scholarly journals ACCOUNTING THE IMPACT OF HYDROGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE SAFETY OF NAVIGATION OF LARGE-TONNAGE VESSELS IN THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE WATER AREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Andreeva ◽  
◽  
Kristina Y. Esaulova ◽  
Aleksandr L. Tezikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Area ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Development of Northern Sea Route: Prospects for International Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
A. V. Kirgizov-Barskii
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Transportation Route ◽  
Modern Technologies

Today due to global climate change the Northern Sea Route is being formed along the northern coast of Russia as a new international maritime passage in the Arctic. Due to the rapid increase in the interest of regional and non-Arctic states, the scientific community and business to this transportation route, there is a need to study the prospects for cooperation between Russia and other countries on the development of the Northern Sea Route. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the interests of external players in the NSR area, taking into account the latest changes and events, while the author uses swot-analysis and a comparative analytical approach to conduct the study. The results of the study have shown that cooperation with some Arctic countries on the development of the NSR could bring mutual benefits: Canada and Russia would exchange experience on the development of similar sea routes, and Norway and Iceland would receive advantages as hubs on new routes. Non-regional countries, such as China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore and India, are interested in the NSR. For them, the Northern Sea Route is potentially shorter and safer compared to traditional routes, and it also allows to participate in projects located near its water area in science, energy and transport sectors. In turn, the participation of foreign partners is important for Russia, since it is usually accompanied by the active use of the route, the creation of large projects throughout its entire length, the attraction of serious funds, modern technologies and knowledge to the Arctic zone of the country.

scholarly journals The Impact of Water Intrusion on Pathogenic Vibrio Species to Inland Brackish Waters of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6781
Author(s):  
Qingyao Wang ◽  
Songzhe Fu ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Jingwei Hao ◽  
Can Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The estuary is the ecological niche of pathogenic Vibrio spp. as it provides abundant organic and inorganic nutrients from seawater and rivers. However, little is known about the ecology of these Vibrio species in the inland brackish water area. In this study, their co-occurrence and relationships to key environmental constraints (salinity and temperature) in the Hun-Tai River of China were examined using the most probable number polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) approach. We hereby report 2-year continuous surveillance based on six water indices of the Hun-Tai River. The results showed that seawater intrusion maximally reached inland as far as 26.5 km for the Hun-Tai River. Pathogenic Vibrio spp. were detected in 21.9% of the water samples. In particular, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus were isolated in 10 (10.4%), 20 (20.8.5%), and 2 (2.08%) samples, respectively. All V. parahaemolyticus strains were tdh gene negative, 10% were positive for the trh gene. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) divided V. parahaemolyticus strains into 12 sequence types (STs) for the Hun-Tai River. Five STs were respectively present in various locations along the Hun-Tai River. The PCR assay for detecting six virulence genes and Vibrio seventh pandemic island I and II revealed three genotypes in 12 V. cholerae isolates. The results of our study showed that seawater intrusion and salinity have profound effects on the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the inland river, suggesting a potential health risk associated with the waters of the Hun-Tai River used for irrigation and drinking.

scholarly journals Ecological condition of the Dnieper-river water area in the zone of the impact of urbosystems (exemplified by Kherson)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
V.I. Pichura ◽  
◽  
L.O. Potravka ◽  
S.V. Skok ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Economics and politics of “old confrontation” in the New Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-2021) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Asja A. Shchegol'kova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Strategic Space ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
Economics And Politics

The modern Arctic is becoming the strategic space and area of competition of many powers, the arena of political confrontations between Arctic and non-Arctic states. Arctic research has moved from the sphere of science to the sphere of geopolitics and geoeconomics and is of strategic importance in the system of national security. Climatic fluctuations in the Arctic have increased the availability of hydrocarbon, biological and other resources, and improved ice conditions in the water area of the Northern Sea Route. The study analyzes the Arctic policy of Western European and North American countries in the conditions of the “New Arctic”. An overview of strategic documents on ensuring the spatial development.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Ecosystem Service Value Determined by Land-Use Changes in the Urbanization of Anhui Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Hu ◽  
Longqian Chen ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Bingyi Wang ◽  
Lina Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Ecosystem Service Value ◽  
Service Value ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization-induced land-use change will lead to variations in the demand and supply of ecosystem services, thus significantly affecting regional ecosystem services. The continuous degradation of ecosystem functions has become a serious problem for humanity to solve. Therefore, quantitative analysis of the corresponding impact of land-use change on ecosystem service value (ESV) is important to socio-economic development and ecological protection. The Anhui province in China has experienced rapid urbanization in recent years, and ecological environmental remediation and protection have become important goals for regional development. In this paper, the province of Anhui has been selected as a case of study, we analyzed the land-use change using Landsat images from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. We then adjusted the equivalent factor of ESV per unit area and estimated the ESV of Anhui province from 2000 to 2015 to analyze the impact of land-use change on ESV. Our results show that (1) paddy field is the main land-use type in Anhui province, the built-up land area has continuously increased, and the water area has continuously decreased; (2) the total ESV of Anhui province decreased from 30,015.58 × 107 CNY in 2000 to 29,683.74 × 107 CNY in 2015 (the rate of change was −1.11%), and regulating services make the greatest contribution to ESV; and (3) land-use change has led to severe ESV variations, especially for the expansion of water area and built-up land. Our study results provide useful insights for the development of land-use management and environmental protection policies in Anhui province.

Russia and China in the Arctic: Real or Alleged Disagreements?

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. Zagorskii
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law

The article concentrates on two issues articulated by Xu Guangmiao in her article “China's Arctic Interests and Policy: History, Legal Ground and Implementation” published in the same issue of the Journal: Arctic Governance (and particularly the applicability of the "Common Heritage of the Mankind in the Arctic" concept), as well as the concept of the Northern Sea Route “internationalization” based on the navigation freedom principle. Both issues are considered controversial in Russia–China relations. In addressing those issues, the author seeks to separate real and alleged divergences between the two countries. He argues that apparent differences in their particular approaches do not reflect any fundamental divergences and can be transcended if handled pragmatically, with recognition of the sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdictions of coastal states, as well as of the non-Arctic states' rights and responsibilities under the Law of the Sea. In particular, the author argues that there is no controversy surrounding China’s expectation that an Area of the Common Heritage of the Mankind would occur in the central part of the Arctic Ocean as long as the process of the continental shelf outer limits setting by the coastal states in the Arctic Ocean takes place within the procedures established by the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Similarly, China accepts the regulation of vessels traffic alongside the Northern Sea Route based on the Article 234 of the Convention, and would not be able to claim the freedom of transit passage through the NSR straits unless it joined the U.S. claim that the straight baselines drawn by Russia (and Canada) effectively including those straits into their internal sea waters violate the provisions of the Convention. So far, China does not. And as long as the NSR water area remains ice-covered for most of the year, this issue remains of theoretical rather than of practical importance.

Investigating chemical composition of the troposphere over the Russian Arctic using the "Optik" Tu-134 aircraft laboratory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris D. Belan ◽  
Pavel N. Antokhin ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Arshinov ◽  
Sergey B. Belan ◽  
Denis K. Davydov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
The Impact

<p>The need to undertake a comprehensive investigation of the atmospheric composition over the Russian segment of the Arctic is caused by a serious lack and irregularity in obtaining observational data from this regio of the Earth. In addition, a comparison of the aircraft in-situ measurements with satellite data retrieved for the Kara Sea region in 2017 revealed large uncertainties in determining the vertical distribution of greenhouse gas concentrations using remote sensing methods. The development and improvement of the last ones needs at least their periodic verification by means of undertaking precise in-situ aircraft measurements.</p><p>The general scheme of the proposed experiment is as follows (map is attached): flight from Novosibirsk to Naryan-Mar via Sabetta. From Naryan-Mar, flight to a water area of the Bering Sea (up to 1000 km). Flight from Naryan-Mar to Sabetta. From here, flight to a water area of the Kara Sea (up to 1000 km). Then, flight to Tiksi. Flight from Tiksi to a water area of the Laptev Sea (up to 1000 km). Flight to Chokurdakh or Chersky. From there, flight to a water area of the East Siberian Sea (up to 1000 km). Flight to Cape Schmidt. Flight to a water area of the Chukchi Sea (up to 1000 km). Return route: Cape Shmidt–Chersky (or Chokurdah)–Yakutsk–Bratsk–Novosibirsk. It will take about 100 hours of flying time to implement the entire aircraft campaign. Campaign period is about 2-3 weeks. It is better to undertake the campaign during summer when the ocean is open. Flights over the land surface are assumed to be undertaken from 0.5 km to 11 km above ground level while above the sea from 0.2 km to 11 km. The flight profile is variable from the maximum possible height to the minimum allowed one. Vertical profiles of gas and aerosol composition will be obtained, including black carbon and organic components, as well as basic meteorological quantities.</p><p>Satellite data will be verified that do not yet provide acceptable accuracy. For the first time, unique information will be obtained over the least explored region of the Arctic, which is crucial for the whole planet in terms of climate formation and the impact of global warming.</p>

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