scholarly journals Influence of Kappaphycus Alvarezii and Gracilaria Salicornia Supplementation on in Vitro Fermentation Pattern, Total Gas and Methane Production of Mixed Substrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithal K. Munde ◽  
Asit Das ◽  
Putan Singh ◽  
Ashok K. Verma ◽  
Nirmala Muwel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mixed Substrates ◽  
Gracilaria Salicornia ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Pattern

Abstract This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) and Gracilaria salicornia (GS) in vitro fermentation pattern, total gas and methane production of mixed substrates. Basal substrate comprising of concentrates and wheat straw (50:50) was supplemented with either 0% (control), 1 (KA1), 2 (KA2), 4 (KA4), 6 (KA6), and 8 % (KA8) of Kappaphycus; and, 1 (GS1), 2 (GS2), 4 (GS4), 6 (GS6), and 8 (GS8 ) of Gracilaria, respectively. Asymptote, rate constant of gas production and t-half, concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected up to 2% level KA supplementation, beyond which asymptote, and rate constant of gas production, TVFA, and IVDMD decreased and t-half increased (P<0.001). Asymptote, rate constant of gas production, TVFA and IVDMD was not affected at 1% level of inclusion, beyond which a steady decline in these parameters was observed (P<0.001). Methane production (ml/g DM) was higher (P<0.001) in CON, followed by KA1 and KA2, and lower values were observed in by KA4, KA6 and KA8. Methane production (ml/kg DM) declined (P<0.001) steadily with increased level of GS in the substrates. From the results it was concluded that inclusion of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria salicornia at 2 and 1%, respectively in the fermentation substrate can reduce in vitro methane production without any adverse impact on total gas production and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

Methane production and in vitro digestibility of low quality forages treated with a protease or a cellulase

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
J. M. Cantet ◽  
D. Colombatto ◽  
G. Jaurena
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to assess the impact of application of two enzyme mixtures on the in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fibre digestibility, net cumulative gas production and methane production after 24 h of incubation of Milium coloratum (formely Panicum coloratum) and a Patagonian meadow grassland. A protease (Protex 6-L) and a fibrolytic enzyme (Rovabio) were assessed at three application rates (30, 60 and 90 mg/100 mL of distiller water) on the substrates. Meadow samples were higher to Milium ones (P < 0.05) for in vitro dry matter digestibility and net cumulative gas production at 24 h. Nevertheless, Milium was ~11% higher than meadow (P < 0.05) for methane when expressed as a proportion of digested dry matter (g/kg). Rovabio did not induce differences in any variable, but the addition of Protex reduced (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility in both substrates without bringing about differences in methane production. Collectively, the addition of these enzymes did not benefit in vitro ruminal fermentation of low quality forages.

scholarly journals PSII-5 Chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility, gas production and methane emission of maintenance, growth and production diets/rations of buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 408-408
Author(s):  
Uchenna Anele ◽  
Sultan Singh ◽  
B P Kushwaha ◽  
P K Gupta ◽  
S Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

Abstract Ten types of diets were prepared to meet the nutrient requirements of buffaloes for maintenance (MD1 to MD10), growth (GD1 to GD10) and production/lactation (PD1 to PD10). A total of 30 diets were evaluated for chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane production, and dry matter (DM) disappearance using buffalo rumen liquor. The CNCPS was used to estimate the carbohydrate and protein fractions. Protein fractions PB1 and PB2 of maintenance diets were lower (P &lt; 0.05) than growth and production diets, while protein fractions (PB3) and Pc were (P &lt; 0.05) higher in maintenance than in growth and production diets. Mean values of PA was (P &lt; 0.05) higher in growth diets (136.9) than production (114.8) and maintenance diets (105.6 g/kg DM). Maintenance diets had (P &lt; 0.05) higher structural carbohydrate contents (586.2 g/kg DM) than production diets (513.0 g/kg DM). Carbohydrate fraction (CB1) was highest (P &lt; 0.05) in production diets (187.2 g/kg DM) followed by growth (129.5 g/kg DM) and maintenance diets (96.1 g/kg DM). In vitro gas production at different time periods (12, 24 and 48 h) was similar for maintenance (63.04, 51.98 and 48.15 ml/g DM), growth (63.83, 52.73 and 48.250) and production diets (63.51, 52.54 and 47.21 ml/g DM). Cumulative methane production was numerically lower for maintenance (28.40 ml/g DM) than growth (29.58 ml/g DM) and production diets (33.13 ml/g DM). In vitro methane production as a proportion of degraded DM (ml/g DDM and g/kg DDM) was similar for maintenance (14.21 and 29.53), growth (42.19 and 30.25) and production diets (41.26 and 29.58). Dietary chemical constituents such as EE, lignin, NDIN, ADIN and PB3 and Cc were (P &lt; 0.05) negatively associated with methane production, while OM, NPN, SP, PA and PB1, TCHO and CB2 were positively (P &lt; 0.05) correlated with methane production.

scholarly journals Effects of Microalgae Species on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Pattern and Methane Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Sucu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to establish the effects of two types of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris (AI), C. variabilis (AII) and their combination (AI+AII)] with two substrates (wheat and corn silages) on rumen fermentation, gas and methane production. To each substrate, one of 3 algae treatment was supplemented at 0% and 25% of the total incubated dry matter. A series of 5 measurement points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) were completed and the gas production was monitored. The proximate and mineral composition of microalgae and substrates were examined. At 48 h incubation rumen fermentation variables and CH4 production were also assessed. When compared with wheat silage, corn silage caused an increase in gas production (P<0.05). Ruminal gas production decreased in the algae groups when compared to the controls (0% algae, wheat and corn silages, P<0.05). Among algae, C. vulgaris had the strongest effect, decreasing gas production by 34%. Among algae, the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production were found to be lower in C. variabilis (P<0.001). Ammonia-N increased with the algae inclusion (P<0.05). But, the ruminal gas production, pH, acetate, the total VFA, CH4 and rumen fermentation efficiency were not affected by the substrate and algae interaction (P>0.05). The propionate was the highest (P<0.05) for corn silage when incubated with C. vulgaris. Ruminal butyrate was the lowest for the wheat silage when incubated with the mixture of algae (P<0.05). The NH3-N was the highest in corn silage when incubated with all algae types (P<0.05). Careful selection and combination of substrate and algae may positively manipulate rumen fermentation and may inhibit CH4 production. Further research is needed to validate these results in vivo.

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

Microbial profiles, in vitro gas production and dry matter digestibility based on various ratios of roughage to concentrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Sumit Singh Dagar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Sirohi ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Upadhyay ◽  
Anil Kumar Puniya
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

scholarly journals In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Degradability of Rice Husk on Rice Bran Substitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Rusli Fidriyanto ◽  
Roni Ridwan ◽  
Wulansih Dwi Astuti ◽  
Rohmatussolihat Rohmatussolihat ◽  
Nurul Fitri Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process and has been well used as livestock feed. Rice bran is often adulterated with rice husk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice bran with various compositions of rice husk and assess the relationship between rice husk addition and rice bran quality. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with rice husk addition as a factor and three replications. Data of proximate value, gas production, ruminal degradability, and volatile fatty acid production were analyzed by analysis of variance. Moreover, significant effects of each treatment in the in vitro fermentation were further analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test (P<0.05). It was shown that the addition of rice husk to rice bran could increase acetic acid level, but it reduced potential gas production, gas production rate, organic matter and dry matter digestibility, and propionic acid level. Interestingly, the linear regression of dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and potential gas production showed the high adjusted R2 values. Moreover, this study also revealed that 10% of rice husk substitution on rice bran could significantly reduce the dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Nutritional contents of processed Delonix regia seeds incubated in vitro with Pennisetum purpureum

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
O. O. Olufayo ◽  
O. O. Falola
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The effect of processing on proximate, mineral, anti-nutritional compositions, gasproduction characteristics, methane production, predicted metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and short chain fatty acids production of Delonix regia seeds incubated with Pennisetum purpureum were determined. Five treatments (T1: mixture of soaked Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T2: mixture of raw Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T3: mixture of roasted Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T4: mixture of boiled Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum and T5:100% Pennisetum purpureum which serves as control) were designed. In vitro gas production techniques for 24 hours were used to determine the nutritive value of processed 50% Delonix regia seed and 50% Pennisetum purpureum. The crude protein ranged from 13.38 to 15.71g/100g DM among the treatments while crude fibre was between 20.10 and 21.40g/100g DM, ether extract ranged from 1.90 to 3.12g/100g DM and ash 7.77 to 12.34g/100g DM. Calcium ranged from (2.34 - 3.61%), magnesium ranged (2.90 – 3.48%), sodium (2.05 – 2.91%) and phosphorus (0.88 – 1.12%). It was observed generally that T2 recorded the highest among the treatments while the values obtained for the heat treated seeds were lower than the raw. Oxalates ranged between (0.23% - 0.32%), phytates (0.29 – 0.43%), tannin (0.03 – 0.08%) and saponnin (0.36 – 0.49%). Methane (ml/200mg DM) production indicated T3 (50% roasted Delonix regia seed and 50% Pennisetum purpureum) was highest. The potential gas production 'a+b' ranged from 12.33 to 28.33mL/200mg DM). The highest potential gas production 'a+b' value of 28.33mL/200mg DM was obtained in T1 compared to other dietary treatment. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) ranged between 70.23 – 91.02% while the rate of fermentation was between 0.51 and 1.18ml/hr. The rate of fermentation was directly proportional to dry matter digestibility (DMD); the soaked recorded the highest value. Processing enhanced the nutritional contents of Delonix regia seeds. The result obtained showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments. In conclusion, soaking the seeds of Delonix regia had beter nutritional contents and has the potential for dry season feeding.  

scholarly journals Flavonoids and their aromatic derivatives in Piper betle powder promote in vitro methane mitigation in a variety of diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba ◽  
Siwaporn Paengkoum ◽  
Chalermpon Yuangklang ◽  
Pramote Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Goats

ABSTRACT At present, there is little information regarding whether supplementation with Piper betle powder (PBP) and sunflower oil (SFO) has a synergistic effect on lowering methane emissions without negatively impacting ruminal fermentation. This study investigated the effects of PBP, supplemented either with or without SFO, on biogas release, fermentation end-products, and microorganisms in the rumen of lactating goats. The treatments were run in a completely randomized 3 × 5 factorial arrangement, whereby 0, 15, and 30 mg SFO were combined with 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg PBP on a dry matter basis. The outcomes were assessed in vitro. PBP was obtained from the perennial plant Piper betle L., which is an abundant source of flavonoids and their aromatic derivatives. SFO, which reduces dietary methane emissions, was supplemented to confirm whether it interacted with other nutrients in the ruminant diet. SFO × PBP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased methane production, enhanced total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and decreased the number of rumen protozoa. We found that 15-30 mg, but not 45-60 mg, PBP combined with 0, 15, and 30 mg SFO increased (p < 0.05) total gas production (including CO2) from fermentation. However, our results suggested that at least 45 mg PBP, either alone or combined with SFO, was required to reduce ammonia-N (p < 0.05). Not all treatments affected rumen pH. In conclusion, supplementing PBP (< 30 mg), either alone or combined with SFO, has a suppressing effect on methane production while preserving an optimum rate of rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Response of Fumaric Acid Addition on Methanogenesis, Rumen Fermentation, and Dry Matter Degradability in Diets Containing Wheat Straw and Sorghum or Berseem as Roughage Source

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sirohi ◽  
Poonam Pandey ◽  
Navneet Goel
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Mineral Mixture

An in vitro incubation system was used to evaluate effect of supplementation of fumaric acid at 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM concentration in high-, medium-, and low-fiber wheat straw containing total mixed diets with sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) on rumen fermentation, methane production, and gas kinetics parameters. Three types of diets were prepared with different roughage and concentrate ratio (80 : 20, 50 : 50, and 20 : 80) by taking the representative samples. The roughage part composed of wheat straw (70 parts) and sorghum (30 parts) or berseem (30 parts) and the concentrate part composed of maize (33%), GNC (21%), mustard cake (12%), wheat bran (20%), deoiled rice bran (11%), mineral mixture (2%), and salt (1%). Fumaric acid was added in incubation medium to achieve final concentration of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM. All the treatment combinations were arranged in 4×3 factorial designs with three replicates. It was concluded from the study that fumaric acid addition (5–15 mM) in diets varying in roughage to concentrate ratio significantly (P≤0.05) reduced the methane production without affecting dry matter digestibility and maximum reduction was noticed at 5 mM concentration.

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