scholarly journals Participação, inserção e expressividades de lideranças científicas assumidas por mulheres na produção da ciência e tecnologia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Sebastião Rodrigues-Moura ◽  
Rafael Cordeiro-Rodrigues ◽  
Alexandre Guimarães Rodrigues ◽  
Licurgo Peixoto de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Science Careers ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Tool

ResumoApresentamos nesta pesquisa, um debate sobre a realidade e as possibilidades da participação das mulheres em lideranças científicas, destacando sua inserção em um espaço que sempre teve predominância masculina nas diversas atribuições, mas que ao longo da história, algumas mulheres conseguiram posicionar suas expressividades e puderam representar a ciência e tecnologia em muitas atribuições. Diante dessa proposta, analisamos ao longo da história a realidade e as possibilidades de participação e inserção de expressividades femininas em diversos papéis e funções desempenhados em carreiras científicas, tecnológicas e sociais. Usamos como ferramenta metodológica, a abordagem qualitativa embasada em elementos da análise textual discursiva frente à lógica do materialismo dialético. Essa demanda culminou em dois eixos de análise, nos quais pudemos identificar a realidade e a possibilidade da participação feminina na produção científica, bem como elencamos vinte e cinco personalidades que trouxeram suas expressividades em carreiras da ciência e tecnologia. Os resultados discutidos neste estudo representam a qualidade de um material capaz de propiciar e fazer alusão da relevância social de personalidades femininas ocupando papéis na produção da ciência e tecnologia mundial.Palavras-chave: Ciência e tecnologia; Expressividades femininas; Mulheres da Ciência.AbstractWe present in this research, a debate on the reality and the possibilities of the participation of women in scientific leaders, highlighting their insertion in a space that has always had male dominance in the various assignments, but that along the history, some women have managed to position their expressiveness and have been able to represent science and technology in many assignments. Faced with this proposal, we analyze throughout history the reality and the possibilities of participation and insertion of feminine expressiveities in various roles and functions performed in scientific, technological and social careers. We use it as a methodological tool, the qualitative approach based on elements of textual analysis discursive in front of the logic of dialectical materialism. This demand culminated in two axes of analysis, in which we were able to identify the reality and the possibility of female participation in scientific production, as well as we ten personalities who brought their expressiveness into science careers and technology. The results discussed in this study represent the quality of a material capable of providing and alluding to the social relevance of female personalities occupying roles in the production of world science and technology.Keywords: Science and technology; Feminine expressiveness; Women in Science.

Shall I trust you? From child human-robot interaction to trusting relationships

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Di Dio ◽  
Federico Manzi ◽  
Giulia Peretti ◽  
Angelo Cangelosi ◽  
Paul L. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Studying trust within human-robot interaction is of great importance given the social relevance of robotic agents in a variety of contexts. We investigated the acquisition, loss and restoration of trust when preschool and school-age children played with either a human or a humanoid robot in-vivo. The relationship between trust and the quality of attachment relationships, Theory of Mind, and executive function skills was also investigated. No differences were found in children’s trust in the play-partner as a function of agency (human or robot). Nevertheless, 3-years-olds showed a trend toward trusting the human more than the robot, while 7-years-olds displayed the reverse behavioral pattern, thus highlighting the developing interplay between affective and cognitive correlates of trust.

scholarly journals AMPLIFIKASI PROFESI GURU DALAM PROSES PENDIDIKAN TRANSFORMATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-GHAZALI

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Akmal Mundiri ◽  
Afidatul Bariroh
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Transformative Education ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Labor Skills

The era of globalization provides a great change to the world order as a whole. The change is faced together as a natural change because under no circumstances will change occur. Free market globalization at the local, regional and international levels will create uncertain changes. To face globalization needs to be realized in quality Indonesian society. Transformative education has a vision of transforming traditional society into modern society. As nowadays the Indonesian society is an agrarian society with ethics, aesthetics and agrarian personality not yet fully familiar with science and technology along with its development. The task of education is to change the civilization of society, especially in instilling and developing science and technology as well as ethics, aesthetics, and changes into the social system of society. One of the efforts in improving the quality of education is to improve the quality of teachers as the spearhead that interact directly with learners. In the scope of transformative education, teachers tend to rely on specialized specialist labor skills that will survive and compete in the coming century. Teachers at this time are expected to be figures who are able to manage the learning program by formulating instructional goals using appropriate methods and in accordance with the needs of learners. Teachers should have a personality competence that is charismatic and authoritative, wise in facing learners and able to be a good example in terms of attitude and spoken words.

scholarly journals Dignity as a subject of pedagogical reflection (to the solution of a contemporary issue by means of analysis of foreign thinkers’ of the past thoughts on dignity)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Bezdukhov
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teacher Students ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
The Right

The relevance of the paper is motivated by the importance of understanding the category of dignity as a category of pedagogical ethics. The author motivates the social relevance of solving a pedagogical plan of the issue of dignity by the fact that the value of dignity in current geopolitical and sociocultural conditions can become the basis of mutual understanding of peoples aspiring to preserve their cultural identity, to recognize the right to uphold traditional values for each of them. While developing a theoretical plan of the issue, the author proceeds from the idea that the basis for its solution should be an analysis of the ideas of thinkers and philosophers of the past that are of great importance to the present. The paper shows how the content of the dignity category, which is relevant for pedagogical ethics, is gradually being formed. Understanding of dignity by Plato is correlated with its understanding by Aristotle: for Plato, dignity is a virtue, which is manifested in the worthy behavior of a person, the quality of the soul (the dignity of the soul lies in wisdom); Aristotle connects dignity of a person with his/her deeds and actions, points to the importance of dignity in friendship based on equality, and not on superiority, on the inherent value of a person, and not on the choice of friends for benefit or pleasure. Summing up the analysis of the ancient thinkers ideas on dignity, the author draws special attention to the fact that it is the orientation to recognition of the dignity by each party of communication that is considered the basis of its adequacy. When analyzing ideas of T. Hobbes and I. Kant, the concept of price of a person becomes the key one. The author shows that T. Hobbes speaks of dignity as the superiority of some subjects over others (intellectual dignity, implying mental abilities, social value of a person, that is, the price given to him/her by the state) and emphasizes the social status of the phenomenon of dignity. I. Kant distinguishes between the concepts of price and dignity, assuming that dignity has neither value nor equivalent, it is higher than price and evaluation, that a person is respected for dignity as an internal moral value, and not for the origin and social status. The author of the paper insists that the value of dignity has the supra-situational importance in teacher-students interaction, it is based on recognition of the equality of all people in moral terms, regardless of their level of morality, social status and social roles performed, determines not only equal attitude of the teacher to all students, but also his/her attitude to him/herself and the attitude of students to him/her.

scholarly journals Earnings management in state-owned enterprises: bringing publicness back in

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Ruggiero ◽  
Daniela Sorrentino ◽  
Riccardo Mussari
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Accountability ◽  
Goal Ambiguity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFinancial accountability is a major issue for State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) especially because of the large amount of public resources invested in them and the social relevance of their performance. In the awareness that the public interest is increasingly pursued in abstract arenas, the investigation of accounting should be anchored to conceptual rather than contextual spaces. Building on the dimensional concept of publicness, this paper investigates the impact of three publicness dimensions (ownership, political control, and goal ambiguity) on earnings management (EM) in SOEs, a managerial practice that affects the quality of financial accountability. Drawing on data from a sample of 1200 Italian SOEs, the conditional revenue model (Stubben, 2010) is used to estimate their EM during the period 2009–2017. These EM estimates are then regressed against dimensions of publicness. Findings show that publicness is either neutral or relevant for the quality of SOEs’ financial accountability, depending on the dimensions analysed: while ownership and financial control are positively related to EM in SOEs, administrative control and goal ambiguity are not statistically significant predictors of EM. Moreover, the interaction of publicness dimensions does not affect EM in SOEs. Therefore, this paper shows that SOEs’ publicness is either irrelevant or detrimental to the quality of SOEs’ financial accountability, depending on the dimension of publicness considered. Efforts should be made to define policies and governance arrangements able to influence managers’ behaviour in a way that preserves SOEs’ financial accountability.

scholarly journals INITIATIVES AND ROLE OF WOMEN SCIENTIST FORUMS WITH MENTORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES IN STEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
S. Konyeha ◽  
G. I. Agwam ◽  
E. Musa ◽  
I. V. Ngonadi ◽  
A. C. Afehomo
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Science Careers ◽  
Collaborative Groups ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The University

Women scientists are strategically positioned to drive the current initiatives for achieving targeted sustainable development goals (SDGs). Many women are celebrated today, who have made significant contributions in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), despite hurdles they have been faced with in their science careers. Engaging in normal scientific collaborations was difficult for some of them and simply impossible for others. They were not encouraged by the predominantly male environments of university and business worlds, barred from the communities in which male scientists met and conversed, these women in science struggled against discrimination based on gender. While many of these women have been nearly lost to history in a changing world, some achieved such pinnacles as the Nobel Prize by surmounting these hurdles. This paper investigates factors that inhibit women in science. To this end, a survey design based on random sampling technique using a questionnaire instrument was designed, to retrieve information from individuals engaged in science careers. The study population involved one hundred and fourteen post-graduate science students of the University of Benin. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that females view mentorship as a very important factor towards their career progression in STEM, but 29% lacked mentors. 73% of the women were not aware of women scientist forums with mentorship opportunities. They were faced with the barrier of funding, lack of mentors and personally encountered gender bias amongst other barriers. From our result, it is evident that the role of mentors to mentees and women scientist initiatives alongside forums with mentoring activities, cooperation, networking and collaborative groups is needed to increase the participation of women and girls in STEM. It is recommended that mentoring forums and strategies should be adopted in schools and organizations to encourage girls and women in science.

The Social Construction of Australian Women in IT

2011 ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Nielsen ◽  
Liisa von Hellens
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Women In It ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
The Social ◽  
It Education ◽  
Workforce Needs

The declining participation of women in IT education and professional work is now a well-documented research area (Adam, Howcroft, & Richardson, 2004), but the causes and remedies remain puzzling and complex. Studies have indicated that there are signs of the “shrinking pipeline” (Camp, 1997) even in the years between junior and senior high school (i.e., Meredyth, Russell, Blackwood, & Thomas, 1999) when girls’ interest and confidence in the use of computers declines markedly. A lack of clarity as to what constitutes the IT industry and the rapid rate of change complicate attempts to understand the reasons for the declining participation of women in the IT industry, as well as the declining interest in IT degrees. This is despite the fact that IT salaries compare well with other professional salaries and are superior to most traditional female occupations (Megalogenis, 2003). Our research also demonstrates that many people—especially women—enter the IT workforce via other qualifications indicating that traditional IT education is not very successful in attracting either the quantity or quality of students required to meet workforce needs. Furthermore, IT has not matched the rise in female participation in the traditionally male-dominated professions of science, engineering, and medicine.

scholarly journals Participation of Women in Engineering & Technology Education and Employment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Technology Education ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Women In Engineering ◽  
Engineering And Technology Education ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Education And Employment

Engineering and Technology Education is a means to sustain and accelerate the overall development in a country and it has a direct effect on individuals’ productivity and earnings as well. But the problem is there is gender disparity in distribution especially in developing countries among educational branches. In Ethiopia, despite significant improvements in the last couple of years, women are still under-represented in engineering and technology. Since the share of Ethiopian women in science and technology programs in higher education has been low, the governments apply a policy to stream 70% of all university entrants to be in the science and technology track indirectly to increase their entry into these fields. Even if this types of policy is applying, their participation in engineering and technology education and employment is very low proportion. The main purpose of this study is an attempt to assess trends and share of women in the field of engineering and technology regarding to their share of enrollment, employment and professional positions from the period 2000 -12 based on available secondary data collected from different sources. The collected quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive data analysis techniques. Result from the data shows that there is low share of women in engineering and technology enrollment, employment and professional position status as compared to male in the country. Even if the share of enrollment of women in higher education is on improved status, their share of enrollment in engineering and technology filed is quite low that on average below 30 percent per year. In addition, this grate disparity and low participation of women in engineering and technology invites further investigation regarding to what is the reason behind.

scholarly journals GENDER GAP IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
Devananda Beura
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Long Time

The world has historically experienced with the exclusion of women from science for a long time. Later on, the gender questions in science and technology was extensively raised and the entry of women in science and technology got started. But, the participation of women in Science is still not in parity of expectation. Although the gender gap in science and technology is continuously narrowing down over the years, men still continue to outperform women in scientific experiments and achievements. The negative attitude of women about science and technology remains active due to the influence of socio-psychological parameters. Gender inequality in science and technology can be reduced by proper monitoring, proper informing and creating necessary work conditions in these fields.  Gender equality and normal work conditions for both men and women are prime factors for functioning of any normal society and settling the gender inequality in science and technology may strengthen the socio-scientific development.

Epistemic and relational conflicts in sharing identical vs. complementary information during cooperative learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Darnon ◽  
Céline Buchs ◽  
Fabrizio Butera
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Relational Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

When interacting on a learning task, which is typical of several academic situations, individuals may experience two different motives: Understanding the problem, or showing their competences. When a conflict (confrontation of divergent propositions) emerges from this interaction, it can be solved either in an epistemic way (focused on the task) or in a relational way (focused on the social comparison of competences). The latter is believed to be detrimental for learning. Moreover, research on cooperative learning shows that when they share identical information, partners are led to compare to each other, and are less encouraged to cooperate than when they share complementary information. An epistemic vs. relational conflict vs. no conflict was provoked in dyads composed by a participant and a confederate, working either on identical or on complementary information (N = 122). Results showed that, if relational and epistemic conflicts both entailed more perceived interactions and divergence than the control group, only relational conflict entailed more perceived comparison activities and a less positive relationship than the control group. Epistemic conflict resulted in a more positive perceived relationship than the control group. As far as performance is concerned, relational conflict led to a worse learning than epistemic conflict, and - after a delay - than the control group. An interaction between the two variables on delayed performance showed that epistemic and relational conflicts were different only when working with complementary information. This study shows the importance of the quality of relationship when sharing information during cooperative learning, a crucial factor to be taken into account when planning educational settings at the university.

A Futures Study on the Quality Of Life from the Point Of View of Iranian Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sina Saeedy ◽  
Mojtaba Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Eyvazi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Futures Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

Quality of life and satisfaction with life as tightly interconnected concepts have become of much importance in the urbanism era. No doubt, it is one of the most important goals of every human society to enhance a citizen’s quality of life and to increase their satisfaction with life. However, there are many signs which demonstrate the low level of life satisfaction of Iranian citizens especially among the youth. Thus, considering the temporal concept of life satisfaction, this research aims to make a futures study in this field. Therefore, using a mixed model and employing research methods from futures studies, life satisfaction among the students of the University of Tehran were measured and their views on this subject investigated. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed together in order to test the hypotheses and to address the research questions on the youth discontentment with quality of life. Findings showed that the level of life satisfaction among students is relatively low and their image of the future is not positive and not optimistic. These views were elicited and discussed in the social, economic, political, environmental and technological perspectives. Keywords:  futures studies, quality of life, satisfaction with life, youth

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