scholarly journals Utilization of African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) kernel meal in broiler diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Annongu Azor ◽  
Joseph Kolade ◽  
Adeyina Adebisi ◽  
Sola-Ojo Foluke ◽  
Edoh Johannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
African Star Apple

The effect of feeding graded levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) of untreated African star apple kernel meal (ASAKM) on the performance and blood profile of broilers was investigated in an 8-week trial. Two hundred and ten oneweek-old Cobb strain broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 7 diets with 3 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design. Data on minerals, vitamins, amino acids and quantification of some anti-nutrients were assayed. The results showed that the kernel was high in nutrients, especially carbohydrate as a source of energy but contains high levels of anti-nutritional or toxic factors. Performance traits (p<0.05) of broilers fed ASAKM gave poor results though without mortality. The increment of dietary levels of the untreated ASAKM did not negatively influence blood composition and most of the measured biochemical indices, the parameters were better (p<0.05), or had values statistically similar with the control diet compared with those on the test diets (p>0.05). Increasing levels of ASAKM in diets caused elevation of AST, ALT, ALP and a significant increase in blood urea levels in the raw kernel meal based diets relative to the control diet (p<0.05). Based on the performance of the birds fed the raw ASAKM, it may be concluded that broilers could barely tolerate 5% raw ASAKM in their diets with minimum adverse effects. However, the values of the blood parameters particularly the red blood cells favoured erythropoiesis, suggesting that the African star apple kernel meal had no detrimental effect on the health status of the birds. Subsequent research should process the raw star apple seed meal before dietary inclusion for optimum results.

scholarly journals Evaluation of differently processed African star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito ) kernel meal as feed for growing rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
O. J. Makinde ◽  
A. Aremu ◽  
O. J. Alabi ◽  
E. Z. Jiya ◽  
M. S. Tamburawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
African Star Apple

 A 12-week study was carried out to examine the effect of substituting dietary maize with differently processed African star apple kernel meal (ASAKM) on growth performance, blood indices and economic benefits of growing rabbits. A total of 60 weaner rabbits (mixed breed, average weight, 590g) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments comprising of 10% each of boiled, fermented, roasted and soaked African star apple kernel meal as substitute for dietary maize. Diet 1 (0%ASAKM) served as the control diet. Each of the five treatments was replicated thrice. Each replicate had four rabbits in a Completely Randomized Design. Rabbits fed diets containing 10 % boiled and 10 % roasted ASAKM gained weight (P<0.05) faster than those fed other diets. Feed conversion ratio was significantly better (P<0.05) for rabbits fed BASAKM and RASAKM diets. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the blood parameters measured except the white blood cell (WBC), alkaline phosphate(ALP),  aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferases (ALT) (P<0.05). Economic analysis showed significant differences (P<0.05) in all the parameters measured. Cost of feed/kg was significantly reduced (P<0.05) with inclusion of ASAKM in rabbit diets. Production cost and revenue (₦) were better (P<0.05) among rabbits fed Boiled ASAKM diet. It was concluded that either BASAKM or Roasted ASAKM can replace 10 % dietary maize in the diets of growing rabbits without compromising growth performance, blood profiles and economic benefits of growing rabbits.

Effect of feeding concentrate diets containing graded levels of groundnut haulms on nutrient composition of diets and performance of Friesian x Bunaji heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
H. I. Finangwai ◽  
O. W. Ehoche ◽  
G. E. Jokthan ◽  
P. P. Barje
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding concentrate diets containing varying levels of groundnut haulms (GH) on intake and growth performance of Friesian x Bunaji cattle. Four concentrate mixed diets formulated to contain on average 14.45- 14.65% crude protein. Groundnut haulms in the concentrate diets were on nitrogen basis at 0, 25, 50 and 75% levels with control diet having 0% inclusion of GH. Twenty Friesian x Bunaji prepubertal heifers aged 14-16 months and weighing 160-180kg were randomly divided into four groups of five animals each and were allotted to the four experimental diets in a completely randomized design. Data were collected in order to determined Dry matter intake (DMI), Average daily intake (ADI), Average Daily Gain (ADG) Feed to gain ratio (FCE) and cost benefit analysis. Result showed that varying the levels of GH in concentrate diet significantly (P<0.05) increased DMI at 25%; this value was similar (P>0.005) to those at 0 and 50%. At 75% DMI of concentrate significantly declined. The ADG of heifers fed concentrate mixture containing 0% GH were significantly (P< 0.05) higher; although, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between those fed 0 and 25%. Increasing GH level in concentrate diet to 75% depressed gain and ADG of heifers. Heifers fed 0 and 25% GH levels had similar feed to gain ratio but were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed 50 and 75% levels. Net benefit declined across treatments with increased levels of GH in concentrate diet up to 50%, although they remained positive indicating it was beneficial replacing concentrate diet with GH. The net benefit of feeding GH at 0% GH (control) over 25% is fi 37384.9; 0% over 50% is fi 91084 and over 75% is fi 83246.60. It is concluded that GH supplementation on Gamba hay appears to improve the feed intake, growth and efficiency of concentrate utilization by heifers at 25% level and cost of concentrates in heifers generally.  

Haematobiochemical indices of broiler chickens fed probiotic supplemented shea kernel cake meal based diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
P. C. Aguihe ◽  
A. S. Kehinde ◽  
S. K. Halidu ◽  
P. O Osaguona ◽  
C. A. Jeje
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 49-day experiment was conducted with a total of 240 Arbor acre broiler chicks, to determine the effect of probiotic supplementation on graded levels of shea kernel cake meal (SKCM) on their haematological and serum biochemical indices. The birds were randomly grouped into four dietary treatments comprising of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% inclusion levels of SKCM as T1 , T2 , T3 and T respectively in a completely randomized design having 5 replicates with 12 chicks each. Diet T served as the control, without SKCM and probiotic addition, while diet T2 , T3 and T4 were supplemented with 0.5g/kg Biovet-YC® at both starter and finisher phases. Feed and water were given ad-libitum and routine management were strictly observed. At the end of the feeding trial, three broilers per replicate were randomly selected and blood collected using hypodermal syringe into two different labeled bottles with or without an anti-coagulant (EDTA) for haematology and serum biochemistry investigation respectively. The results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) increase in the white blood cell count and corresponding decrease (p<0.05) in serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentration of birds fed probiotic supplemented SNCM diets. However, other blood parameters measured were not affected (p>0.05) by the probiotic supplementation. Therefore, it can be concluded that incorporation of probiotic supplemented SKCM up to 15% inclusion level did not have any deleterious impact on blood status of the broilerchickens.

Haematology and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens fed varying levels of indomie waste meal based diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
S. A. Eguaoje ◽  
J. Edonije ◽  
E. Osayande ◽  
J Edonije
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Haematological Indices

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting maize with indomie waste meal on the haematology and serum biochemical indices of 90-dayold Anak 2000 broiler chickens. Three experimental broiler starter and finisher diets were formulated with diet 1 serving as control containing 0% Indomie waste meal (IWM), while diets 2 and 3 contained IWM at 50 and 100% inclusion levels for maize. The chicks were randomly assigned to the three treatment diets (1, 2 and 3) in a completely randomized design and each treatment group contained three replicates with ten chickens per replicate. The result on the haematological indices revealed that MCV values were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the treatment diets with highest value of (135.50±0.21fl) among birds fed 50% IWM. MCH also significantly varied(p<0.05) among birds fed the treatment diets with highest (42.77±0.31pg) recorded among birds maintained on the control diet. Serum biochemical indices revealed that phosphorus value were significantly higher (p<0.05) in birds fed the control diet with the mean value of 3.63±0.09mg/100ml. Total cholesterol was significantly higher (p<0.05) in birds fed 100% IWM. The overall results from this study conclusively suggest that the inclusion of indomie waste meal in the diet of broilers up to 100% did not have any detrimental effect on the blood profile of the birds. But precaution had to be taken in the incorporation of IWM at this level because of the increase effect on the cholesterol level of the blood.Mr. Omoikhoje, B. (Laboratory Technologist)

Growth response, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile of weaner rabbits fed ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) as a replacement for maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
A. T. Amos ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
O. J. Durojaiye ◽  
K. Agazue ◽  
A. O. Obanla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Randomized Design

In a 56-day feeding trial, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing maize with different levels of ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) on growth, carcass yield, blood profile and economics of production of weaner rabbits. Five experimental diets were formulated and fed to the animals; diet 1= a maize based diet (control diet), diet 2= 30% maize + 10% ECRLB, diet 3 = 20% maize + 20% ECRLB, diet 4= 10 % maize + 30% ECRLB, diet 5= 40% ECRLB. A total number of forty weaner rabbits with an initial average weight of 574.09g±20.03g were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight animals per treatment. Data were collected on growth indices, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile Increased (P<0.05) weight gain was observed as the percentage inclusion of ECRLB increased. Rabbits on diet 4 (10 % maize + 30% ECRLB) and 5 (40% ECRLB) recorded the highest (P<0.05) daily weight gain with a corresponding highest (P<0.5) final body weight. Similar FCR were recorded across the treatments Economics of production of animals on diets containing 30 and 40% ECRLB was the best (P<0.05). Carcass indices were not significantly (P>0.0) affected by the experimental diets. Rabbits fed ECRLB recorded lower (P<0.05) serum cholesterol and higher (P<0.05) serum glucose concentration compared to control. In conclusion dietary inclusion of ECRLB up to 40% improved performance and did not show any deleterious effects on all indices examined and is recommended.     Au cours d'un essai d'alimentation de 56 jours, une expérience a été menée pour déterminer les effets du remplacement du maïs par différents niveaux de mélanges racines-feuilles de manioc ensilées (le 'ECRLB) sur la croissance, le rendement de carcasses, le profil sanguin et l'économie de la production de lapins sevrés. Cinq régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés et nourris aux animaux ; régime 1= régime à base de maïs (régime de contrôle), régime 2= 30% maïs + 10% ECRLB, régime 3 = 20% maïs + 20% ECRLB, régime 4= 10% maïs + 30% ECRLB, régime 5= 40% ECRLB. Un nombre total de quarante lapins sevrés d'un poids moyen initial de 574,09 g±20,03 g ont été attribués au hasard aux cinq traitements diététiques dans une conception complètement randomisée (CRD) avec huit animaux par traitement. Des données ont été recueillies sur les indices de croissance, l'économie de la production, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le profil sanguin. Le gain de poids accru (P<0,05) a été observé à mesure que l'inclusion en pourcentage de l'ECRLB augmentait. Les lapins de l'alimentation 4 (10 % de maïs + 30 % d'ECRLB) et 5 (40 % d'ECRLB) ont enregistré le gain de poids quotidien le plus élevé (P<0,05) avec un poids corporel final correspondant le plus élevé (P<0,5). Les 'FCR' similaires ont été enregistrés à travers les traitements Économie de la production d'animaux sur les régimes contenant 30 et 40% ECRLB a été le meilleur (P<0,05). Les Indices carcasse n'étaient pas significativement (P>0,0) affectés par les régimes expérimentaux. Les lapins nourris à l'ECRLB ont enregistré un taux de cholestérol sérique inférieur (P<0,05) et une concentration plus élevée de glucose sérique (P<0,05) par rapport au contrôle. En conclusion, l'inclusion alimentaire de l'ECRLB jusqu'à 40 % a amélioré les performances et n'a pas montré d'effets délétères sur tous les indices examinés et est recommandée.

scholarly journals Gelatinization of fermented cassava tuber meal and its nutritive value for broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
G. E. Enyenihi ◽  
A. C. Esiegwu ◽  
B. O. Esonu ◽  
M. C. Uchegbu ◽  
A. B. I. Udedibie
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Finisher Diets

The effect of fermentation of cassava tuber followed by its gelatinization was evaluated as a method of processing cassava for use as source of energy in broiler diets. Peeled and unpeeled cassava tubers were separately fermented in water for 4 days, dried in the sun and then milled to produce fermented peeled and unpeeled cassava tuber meals, respectively. The dusty meals were then gelatinized by mixing with water in pots seated over fire at the rate of 1kg of cassava tuber meal to one litre of water and stirred until they gelatinized into fufu. The gelatinized pastes were then taken bit by bit and flattened on polythene sheets and dried in the sun. The resultant fermented and gelatinized peeled and unpeeled cassava tuber cakes were then milled to produce fermented and gelatinized unpeeled cassava tuber meal (UFGC), a brownish-looking non-dusty product and fermented and gelatinized peeled cassava tuber meal (PFGC), an ash-looking non-dusty product. Three broiler diets were made such that diet 1 (control) contained maize as source of energy, while in diets 2 and 3, the maize in the control diet was completed replaced with UFGC and PFGC, respectively, both in the starter and finisher diets. One hundred and twenty (120) broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups of 40 birds each and each group assigned to one of the diets, using completely randomized design, and fed for 4 weeks with the starter diets and finisher diets for another 4 weeks. At the starter phase, the UFGC diets gained significantly (P < 0.05) less weight and consequently had poorer feed conversion ratio. There were no significant differences in feed intake (P < 0.05). At the finisher phase, the group on UFGC gained significantly (P < 0.05) more body weight. The groups on cassava diet tended to consume less feed and so had better feed conversion ratio. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dressed weights and weights of internal organs but the group on PFGC diet accumulated significantly (P < 0.05) more abdominal fat.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium Level in Feed on Blood Profile of Broiler Chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Modesta Salu ◽  
Charles Venirius Lisnahan ◽  
Oktovianus R. Nahak
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
North Central ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
City District ◽  
Different Levels

This study aims to determine the effect of calcium supplementation in feed on the blood profile of broilers chickens. This research was conducted in a broiler chicken coop, owned by breeders in Sasi Village, Kefamenanu City  District, North Central East District. This research was conducted from July to August 2020. This study used 96 broilers. The method used in this was a completely randomized design consisting of 4 replications and 4 treatments. The treatments given were T0 (control diet), T1 (calcium supplementation 1,00 %), T2 (calcium supplementation 1,50 %), T3 (calcium supplementation 2,00 %). The variables observed in this study were the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and blood leucocytes. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance. Analysis of variance showed that the treatment had no significant effect on erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and leucocytes of broiler chickens. It was concluded that the addition of calcium in feed at different levels did not increase the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and leucocytes of broiler chickens aged 6 weeks.

scholarly journals Effects of processing methods and levels of inclusion of Jatropha curcas kernel meal on performance, organ characteristics, haematology and serum chemistry of finisher broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Taiwo Ojediranemiola ◽  
Ayodeji Ajayi ◽  
A. Isiak
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Inclusion Level

Three hundred 21-day-old broiler chicks were reared using a 3 x 3 factorial model in a completely randomized design with 10 treatment groups having 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were raised on a commercial starter diet at the starter phase before being allotted into dietary groups in a 21-d feeding trial at the finisher phase. The interaction between treatment and varying inclusion levels of processed-fermented Jatropha curcas (L) kernel meals (JKM) on the performance of broiler chicks was investigated. Jatropha curcas kernels were subjected to three different processing methods, namely: raw defatted fermented meal (RDFM), cooked defatted fermented meal (CDFM) and lye treated defatted fermented meal (LDFM). Each meal was included at varying inclusion levels of 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% such that diet 1 (control) contained 0% JKM while diets 2, 3, 4 contained 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% RDFM, diets 5, 6, and 7 contained 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% CDFM and diets 8, 9, 10 contained 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% LDFM. Feeding differently processed-fermented JKM to these broilers did not (p>0.05) compromise the feed conversion ratio. The results indicated an improvement (p<0.05) in the weight gain of broiler chicks fed CDFM and LDFM at 2.5 and 5.0% inclusion levels respectively. There were significantly (P<0.05) elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and creatinine in their blood serum. The kidney, lungs and proventriculus of birds fed CDFM showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments. Therefore, finisher broilers could tolerate up to 5.0% inclusion level of LDFM.

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood profile and economic analysis of broilers fed fermented mixture of cassava flour and bovine blood (cassablood) based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
A. O. Aniebo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The effect of dietary treatments on growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of finisher broilers as well as economics of broiler production were determined in this fermented cassava flour/blood mixture code-named "cassablood". The control diet (T1) contained 0% cassablood, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20%, 25% and 30% cassablood respectively. 120 four weeks old Anak broiler chicken were randomly allocated the 4 diets with 30 birds per treatment replicated 3 times with ten 10 broilers per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment effects on final body weight, final weight gain, feed intake and seed conversion ratio were significant (P<0.05). Birds fed cassablood based diets compared favourably with the control diet. 20% cassablood inclusion performed equally with the control diet in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio.All dietary groups also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in most haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers except in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride contentswhichdiffered (P<0.05) significantly. Similarly, chicken on 20% and 25% inclusion levels produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher economic gains in terms of feed cost per kilogram of broiler among all the treatments. Therefore, 20 - 25% cassablood dietary inclusion level was recommended in broiler diet for production and profit maximization.  

scholarly journals Spray-dried egg in the diet of dogs: implications for recovery nutritional, palatability and haematology

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Talita Andrade ◽  
Daniele Cristina Lima ◽  
Alina Stadnik Komarcheuski ◽  
Ananda Portella Félix ◽  
Simone Gisele de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Spray Dried

There is a growing demand for alternative protein sources in dog nutrition due to the high cost of the ingredient. Spray-dried egg (SDE) is a potential protein source in this context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility, palatability, and blood profile of diets containing different amounts of spray-dried egg (SDE) and the blood parameters of dogs fed these diets. For the study of digestibility and faecal quality (Experiment 1), eight Beagles were distributed in a double Latin square design (4X4), with four treatments (0, 4, 8, and 12% SDE) and four periods, totalling eight repetitions per treatment. In experiment 2, to evaluate palatability, 20 dogs were presented with two diets: 0% SDE vs 4% SDE. To evaluate the haematological factors (Experiment 3), eight dogs were maintained in a single group and were initially fed a control diet (0%SDE) for 10 days, followed by a diet containing 12% SDE for 10 days. In Experiment 1, a linear increase was found in the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and in the metabolisable energy (ME) as the level of SDE was increased in the diet. The CTTAD of DM and CP in SDE and the ME obtained by regression analysis were 93.6%, 91.3%, and 5738.9 kcal kg-1, respectively, demonstrating that SDE is a highly digestible protein source for dogs. There were no changes in the stool characteristics of dogs fed SDE. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that the dogs preferred the diet that included 4% SDE. In the haematological study (Experiment 3), increases in albumin, red blood cells, haemoglobin, and total circulating protein were observed, with no change in the other histological variables. The inclusion of SDE improved the digestibility and palatability of the diet and increased the albumin content, red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and total protein level without changing the faecal characteristics.

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