How does the covid-19 pandemic affect the target 90-90-90?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Joint United Nations Program ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract:: In 2014, The Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) has set an ambitious target code-named 90-90-90, which aims to ensure that 90% of all people living with HIV will know their state, 90% of all people diagnosed will receive sustained antiretroviral therapy, and 90% of all people receiving ART will have viral suppression by 2020. Since 2014, many tests and treatment programs have been developed to achieve the above goals worldwide. In 2019, it was reported that many developed countries can reach the target with the right strategies, as well as regions that are still far from the targets. It has been reported that the fourth 90 should be one of the targets related to HIV infection in recent years. This view, beyond virological suppression, was towards developing programs that would enable people living with HIV to live not only longer but also healthy. The socio-cultural and economic obstacles to reach the targets may vary according to geographical regions, but it is clear that COVID-19 disease, which has taken the whole world under influence since 2019, is a major obstacle to the 90-90-90 targets worldwide. Difficulties in the diagnosis and access to ART and treatment nonadherence which may be encountered more frequently due to many factors may threaten both the health of people living with HIV and public health. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many programs developed in the fight against the HIV epidemic. Considering COVID-19 disease and future epidemics that may create a chaotic environment, analyzing the difficulties experienced in the pandemic retrospectively, and determining new strategies that will bring appropriate solutions to the problems will play an important role in the proper management of future issues.

Twenty one years of HIV/AIDS medicines in the newspaper: patents, protest, and philanthropy

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Owen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Media ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In 1996, highly active antiretrovirals (ARVs) were released to the public, radically altering the health prospects of people living with HIV and AIDS. In the two decades since, ARVs have become the subject of intense political debate and social justice mobilization. In particular, ARV intellectual property patent protections have become a high-profile trade and diplomacy issue, while major philanthropic organizations have entered the fray to support large-scale treatment programs. This article maps 21 years of HIV/AIDS medicines coverage in mainstream newspapers to illustrate these developments and contestations. It demonstrates two main processes: first, where civil society mobilization successfully promoted ARVs onto the media and policy agenda, and second, where issue fragmentation and a changing political and media context saw ARVs dramatically exit the news coverage, despite the continuing catastrophic scale of the global HIV/AIDS medicines crisis.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia among Clients of the AIDS Support Organisation-Entebbe, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Edward Kibikyo Mukooza
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Anaemia, a common hematological disorder in HIV infection, compromises the quality of life and treatment outcomes. At The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Entebbe, the records for the 2016-2018 period show a 10% prevalence of anaemia which is lower than that in literature where it is said to be up to 95%. This study determined the prevalence, type, severity, and determinants of anaemia among people living with HIV and AIDS who receive care from TASO Entebbe in Uganda. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 624 TASO clients. A checklist identified the clients’ Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) combination and viral load. The selected clients’ Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated to assess their nutritional status. A Fully Automated Humacount 60TS Three-Part Hematology Analyzer was used to measure hemoglobin and to do a full blood count. A blood film from each sample was manually examined for the type of anaemia. Data analysis was done with Stata MP 15. The prevalence of anaemia was 44.4%, and the anaemia was mostly mild (54.15%) to moderate (40.80%). Anaemia of inflammation was the commonest type (>58%). Gender, viral suppression, nutritional status, nutritional education, marital and economic status were significantly associated with the anaemia. Duration on ART had a protective effect, but this was not statistically significant. The prevalence of anaemia (44.4%) among the TASO-Entebbe Uganda clients was high, but the anaemia was mostly mild to moderate (>94%) and of inflammation type (>58%). Management of anaemia in HIV requires intentional screening since it compromises treatment outcomes.

HIV and AIDS Stigma Violates Human Rights in Five African Countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thecla W Kohi ◽  
Lucy Makoae ◽  
Maureen Chirwa ◽  
William L Holzemer ◽  
Deliwe RenéPhetlhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Aids Stigma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Living With Hiv

The situation and human rights of people living with HIV and AIDS were explored through focus groups in five African countries (Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland and Tanzania). A descriptive qualitative research design was used. The 251 informants were people living with HIV and AIDS, and nurse managers and nurse clinicians from urban and rural settings. NVivo™ software was used to identify specific incidents related to human rights, which were compared with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The findings revealed that the human rights of people living with HIV and AIDS were violated in a variety of ways, including denial of access to adequate or no health care/services, and denial of home care, termination or refusal of employment, and denial of the right to earn an income, produce food or obtain loans. The informants living with HIV and AIDS were also abused verbally and physically. Country governments and health professionals need to address these issues to ensure the human rights of all people.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic Outcomes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Laura Cheney ◽  
John M. Barbaro ◽  
Joan W. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Target Effects

Antiretroviral drugs have dramatically improved the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV (PLWH). While current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are generally well-tolerated, risks for side effects and toxicity remain as PLWH must take life-long medications. Antiretroviral drugs impact autophagy, an intracellular proteolytic process that eliminates debris and foreign material, provides nutrients for metabolism, and performs quality control to maintain cell homeostasis. Toxicity and adverse events associated with antiretrovirals may be due, in part, to their impacts on autophagy. A more complete understanding of the effects on autophagy is essential for developing antiretroviral drugs with decreased off target effects, meaning those unrelated to viral suppression, to minimize toxicity for PLWH. This review summarizes the findings and highlights the gaps in our knowledge of the impacts of antiretroviral drugs on autophagy.

scholarly journals Clinical situation of Venezuelan migrants living with HIV in a hospital in Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110240
Author(s):  
Genesis S Huerta-Vera ◽  
Manuel A Amarista ◽  
Fernando A Mejía ◽  
Ana B Graña ◽  
Elsa V Gonzalez-Lagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Living With Hiv

Due to a huge crisis extensive to health services many Venezuelan people living with HIV (PLWH) had migrated abroad, including Peru where favorable laws were in place until June 2019. We describe the health status and epidemiological trends of PLWH from Venezuela at an HIV program in Lima. We analyzed baseline and follow-up data of all Venezuelan PLWH enrolled in our HIV program from January 2017 to December 2019. A cross-sectional study in a subsample served to describe ARV adherence and context of migration. Between 2017-2019 our HIV Program registered 398 Venezuelan PLWH, representing 20% of the 2018 annual enrollments; numbers decreased since mid-2019. The median age was 30 years (IQR 26;37) and 90.5% were men. Between 2017 and 2019, the proportion with diagnosis in Peru increased from 14.3% to 60.9%; of AIDS stage at entry, from 8.8% to 27.2%. By December 2019, 182/250 (72.8%) were still in care, and 43 (10.8%) had not started ART. Viral suppression evaluated in 195, was achieved in 71.8%. From 2017 to 2019, migrant PLWH arrived in worsened clinical conditions, with increasing diagnosis in Peru; the flow of migrant PLWH entering care diminished with less favorable laws. Viral suppression rates were suboptimal.

The Mae on Project: Using Acupuncture for Symptom Relief and Improved Quality of Life for People Living with Hiv and Aids in Rural Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Louie ◽  
Nopporn Pathanapornpandh ◽  
Unchalee Pultajuk ◽  
Robert Kaplan ◽  
Ian Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Related Symptom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

Acupuncture in combination with antiretroviral therapies is a potentially useful treatment for HIV-related symptom relief in resource-poor settings. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of being used to enhance immune function. In the setting of HIV, Chinese traditional medicine allows for symptom treatment without adding extra medications to a complex drug regime. This paper provides details of a project at Mae On Hospital in rural northern Thailand where allopathic/conventional treatments are used in tandem with acupuncture. A preliminary evaluation of the project suggests that an integrated approach to symptom relief is viewed positively by respondents receiving acupuncture, though further studies are required to confirm the association between acupuncture and symptom relief. The project also demonstrates the feasibility of developing a cost-effective acupuncture programme using local healthcare staff.

scholarly journals Beyond viral suppression: the quality of life of people living with HIV in Sweden

AIDS Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galit Zeluf-Andersson ◽  
Lars E. Eriksson ◽  
Lena Nilsson Schönnesson ◽  
Jonas Höijer ◽  
Peter Månehall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv
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