scholarly journals Historical stages in the formation of the scientific knowledge system in a theoretical and methodological context

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Leonid Griffen ◽  
Nadiia Ryzheva ◽  
Dmytro Nefodov ◽  
Lyudmila Hryashchevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Object Of Study

Current tendencies question the role of science in modern society, force returning to the processes of formation of the scientific paradigm. The latter was complex and nonlinear, and the formation of scientific principles of cognition was their natural result. Throughout human history, the knowledge about the objective world has been acquired and used in various, historically necessary forms – both in the methodology of cognition and in the method of systematisation, which was determined by the level of their accumulation. The accumulation of knowledge took place in different ways: in the process of direct practical activity, on the basis of supposedly “foreign” contemplation and as a result of conscious influence on an object of study (experiment) with their different “specific weight” at different historical stages. As for the systematisation, the need for which was determined by systemic nature of an object of knowledge and the social nature of knowledge, throughout the history of mankind its forms differed considerably, but, in the end, were reduced to three main ones. 

Re-conceiving rights revolutions: The persistence of a sociological deficit in theories of rights

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Thornhill
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Sociological Inquiry ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conventional Paradigm

AbstractThis article argues that the history of sociological theory has been shadowed by the attempt to account for the social status of rights: the analysis of rights revolutions is in fact a question of deeply formative significance for sociological inquiry. Both in classical and contemporary literature, however, the endeavour to explain rights sociologically has not been fully successful. Consequently, an attempt is made here to adjust the conventional paradigm for observing rights and to explain the underlying social dimensions of rights. To this end, this article aims to analyze rights, neither as institutions imposed on political power nor as expressions of primary human emphases or liberties, but as constructs that allow modern societies to articulate the reserves of power on which they rely. The construction of rights is examined as an element in the positivization of modern political power, and the role of rights in producing power is approached through a functional reconstruction of the historical formation of institutions conventionally utilizing political power in modern society. The article concludes by offering a critique of standard assumptions about rights.

scholarly journals Social history of sports development: From the cave to the entertainment for billions

Kultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 346-372
Author(s):  
Slobodan Penezić
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Almost All

Nowadays, sports and sports competitions are indisputably superior forms of popular entertainment and also sort of activities that are a part of everyday life for almost all of us, whether we are observers or direct participants in some of them. For the same reason, they are also some of the most profitable industries that bring huge profits and popularity to many of its actors. For all those reasons, the social context of the present role of the sport is certainly an important topic for analysis, as well as the history of changes that have resulted in the position and influence that sports hold in the modern society, and vice versa. Therefore, this text has an ambition to highlight the broader horizon of events that have led to a place that sports occupy today. On the other hand, it also sheds some light on the complicity and interactivity that existed from the beginning, along the line, between sport and the society, a culmination of which is visible in current spectacular outlines of sporting events. In this way, it points to one of the primary aspects of all sports events, but also to those secondary visible elements that today are often in the primary focus of all participants, due to the money and the attention that are following sports and sport athletes.

scholarly journals LOOK AT THE HISTORICAL PROCESSES OF THE FORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
V.V. Mashtalir ◽  
L.O. Griffen ◽  
N.О. Ryzheva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Growth Of Knowledge ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Object Of Study

The article examines the historical development of the processes of knowledge accumulation, which eventually led to the formation of the current scientific paradigm, which is the information basis of modern human life. The article is based on the scientific-critical use of previous achievements in the field of history of science. The scientific novelty of the article is a comprehensive presentation of the historical development of the scientific paradigm as a result of a natural dialectical change of its specific stages with appropriate systematization of knowledge (mythology, philosophy, science), caused by the growth of knowledge and development of research methods. contemplation, experiment with the subsequent formation of a theoretical model). Materials, research in the article allow us to say that current trends in the role of science in modern society are forcing us to return to the processes of formation of the scientific paradigm. The latter were complex and nonlinear, and the formation of scientific principles of cognition was their natural result. Throughout human history, the acquisition and use of knowledge about the objective world has been carried out in various, historically necessary forms - both in the methodology of cognition and in the method of systematization, which was determined by the level of their accumulation. The authors note that the accumulation of knowledge in society took place in the process of direct practical activity, on the basis of alleged "external" contemplation and as a result of conscious influence on the object of study (experiment) with their different "specific weight" at different historical stages. Thus, today the scientific paradigm is a natural result of the historical development of forms of knowledge and its highest achievement, and the reduction of its role objectively leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of social development.

scholarly journals Rewolucje naukowe według Sadego a dzisiejsza epistemologia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Adam Grobler
Keyword(s):  
Background Knowledge ◽  
History Of Physics ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Hinge Epistemology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suitable Modification

W. Sady’s book Struktura rewolucji relatywistycznej i kwantowej w fizyce [The Structure of the Relativist and Quantum Revolutions in Physics] is discussed. In his analysis of the history of physics of XIX and early XX centuries the Author argues, contrary to Kuhn, that grand discoveries result as conclusions from certain assumptions and suitably selected pieces of background knowledge. I point to major Sady’s inspirations — Wittgenstein, Wiśniewski and Fleck — and the kinship of his account to hinge epistemology and my sandwich theory of knowledge. His view on the social nature of knowledge and the role of mathematics is commented upon. In conclusion I suggest that the tension between Sady’s antirealism and traditional truth requirement for knowledge can be resolved by a suitable modification of Ajdukiewicz’s radical conventionalism.

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

Generative pedagogies from and for the social production of habitat: Learning from HIC-AL School of grassroots urbanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wesely ◽  
Adriana Allen ◽  
Lorena Zárate ◽  
María Silvia Emanuelli
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
Global South ◽  
Generative Learning ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

Re-thinking dominant epistemological assumptions of the urban in the global South implies recognising the role of grassroots networks in challenging epistemic injustices through the co-production of multiple saberes and haceres for more just and inclusive cities. This paper examines the pedagogies of such networks by focusing on the experiences nurtured within Habitat International Coalition in Latin America (HIC-AL), identified as a ‘School of Grassroots Urbanism’ (Escuela de Urbanismo Popular). Although HIC-AL follows foremost activist rather than educational objectives, members of HIC-AL identify and value their practices as a ‘School’, whose diverse pedagogic logics and epistemological arguments are examined in this paper. The analysis builds upon a series of in-depth interviews, document reviews and participant observation with HIC-AL member organisations and allied grassroots networks. The discussion explores how the values and principles emanating from a long history of popular education and popular urbanism in the region are articulated through situated pedagogies of resistance and transformation, which in turn enable generative learning from and for the social production of habitat.

THE ROLE OF LIBERAL IDEOLOGY IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Irina N. Mysliaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Ideology

The article examines the causes and directions of transformation of the social functions of the state. The role of liberal ideology in changing the forms and methods of state social policy in the context of globalization is determined. The interrelation between specific measures of social support of the population and the interests of large transnational capital in modern society is revealed.

Development of ecological culture of an individual in a multicultural environment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 89-90 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Natalia Evstafyeva ◽  
◽  
Irina Wagner ◽  
Yulia Grishaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The article deals with methodological aspects of the development of ecological culture of schoolchildren in a multicultural educational environment. The authors identify two acute problems in modern society – multiculturalism and ecology. The Russian Federation is a multicultural country. Multicultural education is aimed at preserving the diversity of Russian society, carries the potential and tool for protecting ethnic and national communities in a multi-ethnic Russia, promotes the integration of all territorial-economic, political and national-cultural communities into a single Russian nation, allows a person to adapt to a multicultural world, helps a person understand himself and the people around him and promote the social role of a cultural person in society. The authors consider the relationship between multiculturalism and ethnopedagogy, identify the main pedagogical approaches and principles of development of multicultural education. The article notes the importance of integration of two significant areas in education and in the world - ethnology and ecology. Together they make an ethno-cultural module and an eco-cultural module which form the values for the society sustainable development. The possibility of using the technology of project activity through the implementation of ethno-ecological projects of students is considered. The authors note that ethnoecological projects on the dominant activity of students can be of different directions: research, educational, creative or practical ones. The most effective way to work on projects is through the implementation of a system of eco-oriented multicultural project weeks. Authors pay an important attention to the projects aimed at studying the ethnoecological traditions of the native land, the peculiarities of its geography, climate, natural landscape, flora and fauna, reflected in folklore, folk crafts, cults, rituals, holidays, legends, myths, etc.

Social Olfaction: A Review of the Role of Olfaction in a Variety of Animal Behaviors

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lou Cheal ◽  
Richard L. Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Animal Behaviors ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Behavior Of Animals

Behavioral olfactory experiments were reviewed, relating the behavioral effects of pheromones to the psychophysical work in olfaction. Short descriptions of various experiments were used to show the importance of olfaction to the social behavior of animals by tracing the history of the experimental evidence and viewing the behavioral data pertaining to the discharge of pheromones and their effects and to look at the psychophysical evidence for olfactory acuity and the behavioral implications for the role of the physiological structures in olfaction.

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