scholarly journals Effects of Molecular Hydrogen Assessed by an Animal Model and a Randomized Clinical Study on Mild Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Nishimaki ◽  
Takashi Asada ◽  
Ikuroh Ohsawa ◽  
Etsuko Nakajima ◽  
Chiaki Ikejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Oxidative stress is one of the causative factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. We previously reported that molecular hydrogen (H2) acts as a therapeutic and preventive antioxidant. Objective: We assess the effects of drinking H2-water (water infused with H2) on oxidative stress model mice and subjects with MCI. Methods: Transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative form of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 were used as a dementia model. The mice with enhanced oxidative stress were allowed to drink H2-water. For a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study, 73 subjects with MCI drank ~300 mL of H2-water (H2-group) or placebo water (control group) per day, and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) scores were determined after 1 year. Results: In mice, drinking H2-water decreased oxidative stress markers and suppressed the decline of memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Moreover, the mean lifespan in the H2-water group was longer than that of the control group. In MCI subjects, although there was no significant difference between the H2- and control groups in ADAS-cog score after 1 year, carriers of the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype in the H2-group were improved significantly on total ADAS-cog score and word recall task score (one of the sub-scores in the ADAS-cog score). Conclusion: H2-water may have a potential for suppressing dementia in an oxidative stress model and in the APOE4 carriers with MCI.

scholarly journals Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Baik ◽  
Seon Myeong Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). This was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label, two-arm study. Eighty PD-MCI patients were assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received donepezil for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Dementia Rating, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Clinical Global Impression scores. Progression of dementia was assessed at 48-week. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed at baseline and after 48 weeks. The spectral power ratio of the theta to beta2 band (TB2R) in the electroencephalogram was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. However, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TB2R at bilateral frontotemporoparietal channels compared to the control group. Although we could not demonstrate improvements in the cognitive functions, donepezil treatment had a modulatory effect on the EEG in PD-MCI patients. EEG might be a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in PD-MCI after donepezil treatment.

A-7 Discriminating between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease on the MoCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
Taylor McDonald ◽  
Craig D Marker ◽  
Lauren Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asian Pacific

Abstract Objective The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a suitable, sensitive, and specific cognitive screener for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Previous research has found markers to discriminate between MCI and Alzheimer’s disease (ad) on MoCA subtest scores. Specifically, impaired performance on the clock drawing (i.e., number and hand placement), rhino naming, serial 7’s, word recall, and orientation were suggestive of ad. The aim of the present study is to assess for discrimination patterns in MoCA performance between MCI and ad.Method: Data was collected through the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). A sample of MCI (n = 1143; 51% female, 82% White, 15% Black, 3% Asian/Pacific Islander) and ad groups (n = 1339; 56% female, 89% White, 9% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander) were examined. Results An initial independent t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in MoCA scores for MCI (M = 22.01, SD = 3.49) and ad (M = 14.46, SD = 6.05; t(2480) = 38.72, p = 0.000, Cohen’s d = 1.53). Additional t-tests were performed to compare MoCA subtest scores and domain scores for diagnostic groups. There was a statistically significant difference for MCI and ad groups across all MoCA subtests and domains. Despite no discrimination in profiles noted on t-tests, further examination using normal distribution revealed worse performance on trails, clock hands, serial 7’s, repetition, fluency, date, and place in ad groups. Conclusions Consistent with previous findings, clock hands, serial 7’s, and orientation were able to discriminate between ad and MCI. This study found further discrimination in trails, repetition, and fluency. These findings may allow for clinicians to use these patterns of performance as early cognitive markers of impairment.

scholarly journals Validation of the Argentine version of the Memory Binding Test (MBT) for Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Roman ◽  
Mónica Iturry ◽  
Galeno Rojas ◽  
Ernesto Barceló ◽  
Herman Buschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Memory Binding ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background: "Forgetfulness" is frequent in normal aging and characteristic of the early stages of dementia syndromes. The episodic memory test is central for detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Memory Binding Test (MBT) is a simple, easy and brief memory test to detect the early stage of episodic memory impairment. Objective: To validate the Argentine version of the MBT in a Latin American population and to estimate the diagnostic accuracy as a tool for early detection of MCI. Methods: 88 subjects (46 healthy controls and 42 patients with amnestic MCI) matched for age and educational level were evaluated by an extensive neuropsychological battery and the memory binding test. Results: A significantly better performance was detected in the control group; all MBT scales were predictive of MCI diagnosis (p<.01). The MBT showed high sensitivity (69%) and high specificity (88%), with a PPV of 93% and a NPV of 55% for associative paired recall. A statistically significant difference (c2=14,164, p<.001) was obtained when comparing the area under the curve (AUC) of the MBT (0.88) and the MMSE (0.70). Conclusion: The Argentine version of the MBT correlated significantly with the MMSE and the memory battery and is a useful tool in the detection of MCI. The operating characteristics of the MBT are well suited, surpassing other tests commonly used for detecting MCI.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions for Global Cognition in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijun Xu ◽  
Wen Sun ◽  
Dexing Zhang ◽  
Vincent Chi-Ho Chung ◽  
Regina Wing-Shan Sit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Cognition

Background: There is a lack of study comprehensively comparing the effects of all existing types of interventions on global cognition among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Aims: To conduct a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of interventions in improving global cognition among MCI patients.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in MCI patients were included. Two authors independently screened the studies and extracted the data. Random-effects network meta-analysis was used to synthesize the data. Results were summarized as mean difference (MD) and corresponding 95% CIs of MMSE in forest plots.Results: Fifty RCTs with 5,944 MCI patients met the inclusion criteria and 49 were included in the network meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, cognition-based intervention (MD = 0.80, 95% CI 0.04–1.57), physical exercise (MD = 1.92, 95% CI 1.19–2.64), combined physical exercise and cognition-based intervention (MD = 1.86, 95% CI 0.60–3.12), and antioxidants (MD = 0.94, 95% CI 0.04–1.83) had positive effects on MMSE in participants with MCI. There was no significant difference between all other interventions included and the control group.Conclusions: This study suggested that cognition-based intervention, physical exercise, combined physical exercise and cognition-based intervention, and antioxidants could be among the most effective interventions on global cognition in older adults with MCI. The availability, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of interventions should also be taken into consideration when selecting interventions.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020171985.

scholarly journals Comparison of Resistance and Chair Yoga Training on Subjective Sleep Quality in MCI Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Karydaki ◽  
Eleni Dimakopoulou ◽  
Eleni Margioti ◽  
Vassilios Lyras ◽  
Xenofon Apostolopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Self-rated sleep disorders are common in older adults, resulting in various health problems. Two types of exercise are suggested as an affordable and accessible non-pharmacological treatment and are being compared and discussed. Objectives: This randomized, controlled, 12-week trial investigates the effects of different types of exercise (resistance vs chair yoga training) on subjective sleep quality, in women with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: In order to measure cognitive function, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used. Forty nine participants enrolled in the study were randomized to a resistance training program (n=16), or a chair yoga program (n=15), or a control group (n=18). All participants engaged in cognitive activities. Results: At baseline, PSQI scores for CYG, RTG and CG (8.2±5.1, 6.1±4.3, 7.4±4.1, respectively) and MMSE (28.3±1.4, 27.8±1.2, 28.0±2.3, respectively) did not differ statistically between the three groups (F2,46= 1.993, p= 0.143). After the intervention, a significant improvement in PSQI total score was noted in resistance training group (t=2.335, df15, p=0.03). Conclusions: There were no significant differences between groups before and after test for the PSQI subscale scores (sleep onset latency (h), time spent in bed before sleep (min), morning waking up (h) and sleep duration (h)). No significant difference was found in PSQI subscales scores within each group. This study proposes that resistance training is an effective treatment approach to improve sleep quality in women with mild cognitive impairment. 

Identifying Brain Connectivity Using Network-Based Statistics in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Stratified by β-Amyloid Positivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Sung-Woo Kim ◽  
Minsuk Choi ◽  
Joon-Kyung Seong ◽  
Jae-Hong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Structural Networks

Background: The aim of this study was to identify white matter structural networks of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) dichotomized by β amyloid (Aβ) status and compare them using network-based statistics (NBS). Methods: Patients underwent whole-brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, detailed neuropsychological test and [18F]-Florbetaben amyloid positron emission tomography. We performed the NBS analysis to compare the whole-brain white matter structural networks extracted from diffusion tensor images. Results: One hundred sixteen participants (Aβ− cognitively normal [CN], n = 35; Aβ− aMCI, n = 42; Aβ+ aMCI, n = 39) were included. There was no subnetwork showing significant difference between Aβ+ aMCI and Aβ− aMCI. However, by comparing each aMCI group with control group, we found that supplementary motor areas were common hub regions. Intriguingly, Aβ+ aMCI showed reduced connectivity mainly in the medial frontal regions, while Aβ− aMCI showed somewhat uniform disruption when compared to CN. Conclusion: Structural network analysis using network-based approach in aMCI may shed light on further understanding of white matter disruption in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease.

Abstract TP457: Brain Functional Alterations in Patients With Leukoaraiosis Associated Mild Cognitive Impairment

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Yu Mei Zhang ◽  
Yong Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and aims: Recent studies demonstrated that a signal change of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in certain brain areas during the resting state is a significant marker in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the research of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) on leukoaraiosis (LA) associated MCI is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of the rs-fMRI default network between patients with LA-associated MCI and normal subjects, and provide functional imaging evidence of LA-associated MCI during early stages of the disease. Method: All subjects were outpatients or thier residents of the Department of Neurology of the Beijing Tiantan Hospital. They were divided into MCI group and control group according to their cognitive function assessing by the Hamilton Depression Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Demographic information was recorded. Brain MRI characteristics were assessed using the Fazekas scale. The independent components of fMRI data were analyzed by fMRI tool box. The experimental data and confounding factors were analyzed by General Liner Model. Results: A total of 31 right-handed patients with LA-associated MCI and 27 right-handed healthy control subjects were included. The active areas participating in the resting state for LA-associated MCI group were mostly consistent with those of the control group. Compared with controls, the LA-associated MCI patients exhibited significantly lower blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the left anterior cingulate cortex (P=0.021) and right parahippocampal gyrus (P=0.032). Whereas higher BOLD signals during the resting state in LA-associated MCI patients were observed in the left caudate nucleus (P=0.015), right frontal lobe (P=0.004), superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus (P=0.001), No significant difference was shown in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (P=0.138). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the discriminating functional activation in specific brain areas could be identified in patients with LA-associated MCI, which might be used as an useful neuroimaging evidence for the early recognition of these patients.

Association Between Magnesium and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-748
Author(s):  
Ana R.S. de Oliveira ◽  
Kyria J.C. Cruz ◽  
Jennifer B.S. Morais ◽  
Juliana S. Severo ◽  
Jéssica B. Beserra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Magnesium Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
And Control

Background: The role of minerals in preventing the generation of oxidative stress in obese individuals has been evaluated. Magnesium is an antioxidant nutrient and a cofactor of enzymes involved in the cell membrane stabilization, attenuating the effects of oxidative stress. Objective: To evaluate the association between magnesium and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in patients with obesity and eutrophic women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 73 women, divided into two groups: case group (patients with obesity, n=27) and control group (eutrophic women, n=46). Measurements of body mass index and waist circumference were performed. Dietary magnesium intake was assessed by the three-day food record using the NutWin software. Urinary magnesium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also determined. Results: Mean values of dietary magnesium intake were 161.59 ± 60.04 and 158.73 ± 31.96 for patients with obesity and control group, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups studied (p >0.05). The value of urinary excretion of magnesium was lower than the reference values in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups studied (p >0.05). The plasma concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was significantly higher in patients with obesity compared to the control group (p <0.001). There was no correlation between levels of magnesium biomarkers and the concentration of TBARS (p >0.05). Conclusion: Patients with obesity showed a reduced dietary magnesium intake which seems to induce hypomagnesuria as a compensatory mechanism. The marker of oxidative stress evaluated in this study was not influenced by magnesium.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin and Rutin on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Experimentally Induced Periodontitis in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Gilda M. Iova ◽  
Horia Calniceanu ◽  
Adelina Popa ◽  
Camelia A. Szuhanek ◽  
Olivia Marcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Background: There is a growing interest in the correlation between antioxidants and periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress and the impact of two antioxidants, curcumin and rutin, respectively, in the etiopathology of experimentally induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups and were induced with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: (1) (CONTROL)—control group, (2) (DPP)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, (3) (DPC)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with curcumin (C), (4) (DPR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with rutin (R) and (5) (DPCR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with C and R. We evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress and reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG and catalase (CAT) as biomarkers of the antioxidant capacity in blood harvested from the animals we tested. The MDA levels and CAT activities were also evaluated in the gingival tissue. Results: The control group effect was statistically significantly different from any other groups, regardless of whether or not the treatment was applied. There was also a significant difference between the untreated group and the three treatment groups for variables MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT. There was no significant difference in the mean effect for the MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT variables in the treated groups of rats with curcumin, rutin and the combination of curcumin and rutin. Conclusions: The oral administration of curcumin and rutin, single or combined, could reduce the oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant status in hyperglycemic periodontitis rats.

scholarly journals Feasibility of 3-month melatonin supplementation for brain oxidative stress and sleep in mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041500
Author(s):  
Zoe Menczel Schrire ◽  
Craig L Phillips ◽  
Shantel L Duffy ◽  
Nathaniel S Marshall ◽  
Loren Mowszowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionMelatonin has multiple proposed therapeutic benefits including antioxidant properties, synchronisation of the circadian system and lowering of blood pressure. In this protocol, we outline a randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility, acceptability and tolerability of higher dose (25 mg) melatonin to target brain oxidative stress and sleep disturbance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods and analysisThe study design is a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. Forty individuals with MCI will be recruited from the Healthy Brain Ageing Clinic, University of Sydney and from the community, and randomised to receive either 25 mg oral melatonin or placebo nightly for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes are feasibility of recruitment, acceptability of intervention and adherence to trial medication at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes will include the effect of melatonin on brain oxidative stress as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, blood pressure, blood biomarkers, mood, cognition and sleep. Outcomes will be collected at 6 and 12 weeks. The results of this feasibility trial will inform a future conclusive randomised controlled trial to specifically test the efficacy of melatonin on modifiable risk factors of dementia, as well as cognition and brain function. This will be the first trial to investigate the effect of melatonin in the population with MCI in this way, with the future aim of using this approach to reduce progression to dementia.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Sydney Local Health District Ethics Committee (X18-0077). This randomised controlled trial will be conducted in compliance with the protocol published in the registry, the International Conference for Harmonisation on Good Clinical Practice and all other applicable regulatory requirements. The findings of the trial will be disseminated via conferences, publications and media, as applicable. Participants will be informed of results of the study at the conclusion of the trial. Eligible authors will include investigators who are involved in the conception and design of the study, the conduct of the trial, the analysis of the results, and reporting and presentation of study findings.Trial registration numberAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTRN 12619000876190).Protocol versionV.8 15 October 2020.

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