Problems of the Development of Mineral Resources with Year-Round Transportation of the Products from the Water Area of the Northern Sea Route

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
M.N. Grigoryev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Northern Sea Route

scholarly journals Development of Transit Potential of the Northern Sea Route

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
M. N. Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Arctic Navigation ◽  
National Investment

The sectoral structure of the Northern sea transport corridor is defined, the set of the transport tasks provided to them - the international transit, import and export operations, internal transportations is considered. It is shown that in relation to the water area of the sector of the Northern Sea Route both the international, and internal transportations (big cabotage and intersectoral transportations) can be referred to transit. The analysis of transit transportations across the Northern Sea Route between the countries in 2010-2018 is carried out, dynamics and commodity structure of transit is defined. Dynamics of transit transportations of main types of freights is considered: bulk freights (oil products, gas condensate), bulk cargoes (iron ore, coal). The analysis of dynamics of in-Russian transit transportations across the Northern Sea Route is carried out; dynamics of transportations of frozen fish which transportation the possibility of creation of the year-round container line between the ports of Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky, Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and St. Petersburg contacts is separately considered. Results of development of transit transportations in 2010-2018 are generalized and the factors defining demand of transit transportations of different types of freights are defined. Assessment of prospects of development of transit freight traffic by foreign shipping companies (Maersk) is given. The conclusion is drawn that a priority of development of navigation in the sector of the Northern Sea Route is providing national investment projects - transportations of mineral resources and ensuring activity of mining companies. At the same time, creation of a steady system of transportation of the Arctic mineral resources defines problems of development of icebreaking, navigation and hydrometeorological providing that will lead to reduction of risk of the Arctic navigation and will increase appeal of the sea Arctic transport system in general. It is defined that emergency conditions for development of navigation in the water area of the Northern Sea Route are: expansion of group of the domestic Arctic linear icebreaker fleet; central planning of sea freight transportation and coordination of actions of participants which could increase appeal of use of the Northern Sea Route including for transit transportations.

scholarly journals Development of Northern Sea Route: Prospects for International Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
A. V. Kirgizov-Barskii
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Transportation Route ◽  
Modern Technologies

Today due to global climate change the Northern Sea Route is being formed along the northern coast of Russia as a new international maritime passage in the Arctic. Due to the rapid increase in the interest of regional and non-Arctic states, the scientific community and business to this transportation route, there is a need to study the prospects for cooperation between Russia and other countries on the development of the Northern Sea Route. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the interests of external players in the NSR area, taking into account the latest changes and events, while the author uses swot-analysis and a comparative analytical approach to conduct the study. The results of the study have shown that cooperation with some Arctic countries on the development of the NSR could bring mutual benefits: Canada and Russia would exchange experience on the development of similar sea routes, and Norway and Iceland would receive advantages as hubs on new routes. Non-regional countries, such as China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore and India, are interested in the NSR. For them, the Northern Sea Route is potentially shorter and safer compared to traditional routes, and it also allows to participate in projects located near its water area in science, energy and transport sectors. In turn, the participation of foreign partners is important for Russia, since it is usually accompanied by the active use of the route, the creation of large projects throughout its entire length, the attraction of serious funds, modern technologies and knowledge to the Arctic zone of the country.

scholarly journals Economics and politics of “old confrontation” in the New Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-2021) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Asja A. Shchegol'kova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Strategic Space ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
Economics And Politics

The modern Arctic is becoming the strategic space and area of competition of many powers, the arena of political confrontations between Arctic and non-Arctic states. Arctic research has moved from the sphere of science to the sphere of geopolitics and geoeconomics and is of strategic importance in the system of national security. Climatic fluctuations in the Arctic have increased the availability of hydrocarbon, biological and other resources, and improved ice conditions in the water area of the Northern Sea Route. The study analyzes the Arctic policy of Western European and North American countries in the conditions of the “New Arctic”. An overview of strategic documents on ensuring the spatial development.

Russia and China in the Arctic: Real or Alleged Disagreements?

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. Zagorskii
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law

The article concentrates on two issues articulated by Xu Guangmiao in her article “China's Arctic Interests and Policy: History, Legal Ground and Implementation” published in the same issue of the Journal: Arctic Governance (and particularly the applicability of the "Common Heritage of the Mankind in the Arctic" concept), as well as the concept of the Northern Sea Route “internationalization” based on the navigation freedom principle. Both issues are considered controversial in Russia–China relations. In addressing those issues, the author seeks to separate real and alleged divergences between the two countries. He argues that apparent differences in their particular approaches do not reflect any fundamental divergences and can be transcended if handled pragmatically, with recognition of the sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdictions of coastal states, as well as of the non-Arctic states' rights and responsibilities under the Law of the Sea. In particular, the author argues that there is no controversy surrounding China’s expectation that an Area of the Common Heritage of the Mankind would occur in the central part of the Arctic Ocean as long as the process of the continental shelf outer limits setting by the coastal states in the Arctic Ocean takes place within the procedures established by the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Similarly, China accepts the regulation of vessels traffic alongside the Northern Sea Route based on the Article 234 of the Convention, and would not be able to claim the freedom of transit passage through the NSR straits unless it joined the U.S. claim that the straight baselines drawn by Russia (and Canada) effectively including those straits into their internal sea waters violate the provisions of the Convention. So far, China does not. And as long as the NSR water area remains ice-covered for most of the year, this issue remains of theoretical rather than of practical importance.

scholarly journals Socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space in the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Didenko ◽  
Djamilia Skripnuk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Current State ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Integrated Programs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Basis

The article states the new technical basis of production, which is socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space, and also analyzes the current state of studies on the problem regarding the development of socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. The concepts definition is described – socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. The paper proposes to take the target subspaces of the Arctic territory of the Russian Federation as a territory for application of socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. There are seven types of target subspaces for the Arctic development as the targets for the ideology of socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space: base cities, mobile filed camps, territories for mineral resources extraction, recreational areas, fishing grounds, northern sea route, safe existence protection infrastructure. The article outlines the concept of building socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. The global conceptual goal of the Russian Arctic development is stated as a transition to the functioning of the Arctic zone in the mode of sustainable development on the basis of socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space. The targeted integrated programs have been conceptually selected as a tool for arrangement and management of the socio-cyberphysical systems and intellectual space development in the target sub-spaces of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Assessment of opportunities for the development of Arctic communications in the area of the Northern Sea Route.

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2/2021) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Medeya V. Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
External Environment ◽  
World Market ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
New Guidelines

New plans for the development of the Russian Arctic caused certain reactions from both the external and internal environment. In March 2018, the President of the country announced new guidelines for the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The documents for the strategic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation were asserted. One of the main directions in these documents is the development of the NSR as a competitive national transport means of communication of the Russian Federation on the world market. As a part of the research, the political and economic aspects of the external environment were studied, which affect the development and functioning of Arctic communications in the water area of the NSR. The informational basis was provided by expert assessments of scientists and politicians, as well as by publications of news outlets and experts’ interviews. The specificity of the institutional legal field of the NSR is considered. The article reveals the phenomena of "Arctic dualism" caused by the clash of national and international law, when changes in the national legal field lead to a response from other Arctic states and an increase in political risks related to increased competition. The main business trends in the development of the NSR were also identified. The period considered in the article is characterized by the strengthening of the domestic economic policy of Russia, which is aimed at enhancing business processes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the considered trends within the external environment indicate a number of restrictions for the use of the NSR as an international transit highway. The processes considered indicate that in the near future, the use of the NSR can only be considered in the context of meeting the industrial needs of the Arctic business.

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