scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RESPIRATORY RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN pCO2 AND HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION OF ARTERIAL BLOOD IN RABBITS AND DOGS

1960 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro SAITO ◽  
Yoshiyuki HONDA ◽  
Nariko HASUMURA
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood

Changes in blood gases and acid-base balance in the exercising dog

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Wathen ◽  
Howard H. Rostorfer ◽  
Sid Robinson ◽  
Jerry L. Newton ◽  
Michael D. Bailie
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Mixed Venous

Effects of varying rates of treadmill work on blood gases and hydrogen ion concentrations of four healthy young dogs were determined by analyses of blood for O2 and CO2 contents, Po2, Pco2, and pH. Changes in these parameters were also observed during 30-min recovery periods from hard work. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were obtained simultaneously during work through a polyethylene catheter in the right ventricle and an indwelling needle in an exteriorized carotid artery. Mixed venous O2 content, Po2 and O2 saturation fell with increased work, whereas arterial values showed little or no change. Mixed venous CO2 content, Pco2, and hydrogen ion concentration exhibited little change from resting levels in two dogs but increased significantly in two others during exercise. These values always decreased in the arterial blood during exercise, indicating the presence of respiratory alkalosis. On cessation of exercise, hyperventilation increased the degree of respiratory alkalosis, causing it to be reflected on the venous side of the circulation. Submitted on January 8, 1962

scholarly journals Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Intracellular Arterial pH in Acidosis and Alkalosis

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Desforges ◽  
Philip Slawsky
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Weak Organic Acid ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract With the use of 14C-DMO (14C-5, 5-dimethyl-2,3-oxazolidinedione), a weak organic acid, we measured the intraerythrocytic hydrogen ion concentration in 16 acidotic and alkalotic patients. Whole blood pH, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, plasma pCO2, and plasma bicarbonate were measured simultaneously on heparinized arterial blood. The results show: (1) hydrogen ion concentration in the red cell varies directly with that of whole blood, (2) red cell concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate varies inversely with the whole blood hydrogen ion concentration, and (3) red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration also varies inversely with the intracellular hydrogen ion concentration. There were no significant relationships between the arterial total hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin and intracellular or whole blood pH, nor was there any relationship between plasma pCO2 or plasma bicarbonate and intracellular or whole blood pH. We concluded that in a number of clinical conditions in which the hydrogen ion concentration is altered, the cellular pH parallels that of the whole blood and that the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration varies with the hydrogen ion concentration.

Metabolic acidosis developing during cardiopulmonary bypass is related to a decrease in strong ion difference

Perfusion ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Peter Alston ◽  
Laura Cormack ◽  
Catherine Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood

Metabolic acidosis is a frequent complication of cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB). Commonly, its cause is ascribed to hypoperfusion; however, iatrogenic causes, related to the composition and volume of intravascular fluids that are administered, are increasingly being recognized. The aim of this study was to determine if metabolic acidosis during CPB was associated with hypoperfusion, change in strong ion difference (SID) or haemodilution. Forty-nine patients undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE) or the HCI, Clydebank were included in the study. Arterial blood samples were aspirated before induction of anaesthesia and the end of CPB. Samples were subjected to blood gas analysis and measurement of electrolytes and lactate. Changes in concentrations were then calculated. Change variables that were found to be significant (p B-0.1) univariate correlates of the change in hydrogen ion concentration were identified and entered into a multivariate regression model with hydrogen ion concentra tion at the end of CPB as the outcome variable (r2=0.65, p<0.001). Change variance in hydrogen ion concentration was created by first entering the baseline hydrogen ion concentration into the model. Next, any variance resulting from the respiratory component of acidosis was removed by entering the change in arterial carbon dioxide tension (regression coefficient (β)=0.67, p<0.01). Change in SID (β=-0.34, p<0.01) and surgical institution (β=-0.40, p<0.01) were then found to be predictors of the remaining variance whilst change in concentration of lactate (β in=0.16, p=0.07) and volume of intravascular fluid that was administered (β=-0.07, p=0.52) were rejected from the model. These findings suggest that the metabolic acidosis developing during CPB is partially the result of iatrogenic decrease in SID rather than hypoperfusion, as estimated by lactate concentration, or haemodilution.

Changing the priming solution from Ringer’s to Hartmann’s solution is associated with less metabolic acidosis during cardiopulmonary bypass

Perfusion ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Alston ◽  
C Theodosiou ◽  
K Sanger
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Volume Replacement ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Intravascular Volume ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background and objective: Previously, it was noted that changing the solutions used for priming and intravascular volume replacement from Hartmann’s to Ringer’s resulted in a more profound metabolic acidosis developing during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changing the solutions back to Hartmann’s on metabolic acidosis that develops during CPB in patients undergoing heart surgery. Methods: Two groups of patients were studied sequentially: the first received Ringer’s (n = 63) and the second Hartmann’s solution (n = 66). Arterial blood samples were taken before induction of anaesthesia and towards the end of CPB. Samples were analysed in a blood gas analyser. Results: Hydrogen ion concentration increased from 38 (4) to 41 (7) mm/L in the Ringer’s group, but decreased from 38 (5) to 36 (6) mmol L-1 in the Hartmann’s group. Changes in PaCO2 (0.77, p < 0.001) and volume of fluid administered (r = 0.23, p < 0.01) were significant univariate correlates of change in hydrogen ion concentration, but haemoglobin concentration was not (r < 0.01, p = 0.97). Analysis of variance for repeated measures found significant between subject effects on the change in hydrogen ion concentration during CPB caused by the choice of intravascular solution used (p < 0.001) and PaCO2 (p = 0.001), but not as a result of the volume of solution administered (p > 0.10). Conclusions: Changing the solutions used for priming and intravascular volume replacement from Ringer’s to Hartmann’s was associated with a reduction in metabolic acidosis that developed during CPB.

pH is decreased in transplanted rat pancreatic islets

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. E499-E504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Ola Carlsson ◽  
Astrid Nordin ◽  
Fredrik Palm
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Islet Graft ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Tissue Ph ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Incomplete Revascularization ◽  
Islet Transplants

Recent studies of transplanted pancreatic islets have indicated incomplete revascularization. We investigated the pH, in relation to oxygen tension (Po 2), in endogenous islets and islets syngeneically transplanted to the renal subcapsular site of nondiabetic and streptozotocin-diabetic recipients. Tissue pH and Po 2 were measured using microelectrodes. In the endogenous islets, tissue pH was similar to that in arterial blood. In the transplanted islets, tissue pH was 0.11–0.15 pH units lower. No differences in islet graft pH were seen between nondiabetic and diabetic animals, and none if the islet grafts were investigated 1 day or 1 mo posttransplantation. The Po 2 in the endogenous islets was ∼35 mmHg. Transplanted islets had a markedly lower tissue Po 2 both 1 day and 1 mo after transplantation. A negative correlation between the tissue Po 2 and the hydrogen ion concentration was seen in the 1-mo-old islet transplants in diabetic animals. In conclusion, decreased Po 2 in transplanted islets is associated with a decreased tissue pH, suggesting a shift toward more anaerobic glucose metabolism after transplantation.

Disturbances of acid–base homeostasis

2010 ◽  
pp. 1738-1751
Author(s):  
R. D. Cohen ◽  
H. F. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Daily Load ◽  
Alkaline Range

Despite a daily load of protons, derived mainly from metabolism, the hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood in health is tightly maintained within a slightly alkaline range (pH 7.36–7.42); concentrations of intracellular hydrogen ions are also controlled. Failure adequately to excrete or neutralize protons causes acidic conditions to prevail (decreased pH): undue intake of base, uncompensated loss of protons—or the substrates from which they are derived—induces an alkaline milieu (raised pH)....

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