scholarly journals Optimasi Penggunaan High Shear Mixer pada Pembuatan Fraksi Alkaloid dari Daun Awar-awar (Ficus septica) dengan Desain Faktorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Chelvin Ari Kusnanto ◽  
Andayana Puspitasari Gani ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono ◽  
Nanang Fakhrudin
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Alkaloid Contents ◽  
Solvent Volume

Awar-awar (Ficus septica) is an Indonesian anticancer plant that contains alkaloids as the active compound. The n-hexane insoluble fraction (FTLH) is alkaloid-containing fraction obtained from the ethanolic extract of F. septica leaves (EEDFS) by fractionation using n-hexane. High shear mixer (HSM) can be used to optimize the separation processes, including fractionation. The application of HSM in the fractionation of EEDFS is affected by fractionation duration, amount of solvent per gram extract, and strirring strength. Thus, these parameters must be optimized to obtain the optimum condition for the production of FTLH with the highest alkaloid content. This study aimed to optimize the production of FTLH using HSM with factorial designs. The single factor experimental design was employed to determine the influence of the individual variable on the alkaloid content and to define the optimum range value of each variable. A full factorial design was used to determine the presence of interaction among the factors and to determine the optimal fractionation condition. The results showed that all investigated factors independently affected alkaloid contents. The solvent volume of 14-18 mL per gram extract, the fractionation duration of 2.5-5.0 minutes, and the stirring strength of 3000 rpm are the optimal range value of each factor. The optimal conditions were solvent volume of 14.0-14.4 mL/gram extract, fractionation duration of 2.5-2.7 minutes, and strirring strength at 3000 rpm. At the optimal condition, the total alkaloid content in the FTLH reached 0.1466% or 1.3 times higher than the extract (0.1128%).

Integrated Ultrasound-Mechanical Stirrer Technique for Extraction of Total Alkaloid Content from Annona muricata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Hau Lee ◽  
Lee Ting Hun ◽  
Pei Ying Ong ◽  
Syie Luing Wong ◽  
Norfadilah Hamdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content

Biosynthetic and cytological studies in tissue cultures and regenerated plants of haploid Atropa belladonna

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2781-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Eapen ◽  
T. S. Rangan ◽  
M. S. Chadha ◽  
M. R. Heble
Keyword(s):  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Atropa Belladonna ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Alkaloid Contents

Tissue cultures have been established from leaves of one anther-derived haploid plant of Atropa belladonna L. Regenerants obtained from callus cultures were transferred to soil and reared to maturity. Callus cells and regenerants exhibited variable degrees of ploidy. The frequency of different ploidy levels in both the systems did not vary significantly during fifth to eighth serial passages.Callus tissue and regenerated plants (at flowering stage) were analyzed to determine the concentration of tropine, atropine, scopolamine, and total alkaloids. While the alkaloid content in callus cultures was very low (0.8 × 10−3%), the regenerated plants contained different levels of individual and total alkaloids. The ploidy of the plant had direct bearing on the individual and total alkaloid contents.

scholarly journals Alkaloids of the sorghum ergot pathogen (Claviceps africana): assay methods for grain and feed and variation between sclerotia/sphacelia

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Blaney ◽  
R. Maryam ◽  
S-A. Murray ◽  
M. J. Ryley
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Claviceps Africana ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content ◽  
Mixed Feeds ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Assay methods for the alkaloids of sorghum ergot (Claviceps africana) are described and compared. Sorghum ergot bodies (sclerotia/sphacelia) from various regions of Queensland and New South Wales were collected in 1997 and 2001 and assayed by spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All contained dihydroergosine (DHES) as the main alkaloid component (about 80%), with smaller amounts of dihydroelymoclavine and festuclavine. The preferred method of assay for infected sorghum and mixed feeds involved extraction into dichloromethane:methanol:ethyl acetate:ammonium hydroxide (50:5:25:1) using an ultrasonic bath. After solvent removal, the extract was dissolved in diethyl ether and partitioned into 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. After adjusting the pH to 8–10 with ammonium hydroxide, the alkaloids were extracted into dichloromethane, the solvent evaporated, and the residue dissolved in methanol. HPLC separation was on a C18 column, 150 × 3.9 mm, run isocratically at 40�C, with acetonitrile:0.1% ammonium acetate:methanol (31:50:20) as the mobile phase. Detection was either by UV at 280 nm or by fluorescence with excitation at 235 nm and absorbance at 340 nm. Levels of quantitation for DHES in sorghum approached 0.1 mg/kg (UV) and 0.01 mg/kg (fluorescence). Method recoveries for DHES in the range of 0.025–7 mg/kg averaged 75%. The total alkaloid content of ergot bodies (sclerotia/sphacelia) from different batches of grain varied from 100 to 7900 mg/kg (0.79%). Within batches, there was much less variation in the alkaloid content of ergot bodies, but larger ergots tended to contain more alkaloid than smaller ergots, and those infected with Cerebella species contained even less; this probably related to the ratio of sclerotial/sphacelial tissue present. Honeydew also contained DHES (1–10 mg/kg) and might contaminate clean grain at significant levels. Tests on 4 farms showed that substantial amounts of ergot bodies and alkaloids were removed during grain harvesting.

scholarly journals The functions of the A1A2A3 domains in von Willebrand factor include multimerin 1 binding

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (07) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D'Andra Parker ◽  
Subia Tasneem ◽  
Richard Farndale ◽  
Dominique Bihan ◽  
J. Sadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
High Shear ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

SummaryMultimerin 1 (MMRN1) is a massive, homopolymeric protein that is stored in platelets and endothelial cells for activation-induced release. In vitro, MMRN1 binds to the outer surfaces of activated platelets and endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix (including collagen) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) to support platelet adhesive functions. VWF associates with MMRN1 at high shear, not static conditions, suggesting that shear exposes cryptic sites within VWF that support MMRN1 binding. Modified ELISA and surface plasmon resonance were used to study the structural features of VWF that support MMRN1 binding, and determine the affinities for VWF-MMRN1 binding. High shear microfluidic platelet adhesion assays determined the functional consequences for VWF-MMRN1 binding. VWF binding to MMRN1 was enhanced by shear exposure and ristocetin, and required VWF A1A2A3 region, specifically the A1 and A3 domains. VWF A1A2A3 bound to MMRN1 with a physiologically relevant binding affinity (KD: 2.0 ± 0.4 nM), whereas the individual VWF A1 (KD: 39.3 ± 7.7 nM) and A3 domains (KD: 229 ± 114 nM) bound to MMRN1 with lower affinities. VWF A1A2A3 was also sufficient to support the adhesion of resting platelets to MMRN1 at high shear, by a mechanism dependent on VWF-GPIbD binding. Our study provides new information on the molecular basis of MMRN1 binding to VWF, and its role in supporting platelet adhesion at high shear. We propose that at sites of vessel injury, MMRN1 that is released following activation of platelets and endothelial cells, binds to VWF A1A2A3 region to support platelet adhesion at arterial shear rates.

Ex situ conservation of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.—an endangered medicinal plant of the Himalaya through mass propagation and its effect on growth and alkaloid content

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subedar Pandey ◽  
Rekha Kushwaha ◽  
Om Prakash ◽  
Amita Bhattacharya ◽  
P.S. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aconitum Heterophyllum ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content ◽  
The Himalaya

The endangered alpine plant Aconitum heterophyllum was conserved under ex situ conditions (greenhouse and open) of Palampur by overcoming seed dormancy and plant establishment through hot water treatment (40–60 °C for 30–120 s) of seeds. High seed germination (88 and 76%) was obtained when seeds were treated with hot water at 45 and 50 °C for 90 s. Correlation studies also revealed that treatment enhanced vegetative growth and reproductive yield of the plants. The total alkaloid content of the roots and rhizomes of the plants growing under ex situ conditions was lower than the ones collected from the natural habitat in the 1-year-old plants. However, in the 2-year-old plants, it was almost at par with the ones collected from nature. The life cycle of the plants growing under ex situ conditions also did not vary largely from the plants growing under in situ conditions. Therefore, the present study indicates the successful adaptation of A. heterophyllum plants in conditions other than their natural habitat and hence its potential for sustainable commercialization.

Preliminary investigations about the separation of automotive composite components by a hydro-erosive method

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Weiss ◽  
A W Momber
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
New Method ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Water Jets ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
The Individual

A new method for separating fibrous coatings and backing materials of automotive components is introduced. The selective performance of high-speed water jets with velocities up to 300 m/s is utilized to mill backing materials from textile card webs without fibre damage, and selectively to remove textile coatings from luggage boot linings, insulating sheets and columns. The individual separation processes are discussed. The particular material removal process depends on the structure and properties of the compounds. Permeability plays an important role. It is shown that any individual separation process is characterized by an energy threshold, and typical values for these thresholds are provided. The new method is a very reliable tool for selective separation. Quality aspects as well as economical aspects are also discussed.

THE ALKALOIDS OF LYCOPODIUM SPECIES: XIII. LYCOPODIUMDENSUM LABILL.

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 894-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. F. Manske
Keyword(s):  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content

Lycopodiumdensum has yielded lycopodine and two apparently new alkaloids, L34, C16H25O2N, and L35, C14H21ON The total alkaloid content of the plant was less than 0.1%.

scholarly journals Effects of Sowing Date on Some Agronomic Characteristics and Alkaloid Content of Datura Stramonium in Semi-Arid Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
S. Kizil ◽  
Ö. Tonçer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Thorn Apple ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content ◽  
Herb Yield

Abstract Alkaloids of diferent plant, including many Solanaceae species, constitute important natural sources for variety of pharmaceutical products. The amounts of various secondary plant products are strongly dependent on the growing conditions and agronomical applications such as planting date, fertilization, irrigation etc. The aim of this was to study the effects of sowing date on some agronomic characteristics and total alkaloid content of thorn apple (Datura stramonium), investigated in the environmental conditions from Dicle University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department experimental area, during 2010 and 2011 growing years. In the research, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, number of capsule per plant, capsule width, capsule length, 1000-seed weight, fresh herb yield, herba yield, seed yield and total alkaloid content were examined. At the end of the study, in the trial of thorn apple with sowing dates, according to two years mean, seed yield, fresh herb yield, dry herb yield and total alkaloid yield were changed between 335 kg ha−1 and 704 kg ha−1, 5933 and 20537 kg ha−1, 1613 kg ha−1 and 4800 kg ha−1, and 0.270% and 0.391%, respectively. The effect of sowing date was found significant on the investigated characteristics, when sowing delayed, agronomic characteristics were also decreased. The highest values related with seed yield, fresh and dry herbage of thorn apple were obtained sowing of 01 Apr. Moreover, thorn apple plant showed morphogenetic variation when compared leaf and seed alkaloid contents.

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