Initiatives for utilizing renewable energy in water supply treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Takashi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Control System ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
System Power

Maintaining a safe and reliable public water supply uses massive amounts of energy, prompting calls for energy saving measures. The Yokohama Water Works Bureau has established the goal of building a water supply system that is environmentally friendly by implementing a variety of initiatives, starting with efforts in renewable energy. These efforts have featured installing solar power and micro hydropower generation facilities at our purification plants and distribution reservoirs. The Yokohama water treatment facilities include purification plants based on gravity systems (Nishiya and Kawai plants) and pumped systems (Kosuzume plant). As the purification plants employing gravity systems place a smaller load on the environment, we use them as effectively as we can. When it was time to refurbish the distribution pumps, we reviewed the pump control system and identified initiatives for reducing pumped system power consumption.

scholarly journals Forecasting and Regulating of the Natural Organic Matter in the Volga Water Supply Source of Moscow

2016 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Color ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Treatment Facilities

The main regularities of water color and permanganate oxidizability transformation in the Volga water supply source of Moscow reservoir system have been found. Regularities of the natural organic matter content decrease in terms of water color and permanganate oxidizability within individual segments of the water supply system. The most intensive organic matter transformation within the system reservoirs occurs in the slow-flow Uchinsk reservoir where the color and permanganate oxidizability values maximum is observed during spring period. On the basis of the many-year observations results obtained in the water supply system water bodies a scheme of statistic forecasting of water color and oxidizability at water treatment facilities intake points with tree months lead time has been developed. The forecast is based on multiple linear regression equation linking the organic matter values in the Ivankovo reservoir tributaries and the same at the water treatment facilities at the closure link of the system (Uchinsk reservoir). The carried out comparison of the forecast results with the independent observation data shown a quite satisfactory agreement between the forecasted and observed organic matter values. A possibility to control the Volga River water color with low-color waters discharges from Vazuza reservoir was demonstrated with a simple balance model. As a result of the model calculations we obtained a nomogram enabling to compute the color decrease in a tribute to Ivankovo reservoir in dependence on the color difference between the Volga water and waters discharged from Vazuza reservoir provided we have pre-set proportion of water flow from these sources.

scholarly journals Exergy Evaluation of a Water Distribution System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6221
Author(s):  
Jedrzej Bylka ◽  
Tomasz Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System

The water supply system is one of the most important elements in a city. Currently, many cities struggle with a water deficit problem. Water is a commonly available resource and constitutes the majority of land cover; however, its quality, in many cases, makes it impossible to use as drinking water. To treat and distribute water, it is necessary to supply a certain amount of energy to the system. An important goal of water utility operators is to assess the energy efficiency of the processes and components. Energy assessments are usually limited to the calculation of energy dissipation (sometimes called “energy loss”). From a physical point of view, the formulation of “energy loss” is incorrect; energy in water transport systems is not consumed but only transformed (dissipated) into other, less usable forms. In the water supply process, the quality of energy—exergy (ability to convert into another form)—is consumed; hence, a new evaluation approach is needed. The motivation for this study was the fact that there are no tools for exergy evaluation of water distribution systems. A model of the exergy balances for a water distribution system was proposed, which was tested for the selected case studies of a water supply system and a water treatment station. The tool developed allows us to identify the places with the highest exergy destructions. In the analysed case studies, the highest exergy destruction results from excess pressure (3939 kWh in a water supply system and 1082 kWh in a water treatment plant). The exergy analysis is more accurate for assessing the system compared to the commonly used energy-based methods. The result can be used for assessing and planning water supply system modernisation.

scholarly journals Xenic Cultivation and Genotyping of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoeba from Public Water Supply Sources in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celsus Sente ◽  
Joseph Erume ◽  
Irene Naigaga ◽  
Benigna Gabriela Namara ◽  
Julius Mulindwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Free Living Amoeba

Studies on waterborne parasites from natural environment and domestic water sources in Uganda are very scarce and unpublished. Water dwelling free-living amoebae (FLA) of the genus Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria are often responsible for causing morbidities and mortalities in individuals with recent contact with contaminated water, but their presence in Uganda’s public water supply sources is not known. We cultivated and genotyped FLA from natural and domestic water from Queen Elizabeth Protected Area (QEPA) and Kampala (KLA). The cultivated parasites were observed microscopically and recorded. The overall prevalence of FLA in QEPA (Acanthamoeba spp., 35%; Hartmannella spp., 18.9%; Naegleria spp., 13.5%) and KLA (Acanthamoeba spp., 28.3%; Naegleria spp., 16.6%; Hartmannella spp., 23.1%) were not significantly different. The highest prevalence across water sources in QEPA and KLA was observed for Acanthamoeba spp., followed by Hartmannella spp., and Naegleria spp. Overall FLA mean (±SE) and mean (±SE) across water sources were highest for Acanthamoeba spp. compared to other FLA but were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Analysis of the FLA sequences produced 1 Cercomonas, 1 Nuclearia, 1 Bodomorpha, 2 Hartmannella, 5 Echinamoeba, and 7 Acanthamoeba partial sequences, indicating a muliplicity of water contaminants that need to be controlled by proper water treatment.

scholarly journals Modeling water supply system control system algorithms

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 734-743
Author(s):  
Markus I. Sunela ◽  
Raido Puust
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
System Control

Research of Constant Pressure Water Supply System Based on PLC

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Fang Wan
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Variable Flow ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Pump Pressure

This article designs one constant pressure water supply system based on PLC. In this system, PLC and frequency converter is the main control system. Moreover, the water-supply system with a variable frequency and constant pressure is based on PCL and combines with water supply pump, pressure gage and other equipment. Water supply system realizes the water supply of constant pressure and variable flow.

Based on PLC Control of Double Constant Pressure No Tower Water Supply System Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 511-512 ◽  
pp. 1002-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lie Zhun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Soft Start ◽  
Soft Starter ◽  
Short Service Life

In view of the traditional double motor constant pressure water supply system without tower in the operation process of the problem of short service life, the design of a new type of dual voltage no tower water supply control system. The control system uses PLC, soft starter and frequency converter technology, the soft starter can make the motor to realize soft start and soft stop, no impact on the motor, can extend the service life of the motor, avoid pumping station "door" damage, reduce repair costs and repair work. The running results show that, after the reformation of water supply system can save more than 21% energy, but also improve the quality and reliability of the water supply.

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