scholarly journals Cold Hardiness of Evergreen Azaleas Increased by Water Stress Imposed at Three Days

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 848E-848
Author(s):  
Tomasz Anisko ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Reduced Water

The effect of water stress on cold hardiness was examined in evergreen azaleas, `Coral Bell' (CB), `Hinodegiri' (HD), and `Red Ruffle' (RR). Plants were well-watered between 8 Aug. and 1 Nov. (wet) or were subjected to 3 weeks of reduced water supply starting on one of three dates, 1 Aug. (dry 1), 29 Aug. (dry 2), and 19 Sept. (dry 3). Cold hardiness of leaves and lower, middle, and upper stems was tested on 29 Aug., 19 Sept., 10 Oct., 1 Nov. By the end of each 3-week period, water potential of water stressed plants reached –1.5 to –1.8 MPa compared to around –0.8 MPa of well-watered plants. Reducing the water supply significantly increased cold hardiness of all tested plant parts in all cultivars regardless of timing of watering reduction, with two exceptions, CB middle stems on 29 Aug. and HD leaves on 19 Oct. Three weeks after rewatering cold hardiness of water-stressed plants did not differ significantly from well-watered plants, except for HD plants under dry three treatment, which continued to be 1.0 (middle stems) to 4.3 (upper stems) more cold hardy.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness of Evergreen Azaleas Is Increased by Water Stress Imposed at Three Dates

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Anisko ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Reduced Water

The effect of water stress imposed at three dates in late summer and early fall on cold hardiness was examined in Rhododendron L. `Coral Bell', `Hinodegiri', and `Red Ruffle'. The persistence of the water stress-induced cold hardiness was also examined following plant recovery from the stress. Container-grown plants were exposed to three weeks of reduced water supply starting 8 Aug., 29 Aug., or 19 Sept., while control plants were well watered. Cold hardiness of leaves, lower, middle, and upper stems was evaluated with laboratory freeze tests. Reduced water supply independent of time initiated increased cold hardiness by 1 to 4C in the majority of the tested plant parts in the three cultivars. Cold hardiness of all plant parts tested strongly depended on the current water status of the plants as indicated by the stem water potential. In most cases, 3 weeks after rewatering, the cold hardiness of previously water stressed plants did not differ from that of nonstressed plants.

The Effect of Water Supply on the Growth of lzmir, Palotina and Amarelinho Tobaccos

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Comber
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Effect Of Water

AbstractThe Oriental tobacco variety Izmir has been grown in sand culture in a greenhouse under various degrees of water stress. Plants given 400 cm

scholarly journals 696 PB 280 REDUCED WATER SUPPLY AFFECTS FALL ACCLIMATION OF EVERGREEN AZALEAS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 532e-532
Author(s):  
Tomasz Anisko ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Lower Water Content ◽  
Reduced Water

Three cultivars of evergreen azaleas, `Coral Bell', `Hinodegiri', and `Red Ruffle', were grown under four watering regimes in containers and placed outdoors or in the greenhouse. The water content of the growing medium was maintained at either 0.3 to 0.4 or 0.5 to 0.6 m3m-3 from June 16 to August 30, when half of the plants under each of these regime was switched to the other watering regime. Freeze tests were conducted on August 30 and October 9, 1993. Injury to leaves, lower, middle, and upper stems was evaluated visually. Acclimation of leaves and upper stems prior to the August test, in most cases, was not stimulated by reduced water content, while the response of lower and middle stems was cultivar and location specific. The lower water content treatment after August 30 generally increased freeze tolerance of all plant parts regardless of the previous watering regime. The higher water content treatment after August 30 either prevented or delayed acclimation.

scholarly journals Rootstock Genotypes Shape the Response of cv. Pinot gris to Water Deficit

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Michele Faralli ◽  
Pier Lugi Bianchedi ◽  
Massimo Bertamini ◽  
Claudio Varotto
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
Reduced Water

Understanding the physiological basis underlying the water stress responses in grapevine is becoming increasingly topical owing to the challenges that climate change will impose to grapevine agriculture. Here we used cv. Pinot gris (clone H1), grafted on a series of tolerant (1103Paulsen; P), sensitive (SO4) and recently selected (Georgikon28; G28, Georgikon121; G121, Zamor17; Z17) rootstocks. Plants were either subjected to reduced water availability (WS) or maintained at pot capacity (WW). Photosynthetic (light response curves), stomatal and in vivo gas exchange analysis were carried out as well as dynamics of daily water use (WU), leaf area accumulation with affordable RGB imaging pipelines and leaf water potential. Significant genotypic variation was recorded between rootstocks for most of the traits analyzed under optimal conditions with P and SO4 showing a more vigorous growth, higher CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and stomatal density per unit of leaf area than G28, G121, Z17 (p < 0.001). Under WS, rootstocks induced different water stress response in Pinot gris, with G28 and G121 showing a higher sensitivity of water use to reduced water availability (WS) (p = 0.021) and no variation for midday leaf water potential until severe WS. P, Z17 and to some extent SO4 induced a pronounced near-anisohydric response with a general WU maintenance followed by reduction in leaf water potential even at high levels of soil water content. In addition, G28 and G121 showed a less marked slope in the linear relationship between daily water use and VPD (p = 0.008) suggesting elevated sensitivity of transpiration to evaporative demand. This led to an insensitivity for total dry weight biomass of G28 and G121 under WS conditions (p < 0.001). This work provides: (i) an in-depth analysis for a series of preferable traits under WS in Pinot gris; (ii) a characterization of Pinot gris × rootstock interaction and a series of desirable traits under WS induced by several rootstocks; (iii) the potential benefit for the use a series of affordable methods (e.g., RGB imaging) to easily detect dynamic changes in biomass in grapevine and quickly phenotype genotypes with superior responses under WS. In conclusion, the near-isohydric and conservative behavior observed for G28 and G121 coupled with their low vigor suggest them as potential Pinot gris rootstock candidates for sustaining grapevine productivity in shallow soils likely to develop terminal stress conditions.

The Effect of Water Stress on Total-Phenolic Content of Barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Habib SASSI ◽  
Oussama OUESLATI ◽  
Moncef BEN-HAMMOUDA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Influence Of Water

Little is known about the relation between water stress and the accumulation of phenolics in plant tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress and maturation on the production of total-phenolics (TP) by four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties (‘Manel’, ‘Martin’, ‘Rihane’, ‘Espérance’). During three phenological stages (S-8, S-10.5, S-11), following Feekes scale, whole barley plants were pulled out of the field and separated into roots, stems, and leaves. Water extracts were prepared from plant parts and their TP contents were determined by spectrophotometer. To determine periods of water deficit (WD) at field, climatic characterization of the region was carried out. TP accumulated in barley plant and its parts under the influence of water deficit essentially at S8, which coincided with barley spring growth. However, TP content decreased when WD became more pronounced at the following stages. This response may be explained, partially by the biosynthesis of lignin from free phenols when the plant approached maturity. Results suggest that water stress stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of TP in barley tissues during active growth periods (spring growth) at S-8. This response doesn’t persist until the critical periods of WD where barley maturity favors a decrease in TP content for all plant parts. Regardless of growth stage and WD, barley accumulates preferentially phenolics in above-ground plant parts. The evolution of phenolic accumulation under water stress showed the same trends for the tested barley varieties, indicating a genetic control of phenolic production and their partitioning across plant parts.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Stress on the Physiological Characteristics of Five Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Iakovos Kalamartzis ◽  
George Menexes ◽  
Pantazis Georgiou ◽  
Christos Dordas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Effect Of Water

Water stress in one of the most important abiotic stresses that affects the productivity of many crop species worldwide. In addition, the climate change creates new challenges for crop adaptation especially as water resources become limited and the increase in water stress becomes more pronounced even in areas where there is adequate water supply. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of water stress on physiological characteristics of five cultivars of basil under field conditions. Water stress affected leaf temperature, dry herb yield, leaf water potential, assimilation rate and gas exchange parameters, quantum yield, instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), and essential oil content. From the physiological characteristics water potential and assimilation rate can be used for the selection of basil cultivars tolerant to water stress. In addition, essential oil content was lower under water stress indicating that essential oil content is correlated with water availability. From the present study it is obvious that there are tolerant basil cultivars to water stress and can be found using physiological traits such as water potential and assimilation rate and can be used to save and use water more sustainable and also conserve the water resources.

scholarly journals Effect of water supply on leaf area development, stomatal activity, transpiration, and dry matter production and distribution in young olive trees

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gómez-del-Campo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

Two-year-old olive trees cv. Cornicabra, trained in a central leader form for hedgerow planting, were grown outdoors in 45-L weighing lysimeters to evaluate the effect of water supply on growth and development. Four treatments were established and maintained for 155 days during spring–autumn. Treatment T100 was irrigated to maintain the potting medium close to water-holding capacity by progressive replenishment of consumption that was measured at weekly intervals by weighing and recording drainage. Treatments T80, T60, and T40 received 80, 60, and 40%, respectively, of the water applied to T100. For these treatments, transpiration and leaf area were measured every fortnight. Dry matter in roots, stems, and leaves was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. Leaf conductance was measured at 09 : 00 and 12 : 00 solar time every fortnight and at c. 2-hourly intervals throughout one day each month. Over the experimental period, T100 produced 0.42 ± 0.01 m2 leaf area, 319.6 ± 60.4 g dry biomass, and transpired 77.5 ± 1.1 L water. Water stress significantly reduced leaf area development and dry matter production (P < 0.05) in T60 and T40, but not in T80. There was no effect on dry matter partitioning to the various organs of the trees or the roots/aerial part ratio. Leaf conductance was more sensitive to water stress than vegetative growth, with significant differences (P < 0.05) established among treatments 3 weeks before differences were observed in transpiration. In autumn, transpiration and leaf conductance increased in all treatments independently of soil water status. Over the experiment, transpiration efficiency (TE, g/L) increased with reduced water supply, with a significant difference (P < 0.10) between T100 and both T60 and T40. The study has established that maximum growth of young olive plants can be achieved, without effect on the distribution of biomass between organs, at water supply less than that required to support maximum transpiration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Water Stress on Cold Hardiness in Citrus

1987 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi YAMADA ◽  
Hiroo MUKAI ◽  
Akira SUGIURA ◽  
Takashi TOMANA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Effect Of Water

Moisture stress and its effect on photosynthesis in Dicranum polysetum

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 2897-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Peterson ◽  
James M. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Dicranum Polysetum

The effect of water stress on the moss Dicranum polysetum Sw. was studied in the growth chamber, and water potential (ψ) was found to vary as much as 15 atm between the tip of the plant and areas 2 to 4 cm within the cushion, which suggests that very little water is transported from the base of the stem to its tip. With an infrared gas analyzer it was determined that photosynthesis ceases at −21 to −23 atm and the moss remains dormant until it is rewetted. Upon rewetting, there is a sharp burst of respiration that doubles the normal CO2 output. This burst reached its maximum level of 4 mg CO2 g−1 h−1 within 15 min and was of short duration. Full photosynthetic rate was restored in 8 h.

Water relationships in cotton

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Excess Water

The relative importance of various physiological responses in determining the effect of water supply on the yield of cotton is unknown, though the effects themselves are well recognized. Excess water leads to rank growth which aggravates disease and pest problems. Water stress adversely affects the production of flower buds and boll setting, and can reduce yield by reducing boll size. Both have a significant effect on the time taken for a crop to reach maturity.

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