scholarly journals Plant-Soil Interactions of an Invasive Plant Species in its Native Range Help to Explain its Invasion Success Elsewhere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aldorfová ◽  
Věra Hanzelková ◽  
Lucie Drtinová ◽  
Hana Pánková ◽  
Tomáš Cajthaml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Secondary Range ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Abstract Purpose: To compare plant-soil feedback (PSF) of invasive Cirsium vulgare and non-invasive C. oleraceum in their native range to test a hypothesis that the invasive species is more limited by specialized pathogens in the native range and/or able to benefit more from generalist mutualists, and thus may benefit more from loss of specialized soil biota in a secondary range.Methods: We assessed changes in soil nutrients and biota following soil conditioning by each species and compared performance of plants grown in self-conditioned and control soil, from which all, some or no biota was excluded. Results: The invasive species depleted more nutrients than the non-invasive species and coped better with altered nutrient levels. The invasive species had higher seedling emergence which benefited from presence of non-specific microbes. The invasive species biomass responded less positively to specialized (self-conditioned) microbiota and more negatively to specialized larger-sized biota compared to the non-specialized control biota, suggesting the species may benefit more from enemy release and suffer less from loss of specialized mutualists when introduced to a secondary range. The invasive species showed greater ability to decrease its root-shoot ratio in presence of harmful biota and thus reduce their negative effects on its performance.Conclusions: Our study highlights the utility of detailed PSF research in the native range of species for understanding the factors that regulate performance of invasive and non-invasive species in their native range, and for pinpointing the types of biota involved in their regulation and how this changes across the plants life cycle.

scholarly journals Plant-soil feedback contributes to predicting plant invasiveness of 68 alien plant species differing in invasive status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aldorfová ◽  
Pavlína Knobová ◽  
Zuzana Münzbergová
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Plant Invasiveness

Abstract1. Understanding what species characteristics allow some alien plants to become invasive while others fail to is critical to our understanding of community assembly processes. While many characteristics have been shown to predict plant invasiveness, the importance of plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) in invasions has been difficult to assess since individual studies include only a few species and use disparate methodology.2. We studied PSFs of 68 invasive and non-invasive alien species in a single two-phase garden experiment, and compared the relative importance of PSF, residence time, phylogenetic novelty and plant traits for plant invasiveness. Additionally, we tested for relationships between PSF, residence time and phylogenetic novelty.3. PSF for seedling establishment belonged to five best predictors of plant invasiveness, along with specific leaf area, height, seedling growth rate, and residence time. Invasive species had more positive PSF for seedling establishment, but not for biomass, than non-invasive species. Phylogenetically novel species experienced less negative PSF than species with native congeners, suggesting they benefit more from enemy release. PSF of non-invasive species, contrary to that of invasive species, was becoming more negative with increasing residence time.4.Synthesis. We demonstrated that PSF plays a role in predicting invasiveness that is comparable with other species characteristics that are more commonly studied. PSF should thus receive more attention in studies predicting community structure and in programs assessing the likely invasions of aliens.

Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gassmann ◽  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
The Usa

Abstract L. vulgaris is a perennial flowering plant with a spreading root system. It forms dense mats which can compete with crops and suppress native vegetation, reducing pasture productivity and/or biodiversity (ISSG, 2015). Native to temperate areas of Europe and Asia, it has been widely introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and is regarded as noxious in many of these countries. By inclusion in indexes of invasive species it is regarded as invasive widely in Canada and in the USA (Alberta Invasive Species Council, 2014; Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015). L. vulgaris received an invasive index of 69 (out of a maximum of 100) in Alaska, USA (ANHP, 2011). It is also regarded as invasive within its native range in Serbia (Dzigurski and Nikolic, 2014).

Parasites and marine invasions

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. TORCHIN ◽  
K. D. LAFFERTY ◽  
A. M. KURIS
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Marine Invasions ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Marine Parasites

Introduced marine species are a major environmental and economic problem. The rate of these biological invasions has substantially increased in recent years due to the globalization of the world's economies. The damage caused by invasive species is often a result of the higher densities and larger sizes they attain compared to where they are native. A prominent hypothesis explaining the success of introduced species is that they are relatively free of the effects of natural enemies. Most notably, they may encounter fewer parasites in their introduced range compared to their native range. Parasites are ubiquitous and pervasive in marine systems, yet their role in marine invasions is relatively unexplored. Although data on parasites of marine organisms exist, the extent to which parasites can mediate marine invasions, or the extent to which invasive parasites and pathogens are responsible for infecting or potentially decimating native marine species have not been examined. In this review, we present a theoretical framework to model invasion success and examine the evidence for a relationship between parasite presence and the success of introduced marine species. For this, we compare the prevalence and species richness of parasites in several introduced populations of marine species with populations where they are native. We also discuss the potential impacts of introduced marine parasites on native ecosystems.

scholarly journals Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Utami Putri ◽  
Ibnul Qayim ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
West Java ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Putri WU, Qayim I, Qadir A. 2021. Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4019-4027. Study on the impact of invasive species on plant communities has been conducted mainly on the aboveground vegetation. The impact on the soil seed bank has received less attention mostly due to practical difficulties in conducting seed bank assessment. Evaluation of seed bank composition is useful in detecting invasive plant species that may have been present as buried seeds. Information on the vegetation composition in Nyungcung and Kapur hills both under and aboveground is available, but specific information on invasive species has not been discussed yet. This paper describes and analyzes the structure (composition and density) of invasive species in the soil seed bank. Eighty soil samples were taken from the study sites. The soil seed banks were analyzed using seedling emergence and seed extraction methods. 2602 and 1280 seedlings emerged from soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills, respectively. From that number, approximately 48.96% and 68.51% of the seedlings are invasive species in the soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills. The invasive species were dominants in the soil seed bank of the two sites. Cecropia peltata and Clidemia hirta were the most abundant invasive species in the Kapur and Nyungcung hills seed bank, respectively. Species richness and seedling density were higher in Nyungcung hills than Kapur hills, which were invaded for a relatively longer period.

scholarly journals Increased immune marker variance in a population of invasive birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Prüter ◽  
Mathias Franz ◽  
Sönke Twietmeyer ◽  
Niklas Böhm ◽  
Gudrun Middendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Invasive Population ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Eosinophil Granulocytes ◽  
Invasive Birds

AbstractImmunity and parasites have been linked to the success of invasive species. Especially lower parasite burden in invasive populations has been suggested to enable a general downregulation of immune investment (Enemy Release and Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability Hypotheses). Simultaneously, keeping high immune competence towards potentially newly acquired parasites in the invasive range is essential to allow population growth. To investigate the variation of immune effectors of invasive species, we compared the mean and variance of multiple immune effectors in the context of parasite prevalence in an invasive and a native Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) population. Three of ten immune effectors measured showed higher variance in the invasive population. Mean levels were higher in the invasive population for three effectors but lower for eosinophil granulocytes. Parasite prevalence depended on the parasite taxa investigated. We suggest that variation of specific immune effectors, which may be important for invasion success, may lead to higher variance and enable invasive species to reduce the overall physiological cost of immunity while maintaining the ability to efficiently defend against novel parasites encountered.

Fire Alters Emergence of Invasive Plant Species from Soil Surface-Deposited Seeds

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance T. Vermeire ◽  
Matthew J. Rinella
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Fuel Loads

Restoration of historic fire regimes is complicated by concerns about exotic plant invasions, yet little is known of how the two may interact. Seeds of Japanese brome, spotted knapweed, Russian knapweed, and leafy spurge were subjected to fire at six fuel loads (100 to 700 g m−2) and a nonburned control. Fires were simulated with field-cured grass and time–temperature profiles were developed from thermocouples at the soil surface. Emergence was determined by species and fuel load in growth chambers. Fuel load explained 98% of variation in mean heat dosage and emergence decreased with increasing fuel load across species. Emergence was reduced 79 to 88% relative to nonburned treatment with 100 g m−2of fuel and at least 97% with 200 g m−2of fuel. Emergence probabilities were less than 0.01 for all species but spotted knapweed with a 300 g m−2fuel load. Results indicate high potential for fire to disrupt the life cycle of invasive species through direct seed mortality. The relationship between fuel load and seedling emergence provides good predictability of fire effects on surface-deposited seeds. A single fire is unlikely to eradicate many invasive species because they often produce abundant seeds and some will undoubtedly escape fire. However, abrupt reductions in seedling emergence with relatively light fuel loads indicate that fire may be an effective tool for increasing mortality of invasive plant seed across a broad range of habitats.

scholarly journals Evidence for enemy release in invasive common dace Leuciscus leuciscus in Ireland: a helminth community survey and systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Tierney ◽  
J.M. Caffrey ◽  
S.M. Matthews ◽  
E. Costantini ◽  
C.V. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
The Core

Abstract Invasive species lose parasites in the process of invasion and tend to be less parasitized than conspecifics in the native range and sympatric native species in the invasive range (enemy release). We evaluated enemy release in an invasive freshwater fish in Ireland, common dace Leuciscus leuciscus, using helminth parasite community surveys at the core and front of the invasive range of common dace. Furthermore, we undertook a systematic literature review of helminth infection in common dace across its native range in Great Britain and Europe and invasive range in Ireland. The helminth parasite community survey revealed that invasive common dace were infected with fewer helminth species at the invasion front than at the core. Four helminth taxa – Acanthocephala, Monogenea, Digenea and Nematoda – were present in dace at the invasion core compared to only a single helminth species (Pomphorhynchus tereticollis) at the front. The systematic review revealed that invasive common dace in Ireland hosted fewer species of helminths than common dace in the native range. We report a total of three helminth species in common dace in Ireland compared to 24 in Great Britain and 84 in Continental Europe. Our results support the hypotheses that invasive populations are less parasitized than native populations and that more recently established populations host fewer parasites. However, we demonstrate that invasive species may continue to experience release from parasites long after initial invasion.

scholarly journals Anredera vesicaria (Texas madeira vine).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Northern South America

Abstract Anredera vesicaria is a herbaceous vine native from the south of the USA to northern South America. It is cultivated as an ornamental for its fragrant flowers, and has been introduced in the Philippines and some Caribbean islands. It is not recorded as invasive in any country but is regarded as a potential invasive species in Cuba as it has become naturalized outside its native range, has a tendency to proliferate and has a high dispersal capacity. Although A. vesicaria appears in EDDMapS for USA, it is not included as an invasive but rather for "comparison reasons" without further details given. It is also reported in the Invasive Plant Atlas, but without any information. The species is not included in the latest FLEPPC Invasive Plant List Species.

scholarly journals Comparison of ecophysiological and leaf anatomical traits of native and invasive plant species

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridesti Rindyastuti ◽  
Lia Hapsari ◽  
Chaeho Byun
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ecophysiological Traits

Abstract Background To address the lack of evidence supporting invasion by three invasive plant species (Imperata cylindrica, Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata) in tropical ecosystems, we compared the ecophysiological and leaf anatomical traits of these three invasive alien species with those of species native to Sempu Island, Indonesia. Data on four plant traits were obtained from the TRY Plant Trait Database, and leaf anatomical traits were measured using transverse leaf sections. Results Two ecophysiological traits including specific leaf area (SLA) and seed dry weight showed significant association with plant invasion in the Sempu Island Nature Reserve. Invasive species showed higher SLA and lower seed dry weight than non-invasive species. Moreover, invasive species showed superior leaf anatomical traits including sclerenchymatous tissue thickness, vascular bundle area, chlorophyll content, and bundle sheath area. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that leaf anatomical traits strongly influenced with cumulative variances (100% in grass and 88.92% in shrubs), where I. cylindrica and C. odorata outperformed non-invasive species in these traits. Conclusions These data suggest that the traits studied are important for plant invasiveness since ecophysiological traits influence of light capture, plant growth, and reproduction while leaf anatomical traits affect herbivory, photosynthetic assimilate transport, and photosynthetic activity.

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