scholarly journals Evaluation of water efficiency programs in single-family households in the UK: a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1785-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Manouseli ◽  
S. M. Kayaga ◽  
R. Kalawsky
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Water Supply Company

Abstract Current water supply worldwide is facing growing pressure as a result of climate change and increasing water demand due to growing population and lifestyle changes. The traditional way of fulfilling the growing demand–supply gap by seeking new water supply options such as exploiting new fresh water resources and investing in the expansion of infrastructure is no longer considered environmentally or economically sustainable. A diverse portfolio of water efficiency measures is now a requirement for the majority of water companies in the UK. This paper presents results from a statistical analysis of a unique water efficiency program case study. The study evaluates the effectiveness of installing water-saving devices in single-family households in areas where a major UK water supply company operates. Using multilevel models, the study accurately measures the water savings achieved through the efficiency program and defines the factors that affect a household's potential to save water. Analysis illustrated a mean 7% decrease in consumption, explicitly attributable to the efficiency program. Research findings provide strong evidence that single resident and financially stretched households have a bigger potential to conserve water than larger and more affluent ones and also highlight the robustness of multilevel analysis, even in cases of data limitations.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate Changes on Renewable Production in the Mediterranean Climate: Case Study of the Energy Retrofit for a Detached House

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8793
Author(s):  
Rosa Francesca De Masi ◽  
Valentino Festa ◽  
Antonio Gigante ◽  
Margherita Mastellone ◽  
Silvia Ruggiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Detached House ◽  
The Impact

One of the strategies of the European Green Deal is the increment of renewable integration in the civil sector and the mitigation of the impact of climate change. With a statistical and critical approach, the paper analyzes these aspects by means of a case study simulated in a cooling dominated climate. It consists of a single-family house representative of the 1980s Italian building stock. Starting from data monitored between 2015 and 2020, a weather file was built with different methodologies. The first objective was the evaluation of how the method for selecting the solar radiation influences the prevision of photovoltaic productivity. Then, a sensitivity analysis was developed, by means of modified weather files according to representative pathways defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. The results indicate that the climate changes will bring an increment of photovoltaic productivity while the heating energy need will be reduced until 45% (e.g., in March) and the cooling energy need will be more than double compared with the current conditions. The traditional efficiency measures are not resilient because the increase of the cooling demand could be not balanced. The maximization of installed photovoltaic power is a solution for increasing the resilience. Indeed, going from 3.3 kWp to 6.9 kWp for the worst emission scenario, in a typical summer month (e.g., August), the self-consumption increases until 33% meanwhile the imported electricity passes from 28% to 17%.

scholarly journals Improving Water Efficiency in a Municipal Indoor Swimming-Pool Complex: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10530
Author(s):  
Flora Silva ◽  
Ana M. Antão-Geraldes ◽  
Carmem Zavattieri ◽  
Maria João Afonso ◽  
Flávio Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Indoor Swimming Pool ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Filter Backwashing

This study aimed to determine the water demand of a municipal swimming pool complex to propose water use efficiency measures. Concomitantly, the possibility of recycling and reusing the water from filter backwashing was evaluated. The pools consumed 25.6% of water, the filter backwashing 24.5%, and the showers 34.7%. Despite the current impossibility of reducing water consumption in pools and filter backwashing, it is feasible to promote more efficient use of water through reducing water consumption by adopting simple water-saving initiatives for showers, taps, and flushing cisterns. These were organized into three distinct scenarios: (a) flushing cistern volume adjustment and the replacement of washbasin and kitchen taps; (b) flushing cistern volume adjustment and shower replacement and (c) flushing cistern volume adjustment, shower, washbasin, and kitchen taps replacement. Under scenarios 1, 2, and 3, the water consumption reduction was 8.0, 13.2, and 20.4%, respectively. The initial investment for scenario 1 was €2290.5, €859.0 for scenario 2 and €3149.5 for scenario 3; the annual water bill reduction was €7115.4, €11,518.1, and €17,655.9, respectively. Therefore, the turnover of the investment was four (scenario 1), one (scenario 2), and three months (scenario 3). The filter washings attained the required standard for irrigation after being subjected to 15 h of sedimentation.

scholarly journals Analisis Pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Duasudara Kota Bitung)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Sri Sunarni Sonu ◽  
Lintje Kalangi ◽  
Jessy Warongan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Water Supply Company

Abstract. This research aims to: 1) Analyze the suitability of GCG implementation in Duasudara Water Supply Company (WSC), Bitung City based on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles, which are transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, fairness and equality, 2) Analyze the obstacles faced in implementing Good Corporate Governance, 3) Analyze the efforts that can be done by stakeholders  in order to overcome the obstacles that exist in implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG). This is a qualitative case study approach. The results concluded that the implementation of GCG in the Duasudara Water Supply Company was quite appropriate. However, in the implementation of GCG at the Duasudara Water Supply Company, there were still several obstacles which are resources, attitude (disposition), bureaucratic structure, and political environment. Another obstacle is the lack of understanding regarding the principles of Good Corporate Governance by employees in overall. Therefore, Duasudara Water Supply Company seeks to conduct more intense socialization to all levels of employees in order to improve their mentality and work attitude, as well as directors who are also committed to implement GCG completely and sufficiently to attain the well development for the region.Keywords: GCG, Water Supply Company (PDAM), Good Corporate Governance Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis kesesuaian pelaksanaan GCG pada PDAM Duasudara Kota Bitung dengan asas-asas GCG yaitu transparansi, akuntabilitas, responsibilitas, independensi, serta kewajaran dan kesetaraan (2) Menganalisis hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi dalam melaksanakan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik (GCG) (3) Menganalisis upaya yang dapat dilakukan para pemangku kepentingan guna mengatasi hambatan-hambatan yang ada dalam melaksanakan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik (GCG). Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan GCG pada PDAM Duasudara Bitung sudah cukup sesuai, Namun, dalam pelaksanaan GCG pada PDAM Duasudara Kota Bitung masih ditemukan beberapa hambatan, yaitu hambatan sumber daya, hambatan sikap pelaksana (disposisi), hambatan struktur birokrasi dan hambatan lingkungan politik. Hambatan yang ada seperti masih kurangnya pemahaman terkait asas-asas tata kelola yang baik oleh para karyawan secara menyeluruh. Dengan demikian, PDAM Duasudara berupaya melakukan dan/atau membuat sosialisasi yang lebih intens ke semua tingkat karyawan serta direksi juga berkomitmen dalam mewujudkan pelaksanaan GCG secara penuh, maksimal dan menyeluruh sehingga dapat berkontribusi penuh terhadap pembangunan daerahnya.Kata kunci: GCG, PDAM, Tata Kelola Perusahaan yang Baik

Typical urban water supply provision in developing countries: a case study of Semarang City, Indonesia

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hadipuro ◽  
N.Y. Indriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Water Supply Company

Low service coverage of public water supply companies and high dependency on groundwater are typical characteristics of urban water supply provision in developing countries. A case study of Semarang, Indonesia, shows that such phenomena have a detrimental effect on the environment. Land subsidence, seawater intrusion and sea flooding are, to some extent, the results of the failure of the public water supply company to service all Semarang City inhabitants. The study of the Semarang coastal area shows that the lack of access, especially to the poor, is a business opportunity for small-scale water supply providers. The problem with these providers is that all of them use groundwater as sources. The worse the service of the public water supply company the more necessary it is to regulate groundwater extraction. The poor will become very dependent on groundwater while also becoming victims of environmental degradation due to excessive groundwater extraction. The study shows that all inhabitants, poor and rich alike, are waiting to be supplied by the public water supply company. They will change to the public water supply whenever the service is available.

Pengaruh Motivasi, Self Awareness Dan Komunikasi terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan di Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (Pdam) Kabupaten Ponorogo

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriana Fitriana ◽  
Umi Farida ◽  
Tegoeh Hari Abrianto
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Communication Variable ◽  
Water Supply Company ◽  
Regional Water

This study aims to determine the effect of motivation, self awareness and communication on the work discipline of employees in the Regional Water Supply Company (PDAM) of Ponorogo Regency. The location of research in Pramuka Street Number 21, Nologaten, Ponorogo Regency. The population in this study was 102 employees. The sample in this study used 50 respondents. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, then tested with validity and reliability test, while the method of data analysis using multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS and hypothesis testing partially or simultaneously. The results showed that; (1) Motivation partially influences the work discipline of employees in the Regional Water Supply Company (PDAM) of Ponorogo Regency with a regression coefficient of 0.317, t value of 2.903> t table of 2.012 and sig. of 0.006 <0.05, (2) Self Awareness partially influences the work discipline of employees in the Regional Water Supply Company (PDAM) of Ponorogo Regency with the results of the regression coefficient of 0.409, t value of 3.478> t table of 2.012 and sig. of 0.001 <0.05, (3) Communication partially influences the work discipline of employees in the Regional Water Supply Company (PDAM) of Ponorogo Regency with the results of a regression coefficient of 0.310, t value of 2.178> t table of 2.012 and sig. of 0.035 <0.05, (4) Motivation, self awareness and communication simultaneously affect employee work discipline in the Regional Water Supply Company (PDAM) of Ponorogo Regency with the calculated F value of 14.807> F table 2.81 and sig value. of 0,000 <0.05, (5) Self awareness is the most dominant variable affecting the work discipline of employees in the Regional Water Supply Company (PDAM) of Ponorogo Regency with the result of self awareness variable t value of 3.478 is greater than the value of t variable count motivation and communication variables. Furthermore, from the value of sig. the variable self awareness of 0.001 is smaller than the value of sig. motivation variable and communication variable.

PERSIAN GARDENS IN COLD AND DRY CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY OF TABRIZ’S HISTORICAL GARDENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi ◽  
Farnaz Nazarzadeh ◽  
Elnaz Nazarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Garden Design ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North West ◽  
Special Expertise

Throughout history, gardens and garden designing has been in the attention of Persian architects who had special expertise in the construction of gardens. The appearance of Islam and allegories of paradise taken from that in Koran and Saints’ sayings gave spirituality to garden construction. Climate conditions have also had an important role in this respect but little research has been done about it and most of the investigations have referred to spiritual aspects and forms of garden. The cold and dry climate that has enveloped parts of West and North West of Iran has many gardens with different forms and functions, which have not been paid much attention to by studies done so far. The aim of this paper is to identify the features and specifications of cold and dry climate gardens with an emphasis on Tabriz’s Gardens.  Due to its natural and strategic situation, Tabriz has always been in the attention of governments throughout history; travellers and tourists have mentioned Tabriz as a city that has beautiful gardens. But, the earthquakes and wars have left no remains of those beautiful gardens. This investigation, by a comparative study of the climates in Iran and the effect of those climates on the formation of gardens and garden design, tries to identify the features and characteristics of gardens in cold and dry climate. The method of study is interpretive-historical on the basis of written documents and historic features and field study of existing gardens in this climate. The results show that, with respect to natural substrate, vegetation, the form of water supply, and the general form of the garden; gardens in dry and cold climate are different from gardens in other climates.

Investigating artificial groundwater recharge to ensure the water supply to the city of Graz

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Tischendorf ◽  
Hans Kupfersberger ◽  
Christian Schilling ◽  
Oliver Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Artificial Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Water Supply Company

Being Austria's fourth largest water-supply company, the Grazer Stadtwerke AG., has ensured the successful water-supply of the Styrian capital with 250.000 inhabitants for many years. The average daily water demand of the area amounts to about 50,000 m3. Approximately 30 % of the total demand is covered by the bulk water supply from the Zentral Wasser Versorgung Hochschwab Süd. The waterworks Friesach and Andritz, which cover the additional 70 % of the water demand, operate by means of artificial groundwater recharge plants where horizontal filter wells serve as drawing shafts. The groundwater recharge systems serve to increase the productivity of the aquifer and to reduce the share of the infiltration from the Mur River. Protection areas have been identified to ensure that the water quality of the aquifer stay at optimal levels. The protection areas are divided into zones indicating various restrictions for usage and planning. Two respective streams serve as the source for the water recharge plants. Different infiltration systems are utilised. Each of the various artificial groundwater recharge systems displays specific advantages and disadvantages in terms of operation as well as maintenance. In order to secure a sustainable drinking water supply the recharge capacity will be increased. Within an experimental setting different mixtures of top soils are investigated with respect to infiltration and retention rates and compared to the characteristics of the existing basins. It can be shown that the current operating sand basin with more than 90% grains in the range between 0.063 and 6.3 mm represents the best combination of infiltration and retention rates. In future experiments the performance of alternative grain size distributions as well as planting the top soil will be tested. Additionally, in order to optimize the additional groundwater recharge structures the composition of the subsurface water regarding its origin is statistically analyzed.

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