scholarly journals The Impact of Gender and Socio-economic Background on Attainment in Scottish State Secondary Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Gasteen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Multinomial Logit Models ◽  
Relative Ability ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Pass ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Different Levels

Attainment in Scottish Secondary education is characterised by entrenched socio-economic and gender gaps. Pupils from the most deprived 20% of households are significantly less likely to achieve benchmark attainment thresholds set by policymakers in terms of the number of awards gained at different levels. In general, females have outperformed males in secondary education since the 1970s. Subjects studied for formal qualification are important too, not just the number of awards and/or grades. Some subjects carry more weight than others, facilitating entry to more prestigious universities and degree programmes that attract higher labour market premia and social status. This paper used Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) administrative data for 2002-2009, linked to the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), to investigate the influence of gender and socio-economic background on attainment in so-called facilitating subjects: English, Maths, Geography, History, Modern Studies, Modern Languages, Biology, Chemistry, Physics. Multinomial logit models were estimated for each subject, at each qualification level, to examine within subject attainment in terms of the likelihood of achieving either a low, middle or high pass compared to failing. The impact of socio-economic background was greater than that of gender. Individuals’ relative ability was important for securing low passes but not strong enough to overcome disadvantage to achieve high grades. The effects were particularly stark for age-16 qualifications, with the likelihood of securing any pass grade, in any subject, falling dramatically as disadvantage increased. Socio-economic effects were much reduced at Higher, the crucial qualification for university entry in Scotland, but increased as pass grades rose. Females outperformed males in most subjects at different qualification levels with the notable exceptions of Maths and named sciences at Higher, where males were significantly more likely to pass these at all grades.

Computerization and Occupational Change: Assessing the Impact of Automation on Racial and Gender Employment Densities

2021 ◽  
pp. 003464462110552
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
High Density ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
White Female ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The current wave of technological change is driven by automation, the process of using computers to improve the labor process, viz., increasing the quantity and quality of work “by means of computer-controlled equipment.” Automation has had and will continue to have heterogeneous economic effects across alternative social groups—altering racial and gender inequality. This study empirically examines the relationship between the racial and gender density of occupations and the probability of automation of both minor and broad occupations. Regression analysis is used to uncover correlations between future employment change and the current racial and ethnic composition of occupations, alerting us to whether future employment growth will have a negative or positive association with occupations where each racial group of workers is currently concentrated. Increases in automation are correlated with increases in labor income inequality and increases in racial and gender employment differences. Male jobs may suffer more technological unemployment than female jobs. Specifically, within each racial group high density male jobs have a greater probability of automation (and lower probability of future demand) than high density female jobs. High density White female jobs appear to be most complementary to automation, while the high density occupations of racial minority men appear to be least complementary to automation.

scholarly journals ‘Blood in pee’ campaign: Increased demand on secondary care with no change in cancers diagnosed

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Kunjan Patel ◽  
Susan Jane Hall ◽  
Kamath Shraddha ◽  
Richard Stanford ◽  
Simon Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: As part of the national Be Clear on Cancer campaign, the ‘blood in pee’ campaign was launched in 2013. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the campaign on 2-week wait (2WW) referrals and the resulting diagnoses of malignancy at a single trust, and secondly, to evaluate the socio-economic background of patients referred. Patients and methods: Suspected cancer 2WW patients in the 3 months pre- and post-campaign were included. Demographics, investigations and diagnoses were recorded. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test demonstrated a normal distribution. The data were treated as parametric and analysed with the unpaired Student’s t-test. Results: Referrals for visible haematuria significantly increased by 52% from 135 pre-campaign to 205 post-campaign ( p = 0.03). There was a fall in the proportion of patients diagnosed with malignancy from 20.27% pre-campaign to 15.36% post-campaign. The mean index of multiple deprivation score of referrals did not change: p = 0.43. Conclusion: This campaign has increased referrals without increasing the proportion of malignancies diagnosed, placing large demand on services without benefit or extra funding. Nor has the campaign effectively reached deprived socio-economic groups. There is little evidence as to the efficacy of untargeted cancer awareness campaigns and further work is needed to improve their pick-up of malignancies. Level of evidence: 2C

scholarly journals IMPACTO DE ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE, AUTOEFICACIA Y GENERO EN EL RENDIMIENTO DEL ALUMNADO DE EDUCACION SECUNDARIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Barca Enríquez ◽  
Florencio Vicente Castro ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Alfonso Barca Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Academic Goals ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Sense

Abstract:IMPACT OF LEARNING STRATEGIES, SELF-EFFICACY AND GENDER ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT´S SECONDARY EDUCATIONThis paper analyses the impact of personal variables related to learning strategies, in the interaction with the gender, on academic achievement students´ secondary education. The study takes a sample of students from North of Portugal and from Galicia, and the results in a Subscale Academic Goals and Learning Strategies of Refema-57 Scale. The results show that learning strategies and toward self-efficacy have a significant and positive impact on academic achievement, and the superficial strategies (and exams anxiety) become very relevant, but in these cases the impact has a negative sense, and the differences of feminin gender become more relevant. Therefore, the ensemble of personal variables considered in this study explains 30% of total variance of students ´ academic achievement in North of Portugal, and only 12% in Galicia. Here, probably other variables related to family, the school, the curriculum or the teachers become more relevant.Key words: Academic goals, learning strategies, self-efficacy, academic achievement.Resumen:En este trabajo se analiza el impacto de variables personales relacionadas con las estrategias de aprendizaje, en interacción con el género, del alumnado de educación secundaria en su rendimiento académico. El estudio considera una muestra de alumnos de Norte de Portugal y de Galicia, y se ha utilizado la subescala de Metas Académicas y de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Autoeficacia a partir de la Escala Refema-57. Los datos sugieren que las estrategias de aprendizaje y la autoeficacia se pueden asumir como factores determinantes positivos del rendimiento académico, existiendo también un impacto, pero en sentido negativo, de las estrategias superficiales de aprendizaje (de ansiedad ante los exámenes), siendo las diferencias encontradas mucho más relevantes en el género femenino. Sin embargo, este conjunto de variables personales del alumnado explican en torno a un 30% de la varianza del rendimiento académico global de los alumnos del Norte de Portugal, quedando ese valor en apenas un 12% cuando nos referimos al alumnado de Galicia. En estas muestras de alumnado, otras variables de la familia, de la escuela, del currículo o del profesor tendrán una mayor relevancia.Palabras clave: Estrategias de aprendizaje, autoeficacia, rendimiento académico.

scholarly journals The Impact of Education Economy on Uzbekistan Based on Public Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Primary And Secondary Education ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
High Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

In today's economic globalization, education plays an important role in public management. It can not only improve the overall quality of human society, but also a way of cultural communication. This paper mainly introduces the concept of public management and the characteristics of educational economy, and expounds the calculation method of educational economic contribution rate. Then, through investigation and research, this paper finds that there are many factors affecting educational equity. The most direct reason is that the government and schools lack reasonable planning for private schools, resulting in imperfect school facilities and high employment pressure on students; on the other hand, the rapid economic development leads to the shortage of talent supply, which leads to the decline of education quality. At the same time, based on the survey results, this paper finds that the penetration rate of primary and secondary education in Uzbekistan has increased significantly, the cultural level of adults and youth has improved, and gender equality in primary and secondary education opportunities.

scholarly journals FOOD NEOPHOBIA, FAMILIARITY, AND WILLINGNESS-TO-TRY MALAYSIA LOCAL FOODS AMONG SOJOURNERS IN TERENGGANU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Asma Mohd Hafizi ◽  
◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohamad Rahijan ◽  
Fathilah Ismail ◽  
Wan Zainal Shukri Wan Hafiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Area ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, Malaysia has gained more popularity among sojourners either as a destination to continue their study or as a good place to work. However, there are few studies regarding food neophobia among sojourners and information on the subject is limited. The objectives of this study are to determine the level of food neophobia among sojourners in Terengganu, to compared between food neophobia score and social-demographic profile, to examine association of familiarity and willingness-to-try local foods among people with different levels of food neophobia and to examine the relationship between the food neophobia scores and the willingness-to-try new foods and same food neophobia score with familiar foods. A total of 152 questionnaires were distributed to international students from Middle east. The findings reported average food neophobia scale among sojourners in Terengganu was 40.15 ±12.21. There were no significant differences between food neophobia and gender but a significant difference between residential area (urban and rural), and the length of stay in Malaysia. Moreover, there were significant associations between food neophobia and familiarity towards Malaysia’s local cuisines. A significant association between food neophobia and willingness-to-try Malaysia local foods was also recorded. The impact of the findings on respondents was also discussed.

Obituary Analysis and Describing a Life Lived: The Impact of Race, Gender, Age, and Economic Status

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Marks ◽  
Tommy Piggee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Department ◽  
State Health ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Methodological Improvement ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

A Comparison Of The Sampling Distribution Of The 2,262 obituaries from the Sunday edition of The Arkansas Democrat Gazette, for the year 1993, was made with the actual mortality patterns of Arkansans, as reported by the state health department. The two distributions were found to be nearly identical on gender and age. This is a significant methodological improvement over previous methods used in obituary analysis that relied on using the ratio of obituaries to death notices as an indicator of mortality experience and then using that as a basis for evaluating the likelihood of obituary discrimination. We tested three hypotheses derived from a status continuum model. This model was based primarily on race and gender. Economic status of racial background was also taken into account as was age. Detailed analysis was done on the 4 percent ( n = 90) of the 2,262 obituaries accompanied by a photograph. Racial and gender differences existed regarding length and complexity of the obits. Whites were more likely than blacks to have longer and more complex obituaries. Blacks were more likely than whites to have a picture accompany their obituaries. Economic background of racial membership explains the differences found in length of the obituary. Evidence suggested a set of conditional relationships based on the interaction of race and gender. Within each racial community, those hypothesized to be of higher status were more likely to have a photograph accompany their obituary. Differences were found by race and gender on themes mentioned in the obituary. There were no significant differences within each racial group by gender on length of the obituary. Age was not related to length or number of themes in the obituaries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Rhythm and Gender on Spelling Output of Iranian EFL Learners: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Peyman Nouraey ◽  
Amin Karimnia
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Final Output ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The present study aimed at investigating the probable effects of gender and rhythmic methods on the final output of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (henceforth EFL) learners with special reference to their spelling skills. In this regard, 108 Iranian EFL learners studying at three different levels were divided into two groups of genders, each consisting of 54 students. Primarily, the students were taught the new English vocabularies using both rhythmic and non-rhythmic methods of spelling. After the trainings, participants were given a test consisting ten marks of spelling in search for the effect of a) gender of the learners and b) the application of the methods in question. The results of the Two-Way ANOVA test revealed statistically significant gender-derived differences while dealing with spelling. In addition, the results pointed out that both groups of learners achieved much higher marks on the words taught using rhythmic method of spelling rather than the nonrhythmic one.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document