scholarly journals GEODYNAMICS

GEODYNAMICS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1(6)2007 (1(6)) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
T.V. Guseva ◽  
◽  
L. Latynina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Precursors ◽  
Gps Measurements ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Gps Measurement ◽  
Large Frequency ◽  
Crust Surface ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

The important problems of the GPS measurements are the searches of the earthquake precursors and study of irreversible and varying displacement of the Earth crust, due to the strongest earthquakes. With development of GPS systems and improvement of satellite technologies of measurements and methods of processing there was possible to in detail register the processes occurring during activization of seismicity. GPS measurement with the large frequency of registration of satellite signals are the powerful tool of study longperiodical waves at the strongest earthquakes. There are considered the examples of registration of the irreversible and coseismical horizontal displacements and deformations of the Earth crust surface arising during the tectonical processes, accompanied the strong earthquakes (Izmit by 1999, Alaska 2002, Sumatra 2004 etc.).

How to Predict Earthquakes by Using Simple and Reliable Method? Peru, Chile, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Pillai S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Orbital Motion ◽  
Earthquake Precursors ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Eruption Precursors ◽  
Weather Anomalies ◽  
Seasonal Weather

This paper intended to highlight the simple, quick and reliable method to detect impending earthquake�s location. Volcanic eruption precursors are originated only around the volcanos, like that the onshore earthquake precursors are originated only from earthquake epicenter zones. Epicenter zones are earthquake zones, a little variation of fault zone, it comprises movable tectonic plates. Due to the orbital motion of the earth, centrifugal force generated, this centrifugal force is the major driving force of tectonic plates. The position of the orbital motion of the earth generated seasonal variations/atmospheric weather anomalies as onshore earthquake precursors and earthquakes, year after year repeating at same places. The generation process of seasonal weather anomalies is the part of generation process of earthquakes at epicenter zones. Both seasonal weather anomalies and seismic anomalies are not continued all through the year at same places. When earth comes to particular position, tectonic plates of particular epicenter zones are set to more active and becomes unstable epicenter zones, causes identifiable, observable, recordable and testable onshore earthquake precursors 1-15 days prior to earthquakes occur.

scholarly journals Global earthquakes in the 2020 second half according to the GS RAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Yuri Vinogradov ◽  
Mariya Ryzhikova ◽  
Natalia Petrov ◽  
Svetlana Poygina ◽  
Marina Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Intraplate Earthquake ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Tatar Strait ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Deep Focus

The data on the seismicity of the Earth in the second half of 2020 at the level of strong earthquakes with magnitudes mb≥6.0 are given according to the data of the Alert Service of the Geophysical Survey RAS. The review also includes information on 54 tangible earthquakes in Russia and five earthquakes in adjacent territories that were felt in the settlements of the Russian Federation. Two of 67 strong earthquakes of the Earth with mb≥6.0 for the period under consideration were registered in the territory of Russia. For 15 strong earthquakes, the Alert Service published Information Messages within one or two days after their occurrence, for 14 earthquakes the information on focal mechanisms is provided. The strongest earthquake of the Earth with MS=7.9 occurred on July, 22 in the region of the Alaska Peninsula. The maximum human casualties and material damage during the study period were the result of the catastrophic intraplate earthquake with MS=6.8, which occurred on October, 30 in the Aegean Sea, near the Samos Island. As a result of the earthquake, 117 people died, 1054 were injured. The strongest earthquake on the territory of Russia was the deep-focus one with mb=6.4, which took place on November, 30 in the Tatar Strait, separating Sakhalin Island from continental Eurasia. The crustal Bystrinsk earthquake on September, 21 with MS=5.2, which occurred in the area of Lake Baikal, was felt with a maximum intensity I=6–7 on the territory of Russia. Comparative analysis of the rate of seismic energy released in the Globe in 2010-2020 showed that its value in the second half of 2020, as well as for 2019-2020 on average, is one of the lowest for the eleven-year period and indicates a seismic calm, which should be replaced by a period of intensification of global seismic and deformation processes

Understanding earthquake from the granular physics point of view — Causes of earthquake, earthquake precursors and predictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunquan Lu ◽  
Meiying Hou ◽  
Zehui Jiang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Gang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Earthquake Precursors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Discrete Nature ◽  
Granular Physics ◽  
Deep Focus ◽  
Tectonic Forces ◽  
Precursory Information

We treat the earth crust and mantle as large scale discrete matters based on the principles of granular physics and existing experimental observations. Main outcomes are: A granular model of the structure and movement of the earth crust and mantle is established. The formation mechanism of the tectonic forces, which causes the earthquake, and a model of propagation for precursory information are proposed. Properties of the seismic precursory information and its relevance with the earthquake occurrence are illustrated, and principle of ways to detect the effective seismic precursor is elaborated. The mechanism of deep-focus earthquake is also explained by the jamming–unjamming transition of the granular flow. Some earthquake phenomena which were previously difficult to understand are explained, and the predictability of the earthquake is discussed. Due to the discrete nature of the earth crust and mantle, the continuum theory no longer applies during the quasi-static seismological process. In this paper, based on the principles of granular physics, we study the causes of earthquakes, earthquake precursors and predictions, and a new understanding, different from the traditional seismological viewpoint, is obtained.

scholarly journals Study of Geo-Electric Data Collected by the Joint EMSEV-Bishkek RS-RAS Cooperation: Possible Earthquake Precursors

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Konstantina Papadopoulou ◽  
Efthimios Skordas ◽  
Jacques Zlotnicki ◽  
Toshiyasu Nagao ◽  
Anatoly Rybin
Keyword(s):  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Earthquake Precursors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Subsurface Resistivity ◽  
Telluric Currents ◽  
Electric Current Source

By employing the cross-correlogram method, in geo-electric data from the area of Kyrgyzstan for the period 30 June 2014–10 June 2015, we identified Anomalous Telluric Currents (ATC). From a total of 32 ATC after taking into consideration the electric current source properties, we found that three of them are possible Seismic Electric Signal (SES) activities. These three SES activities are likely to be linked with three local seismic events. Finally, by studying the corresponding recordings when a DC alternating source injects current into the Earth, we found that the subsurface resistivity seems to be reduced before one of these three earthquakes, but a similar analysis for the other two cannot be done due to their large epicentral distance and the lack of data.

scholarly journals GLOBAL EARTHQUAKES

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
S. Poygina ◽  
Nataliya Petrova ◽  
N. Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Global Seismicity ◽  
Maximum Earthquake

The information on global seismicity in 2014 at the level of strong earthquakes with M≥6 according to the Seismological Bulletin of the Geophysical Survey of RAS (GS RAS) is provided. The original Seismological Bulletin for 2014 contains parameters of 3268 earthquakes in the world, versus 4212 in 2013. This article analyzes 165 earthquakes with M≥6, including 16 strongest earthquakes with M≥7, and five earthquakes with M6.0–6.7, which resulted in significant casualties and destruction. The information on focal mechanisms, macroseismic effect, the number of victims, tsunamis, etc. is given. A comparative analysis of the number of earthquakes and released seismic energy in different seismically active regions of the Earth showed that, as before, the Pacific region was the most seismically active. More than 96 % of common seismic energy was re-leased in the Pacific region, compared to 1.8 % in Eurasia, 1.3 % in Atlantic Ocean and 0.2 % in the Indian Ocean. The Earth’s maximum earthquake in 2014 occurred on April 1 with Mw=8.1 off shore of Chile. It was accompanied by numerous foreshocks and aftershocks. The maximum casualties and material damage in 2014 were caused by the catastrophic Ludian earthquake that occurred on August 3 with MS=6.2 in the Chinese province of Yunnan.

scholarly journals A project of creating atlas aftershocks of strong earthquakes

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
A. V. Guglielmi ◽  
A. D. Zavyalov ◽  
O. D. Zotov
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Omori Law ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Interesting Possibility ◽  
Source Physics

The Omori Law, which describes the repeated underground shocks after a strong earthquake, is written in the form of a nonlinear differential equation. An idea of the focal deactivation coefficient after the main shock is introduced. Two advantages of the new wording of the Omori Law are given. Firstly, there is an interesting possibility to naturally take into account exogenous and endogenous triggers affecting the earthquake source. Endogenous triggers in the form of round-the-world seismic echo and free oscillations of the Earth, excited by the main shock, are especially noted. The second advantage is that the differential aftershock equation makes it possible to put the reverse problem of the earthquake source physics. The essence of the inverse problem is to determine the deactivation coefficient from the data on the observed aftershock frequency. Examples of inverse problem solution are given. The project of creation of the Atlas of aftershocks on the basis of the solution of the inverse problem of the source, cooling down after a strong earthquake is offered.

scholarly journals PHASE REARRANGEMENT IN LOCAL BALANCED HYDROGEOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AS A OF FLUID EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS MECHANISM OCCURRENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 248-258
Author(s):  
A. U. ABDULLAEV
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Prediction ◽  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Earthquake Precursors ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Major Earthquake ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
The World ◽  
Precursors Of Earthquakes ◽  
Hydrogeochemical System

Scientists all over the world are making tremendous efforts to solve the problem of earthquake prediction. Dozens of different phenomena and signs that could serve as precursors of earthquakes are found. But these effects were very unstable and had a mosaic character in the propagation of development and time. They appeared not always and not before every major earthquake. There are many cases where earthquakes occurred without the manifestation of any precursors. Such non-stationary phenomena do not allow formulating adequate strong earthquakes preparing models and their methods of predicting. Among well-studied and encouraging earthquake precursors, hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical anomalies are considered to be the most promising, which has a sufficiently substantiated scientific background. In this class of precursors, the mechanism of their formation during the preparation of earthquakes remains debatable. There are several problems due to abnormal concentration sources and their transport during a little time period in the observation points. In the proposed work, it is proved that the main mechanism of the occurrence of exotic transient fluid anomalies is the interphase rearrangement in the local balanced hydrogeochemical system as a reaction to strong earthquakes factors preparing influence. The internal phase reorganization in the hydrogeochemical system is realized through structural relaxation as a result of the occurrence of rapid physicochemical reactions exchange.

scholarly journals Linear models of dissipation whose Q is almost frequency independent

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CAPUTO
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Derivatives ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Solid Sphere ◽  
Inorganic Solids ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Single Substance ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Frequency Independent ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Large Frequency

Laboratory experiments and field observations indicate<br />that tlie Q of many non ferromagnetic inorganic solids is almost frequency<br />independent in the range 10' to 10~2 cps; although no single substance has<br />been investigated over the entire frequency spectrum. One of the purposes<br />of this investigation is to find the analytic expression of a linear dissipative<br />mechanism whose Q is almost frequency independent over large frequency<br />ranges. This will be obtained by introducing fractional derivatives in the<br />stress strain relation.<br />Since the aim of this research is to also contribute to elucidating the<br />dissipating mechanism in the earth free modes, we shall treat the cases of<br />dissipation in the free purely torsional modes of a shell and the purely<br />radial vibration of a solid sphere.<br />The theory is checked with the new values determined for the Q of<br />the spheroidal free modes of the earth in the range between 10 and 5 minutes<br />integrated with the Q of the Railegh waves in the range between 5 and 0.6<br />minutes.<br />Another check of the theory is made with the experimental values<br />of the Q of the longitudinal waves in an alluminimi rod, in the range between<br />10-5 and 10-3 seconds.<br />In both clicks the theory represents the observed phenomena very<br />satisfactory.

Questions on measurements of the Earth’s crustal strain on the basis of GPS data on geodynamic moves of plates after earthquakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 919 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
S.A. Ganiyeva ◽  
J.T. Mehdiyev
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Shallow Earthquakes ◽  
Triangular Network ◽  
Gps System

It is well-known that strong shallow earthquakes are usually accompanied with series of aftershocks which can be explained by non-complete removal of strains, collected in the center during the main shock. But in some cases after some time interval the repeated strong earthquake happens in the same place. There are different versions for such repeated earthquakes. It is obvious, that all existing versions require presence or accumulation of strain in the active zone after the main shock which stress out the actuality of development of theoretical and methodological basics for assessment of strains on the basis of experimental data on plates motion. The importance of geodynamic research of remained strain at the Earth crust after strong earthquakes by way of calculation of remained strain on the basis of data plates is noted. It is shown, that utilization of GPS system for determination of shifts of plates could lead to error caused by shifts of GPS stations due to various causes.The consideration of the case where the non-stability of atmospheric pressure is a prevailing factor is reasoned. The related formulas for calculation of strain of the Earth crust on the basis of GPS measurements in the triangular network are given.

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