scholarly journals Evaluation of different fungicides against foliar blight complex of onion in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1481-1485
Author(s):  
KK Gondaliya ◽  
SI Patel ◽  
NK Thumbadiya
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Blight

scholarly journals Invitro Studies on the Direct Effect of Garlic Cloves and Different Botanical Extracts against Bipolaris sorokiniana (sacc.) Shoem Causing Foliar Blight of Wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165-1168
Author(s):  
Joru Prashanth ◽  
S.S. Vaish ◽  
S. Omprakash
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Percent Concentration ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Clove Extract ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT: Foliar blight of wheat is mainly caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. syn. Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) have emerged as serious concern for cultivation of wheat in warmer and humid regions of the world. A study has been conducted at Department of Mycology and plant pathology, Institute of Agricultural sciences, BHU, Varanasi on in vitro evaluation of direct effect of garlic cloves and different botanical extracts viz garlic (Allium sativum L.) clove extract, ginger (Zingeber officinale L.) rhizome extract, neem (Azadiracta indica L.) leaves extract, onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb extract, tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) and marigold (Tagetus erecta L.) leaves extract were evaluated against foliar blight of wheat. The reduction in growth of the fungus measured to the difference in radius of the colony covered with cloves and kept uncovered exhibited 45% reduction in growth of B. Sorokiniana four days after the clove treatment and out of the six test botanicals, garlic clove extract showed complete inhibition of spore germination followed by ginger rhizome extract and neem leaves extract at the 5.0 percent concentration ( P=0.05).

scholarly journals Integrated Management of Foliar Blight of Medicinal Crop (Turmeric) Caused by Alternaria alternata

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
S. A. Azad ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Vikas Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Foliar Blight

The infected samples were collected from three districts viz; Kathua, Samba and Jammu for the study of the disease. The causal fungus of the disease was isolated and identified as Alternaria alternata on the basis of morphological characteristics. The cultivars PH-1 and local cultivar of turmeric were sown with three replications in the year 2014 and 2015 respectively, each to study the disease development and its management. During in vitro studies, the five groups of fungicide (Mancozeb, Carbendazim, Copper Oxychloride, Hexaconazole and Propiconazole) were evaluated against Altenaria alternata causing disease, best results were obtained with hexaconazole. The antagonistic activity of two fungal and two bacterial biocontrol agents were studied by dual culture thus Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas flurescens portrayed better results. Under compatibility of fungal bioagents and bacterial bioagents best compatibility was observed between copper oxychloride and Trichoderma viride and hexaconazole and Pseudomonas flurescens. Under the field conditions the best results among all fifteen treatments, with minimum disease intensity was observed in terms of integration i.e (hexaconazole + Trichoderma viride) (4.2%) in PH-1 cultivar and (6.7%) in local cultivar.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEAT RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA AND THEIR ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY AGAINST WHEAT FOLIAR BLIGHT PATHOGENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-620
Author(s):  
Vandana Jaggi ◽  
◽  
Samiksha Joshi ◽  
Hemant Dasila ◽  
Navneet Pareek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Blight Disease

The current study aimed to explore the wheat rhizospheric bacterial community for in vitro plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits and antagonistic activity against foliar blight disease of wheat caused by Alternaria triticina and Bipolaris sorokiniana. The soil samples from the wheat fields across four Indian states namely Uttarakhand (2 sites), Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, enzymatic activities, and bacterial population density (CFU g-1). Amongst the tested soil samples, field soil from Uttar Pradesh has the highest bacterial population density (2.5x107 CFU g 1) while the Uttarakhand (Almora) soil has the lowest (8.5x 105 CFU g 1). A total of 45 bacterial isolates recovered from all the sites were morphologically identified and screened for in-vitro solubilization of phosphate & zinc, production of ammonia, siderophore, chitinase, protease, cellulase, amylase, lipase, and antagonistic activity. All isolates were found positive for one or more tested functional traits. Amongst 45 isolates, six showed >50% inhibition of Alternaria triticina and Bipolaris sorokiniana mycelium, and three isolates P10, UP11 & MH13 exhibited antagonistic activity against both the tested phytopathogens. Through 16S rDNA sequencing six putative biocontrol isolates, P10, UP11, MH13, MP17, MH12, and MP14 were identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus (MN099430.1), Bacillus subtilis (MN099431.1), Bacillus sp. (MN099432.1), Streptomyces sp. (MN099435.1), Lysinibacillus sp. (MN099433.1), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MN099434.1). The selected wheat rhizobacteria exhibited PGP traits and biocontrol potential hence, may serve as putative biocontrol agents, for the management of foliar blight disease of wheat.

scholarly journals An In Planta Method for Assessing the Role of Basidiospores in Rhizoctonia Foliar Disease of Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith E. Bartz ◽  
Marc A. Cubeta ◽  
Takeshi Toda ◽  
Shigeo Naito ◽  
Kelly L. Ivors
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Hyphal Anastomosis ◽  
Blight Disease

A tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) foliar blight disease of unknown etiology was observed in North Carolina (NC) during 2005 to 2006. Symptoms included necrotic lesions and blighted leaves, with signs of white mycelial growth on abaxial leaf surfaces. The morphology of isolates from symptomatic leaves was consistent with that of Rhizoctonia solani. Because the pattern of symptom expression suggested that basidiospores were the primary inoculum source, Koch's postulates were fulfilled using a method to generate basidiospores in planta. Isolates were characterized by morphology, DNA sequence analysis, hyphal anastomosis, and somatic hyphal interactions. Phylogenetic analyses and hyphal anastomosis criteria support placement of the isolates in R. solani anastomosis group 3 (AG-3). Tomato foliar blight isolates from NC form a single phylogenetic group with tomato isolates of R. solani AG-3 from Japan and are more closely related to R. solani AG-3 isolates from potato than tobacco. Isolates exhibited both compatible and incompatible hyphal interactions when paired in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of tomato foliar blight caused by R. solani AG-3 in North America. A comprehensive description of the technique employed for producing basidiospores is presented with potential utility for understanding foliar disease etiology in other Rhizoctonia pathosystems.

scholarly journals A Foliar Blight and Tuber Rot of Potato Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae: New Occurrences and Characterization of Isolates

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Taylor ◽  
Julie S. Pasche ◽  
Courtney A. Gallup ◽  
H. David Shew ◽  
Neil C. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Pink Rot ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Potato Foliage ◽  
First Time

Phytophthora spp. are pathogenic to many plant species worldwide, and late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, and pink rot, caused by P. erythroseptica, are two important diseases of potato. Another Phytophthora sp., P. nicotianae, was recovered from pink-rot-symptomatic tubers collected from commercial fields in Nebraska, Florida, and Missouri in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. P. nicotianae also was recovered from foliage obtained from commercial potato fields in Nebraska and Texas exhibiting symptoms very similar to those of late blight. Isolates of P. cactorum also were recovered from foliar infections in a commercial potato field in Minnesota in 2005. Natural infection of potato foliage by P. cactorum and infection of wounded potato tuber tissue via inoculation with zoospores of P. capsici are reported here for the first time. Isolates of P. nicotianae, regardless of origin, were primarily of the A1 mating type. All isolates of P. nicotianae and P. cactorum were sensitive to the fungicide mefenoxam. Optimum growth of P. nicotianae, P. erythroseptica, and P. cactorum in vitro occurred at 25°C; however, only P. nicotianae sustained growth at 35°C. Regardless of the tissue of origin, all isolates of P. nicotianae and P. cactorum were capable of infecting potato tubers and leaves. However, isolates of P. nicotianae were less aggressive than P. erythroseptica isolates only when tubers were not wounded prior to inoculation. Pink rot incidence varied significantly among potato cultivars following inoculation of nonwounded tubers with zoospores of P. nicotianae, ranging from 51% in Red Norland to 19% in Atlantic. Phytophthora spp. also differed significantly in their ability to infect potato leaves. Highest infection frequencies were obtained with P. infestans and levels of infection varied significantly among P. nicotianae isolates. The rate of foliar lesion expansion was similar among isolates of P. nicotianae and P. infestans. Whereas P. infestans infections yielded profuse sporulation, no sporulation was observed with foliar infections of P. nicotianae.

scholarly journals Development of Tuber Blight (Phytophthora infestans) on Potato Cultivars Based on In Vitro Assays and Field Evaluations

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1501-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Nyankanga ◽  
Ocen Modesto Olanya ◽  
Hans C. Wien ◽  
Ramzy El-Bedewy ◽  
John Karinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Tuber Blight

Tuber blight may result from infection of wounded or unwounded potato tubers exposed to sporangia from foliar blight, soil, or blighted tubers. However, there are limited data on the prediction of tuber blight in field or storage environment based on in vitro assays. To assess this relationship, potato cultivars with foliar blight resistance (R-genes) and general resistance were evaluated for tuber blight incited by Phytophthora infestans (US-1) based on wound-induced and unwounded tuber inoculations. Surface lesion diameter, lesion depth, and frequency distribution of blighted tubers were assessed in in vitro assays and tuber blight incidence determined in field experiments. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in lesion diameter and depth were recorded among cultivars. Surface lesion diameter, depth, and index ranged from 5 to 40, 2 to 16.3, and 15 to 656 mm, respectively, in wound-inoculated tubers. In nonwounded tuber assays, the incidence of blighted tubers ranged from 0% to 8.7% in both years. Tuber blight infection of potato cultivars varied between years in field studies. Although tuber infection differed among cultivars, the frequency of blighted tubers had a normal statistical distribution irrespective of R-genes, implying that foliar resistance may have limited effect on tuber blight occurrence based on in vitro experiments. Prediction of tuber blight based on inoculation assays can be effectively used to estimate and manage blight development in storage environments.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

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