endo (group T)] and gutta-percha. Specimens were sectioned and observed by CLSM to evaluate the percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration at the apical, middle, and coronal levels. Statistical comparison was performed on grouped (apical, middle, and coronal segments) and ungrouped data using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test ( p < 0.01 ). AH Plus showed the greatest tubule penetration while Tech BioSealer Endo showed the least. Resin-based sealers displayed deeper and more consistent penetration. CHX irrigation positively influenced sealer tubule penetration.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Various Final Irrigation Techniques on Sealer Penetration in Curved Roots: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ayca Yilmaz ◽  
Turgut Y. Yalcin ◽  
Dilek Helvacioglu-Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Curved Root Canals

Objective. To compare the efficacy of various techniques used for final irrigation on sealer penetration in the apical one-third of curved root canals. Material and Methods. Sixty-five freshly extracted maxillary first molar teeth with mesiobuccal roots having more than 20° of root curvature were used. The root canals were instrumented and randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group. In the 4 experimental groups, 3 ml of 17% EDTA followed by 3 ml of 5.25% NaOCl was delivered with the use of the following protocols: Group 1: manual dynamic activation (MDA), Group 2: sonic irrigation (SI), Group 3: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and Group 4: conventional needle irrigation (CI). All teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer labeled with fluorescent dye. Transverse sections at 2 mm and 4 mm distance from the root apex were examined with the aid of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Total percentage (%) and maximum depth (μm) of sealer penetration were measured. Results. All the experimental groups exhibited significantly higher penetration rates than the control group at both sections (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the penetration depth and percentage among the four experimental groups evaluated at both sections (p>0.05). Conclusion. PUI, SI, and MDA did not significantly improve sealer penetration in the apical portion of curved root canals when compared to conventional needle irrigation.

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