scholarly journals PAREMIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN FILM TRANSLATION (BASED ON THE RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES)

Author(s):  
Елена Васильевна Бутенко

Введение. Проведено лингвостилистическое исследование паремиологических трансформаций в кинотексте и рассмотрены возможности эквивалентной передачи трансформа в языке перевода. Актуальность исследования обусловлена широкой употребительностью пословичных единиц в художественном языке, в частности в кинодискурсе. Встраиваясь в матрицу кинодиалога, они становятся основой для последующих преобразований в высказываниях персонажей, создавая своей окказиональностью значительный экспрессивный потенциал. Цель. Поскольку свидетельством эффективной трансформации является узнаваемость исходной пословицы в трансформе, целью исследования стало выявление лингвостилистических средств, способствующих узнаванию, декодированию и адекватному зрительскому восприятию трансформа в языке принимающей культуры. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили пословичные трансформы в высказываниях персонажей анимационного фильма “The Lion King. Hakuna Matata” («Король Лев. Акуна Матата»). Проводимое исследование имело теоретико-эмпирический характер, при котором анализ материала осуществлялся посредством структурного и описательного методов, позволяющих установить определенные лингвистические закономерности паремиологических трансформаций. Результаты и обсуждение. Анализируемый авторский трансформ является по сути сентенцией, афористическим, то есть лаконичным и поучительным, изречением. Сентенция воспроизводит типические черты народной пословицы: дидактичность, переосмысленность, имплицитность. Оживляя традиционную форму паремиологической единицы, она сохраняет семантико-стилистическое тождество с прецедентным текстом. Наряду со смысловой тождественностью с исходной пословицей, трансформ-сентенция демонстрирует и синтаксическую схожесть, при этом бесшовно включаясь в контекст диалога. Констатируемые проявления трансформационного процесса закономерны, так как трансформ создается по пословичным алгоритмам, что обеспечивает его соотносимость с исходной пословицей. Их имплицитная общность предопределяет и в некоторой степени ограничивает вариативность лексического содержания, а также синтаксической структуры трансформа. Это дедуктивное положение может стать небольшим научным вкладом в лингвостилистические исследования в области паремиологической трансформации. Оно эффективно работает в художественном языке, где обеспечивающая адекватное восприятие логическая структура традиционной пословицы способна производить дериваты, выделяющиеся своеобразием формы. Проводимым лингвостилистическим исследованием изучаются людические (игровые) ресурсы полисемии, применяемые в трансформе, и анализируются изыскиваемые возможности перевода каламбурных речений. Внесение модифицированной пословичной единицы – сентенции – в структуру кинодиалога рассматривается как прием стилистической цитации, функциональная ценность которой подтверждается уместностью употребления в определенной ситуации общения. Статус интертекстуального знака, приобретаемый сентенцией в высказывании персонажа, наделяет ее особой значимостью и способствует возникновению направленных ассоциаций, служит средством усиления аргументации и выражения оценки. Заключение. Трансформация паремиологических единиц – это результат художественно-обработанного прецедентного текста, где структурно-семантическая устойчивость обновляется окказиональным, но идентичным по содержанию выражением. Таким образом, модифицированные паремии не воспринимаются как безжизненные фольклорные штампы, они являются актуальными составляющими речевого узуса. Поскольку краткость входит одним из основных компонентов в понятие «пословица», ее семантико-стилистическому деривату также свойственны смысловая емкость и синтаксическая сжатость. Подобные формы способствуют созданию языковой компрессии, необходимой в субтитровании, наиболее востребованном виде киноперевода. Этот фактор подтверждает как практическую значимость исследования, так и его актуальность для киноиндустрии. Introduction. The linguistic research analyzes paremiological transformations in the film text and stud-ies the possibilities of their equivalent translation in the host culture. The relevance of the study is due to the wide use of proverbial units in the artistic language and namely in film discourse. Embedded in the matrix of the film dialogue, they become a basis for subsequent transformations in characters’ speech, creating a significant expressive potential because of their occasional character. Aim and objectives. Since the recognition of the original proverb in the modified version is the proof of an effective transformation, the aim of the study is to identify the linguistic means that contribute to recognition, decoding and adequate perception of the transform in the language of the host culture. Material and methods. The research is based on the proverbial transforms in the characters’ utterances of the animated film “The Lion King. Hakuna Matata”. Being of a theoretical-empirical nature, the lingua-stylistic study required the use of the structural and descriptive methods, which made it possible to pinpoint certain linguistic regularities of paremiological transformations. Results and discussion. The analyzed author’s transform is actually an epigram – an anaphoristic statement, concise and instructive. It reproduces the typical features of a proverb: didacticity, transfig-uration, implication. Renewing the traditional form of the paremiological unit, the epigram retains the semantic-stylistic identity with the precedent text. Alongside the semantic identity with the proverbial prototype, the transform also demonstrates the syntactic similarity, while seamlessly integrating into the context of the dialogue. The stated manifestations of the transformation process are explicable, since the transform is created according to proverbial algorithms, which ensure its correlation with the original proverb. The implicit mutuality predetermines and limits, to a certan extent, the variability of the lexical content and the syn-tactic pattern of a transform. This deductive reasoning can be a scientific contribution to the lingua-stylistic research in the sphere of paremiological transformation. It works efficiently in the artistic lan-guage, where, ensuring an adequate perception, the logical framework of a traditional proverb pro-duces derivatives, various and expressive in form. The lingua-stylistic research explores the game art resources of polysemy used in the transformation unit, and analyzes the exploited possibilities of translating a pun. The introduction of a modified proverbial unit — an epigram, for example – into the structure of a film dialogue is viewed as a stylistic citation technique, the functional value of which is confirmed by the appropriateness of its use in a certain situation of communication. The status of an intertextual unit, acquired by a transform in a character’s utterance, endows it with special significance and promotes the emergence of directed associations, serves as a means of strengthening argumentation and assess-ment. Conclusion. The transformation of paremias is the outcome of an artistically processed precedent text, where the structural and semantic fixity is revived by an expression, identical in content, but peculiar in form. Thus modified paremias are not perceived as lifeless folklore cliches, but real live compo-nents of speech use. Since brevity is one of the main components in the concept of «a proverb», its derivative is also char-acterized by semantic capacity and syntactic conciseness. Such models contribute to the creation of language compression required in subtitling, the most popular kind of film translation. This factor con-firms both the practical significance of the study and its relevance for the film industry.

Author(s):  
Ihor Oheruk

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the application of the second and third parts of Article 3692 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to officials in the context, that defines them by the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. In the course of the study, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative. Results: in the course of research the cause of criminalization of such act as "abuse of power" is considered, the subject of the specified criminal act which has the features of "an official" in the context, that defines it by the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is analyzed and the main ways of committing criminal acts, that are provided for in this article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are identified. Originality. The study found, that one of the key conditions for the opportunity to influence officials, that are authorized to perform government or local self-government functions, is the position held by the official and the related opportunities. Therefore, taking into account the opinion of the scientists, that the subject of crimes, that are provided for by the second and third parts of Article 3692 is special, the peculiarities of which is the cumulative feature, that denotes, that such person is not endowed with the status of an official, well-founded need to specify the criminal legislation of Ukraine in terms of the application the second and third parts of Article 3692 of the Criminal code of Ukraine concerning officials in the context, that defines them by the criminal legislation of Ukraine in the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Practical significance. The research results can be used in lawmaking in the improvement of anti-corruption legislation.


Author(s):  
Galyna Moroz

Purpose. The article is aimed at analyzing the general theoretical principles and the essential characteristics of legal restrictions in environmental law; defining category of “environmental legal restrictions”, their content, system and the status of the respective legislation. Methodology. The methodology consists in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the provisions of environmental legislation and formulating relevant conclusions on this basis. During the research, the following methods of scientific research were used: terminological, systemic and structural, comparative legal, structural and functional. Results. The objectively determined necessity of unconditional adherence to the legally established environmental requirements, prohibitions and restrictions as well as their potential scientifically substantiated enhancement in order to achieve environmentally significant goals oriented towards the priorities of sustainable development is substantiated. Restrictive mechanisms are scattered across statutory and regulatory acts of different legal force and even different branches of law, therefore, the need for their systematization and unification as well as generalization of the experience of their practical implementation in order to establish a comprehensive system of environmental restrictions is discussed. In our opinion, the conceptual basis and general essential characteristics of public environmental requirements and restrictions should be reflected in the future Environmental Code of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, the author defines restrictions in environmental law as a specific sectoral imperative mechanism for regulating relations in the field of environmental safety, which consists in systematically introducing legislation on imperative provisions of environmental law as well as establishing specific legal regimes and mechanisms for their application and implementation. Practical significance. The main conclusions can be used in law-making and law-enforcing activities, as well as in further theoretical and legal research and in the educational process.


Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Bedford ◽  
OB Mock ◽  
SK Nagdas ◽  
VP Winfrey ◽  
GE Olson

To obtain further perspective on reproduction and particularly gamete function among so-called primitive mammals presently grouped in the Order Insectivora, we have examined the African hedgehog, Atelerix albiventris, in light of unusual features reported in shrews and moles. Atelerix proves to share many but not all of the characteristics seen in these other insectivores. The penis of Atelerix has a 'snail-like' form, but lacks the surface spines common in insectivores and a number of other mammals. Hedgehog spermatozoa display an eccentric insertion of the tail on the sperm head, and they manifest the barbs on the perforatorium that, in shrews, probably effect the initial binding of the sperm head to the zona pellucida. As a possible correlate, the structural matrix of the hedgehog acrosome comprises only two main components, as judged by immunoblotting, rather than the complex of peptides seen in the matrix of some higher mammals. The Fallopian tube of Atelerix is relatively simple; it displays only minor differences in width and in the arborized epithelium between the isthmus and ampulla, and shows no evidence of the unusual sperm crypts that characterize the isthmus or ampulla, depending on the species, in shrews and moles. In common with other insectivores, Atelerix appears to be an induced ovulator, as judged by the ovulation of some 6-8 eggs by about 23 h after injection of hCG. The dense cumulus oophorus appeared to have little matrix, in keeping with the modest dimensions of the tubal ampulla and, while it was not quite as discrete as that of soricids, it did show the same insensitivity to 0.5% (w/v) ovine or bovine hyaluronidase.


Author(s):  
Lijun Gao ◽  
Bingde Chen ◽  
Zhong Xiao ◽  
Shengyao Jiang ◽  
Jiyang Yu

Irradiation swelling of UO2 at the fuel pellet rim was modeled based on the published theory and data of HBS (High Burnup Structure) formation. Fuel swelling was divided into two parts: fuel matrix swelling and porosity growth. Both solid fission products and fission gas contribute to the fuel matrix swelling prior to HBS transformation, resulting in relatively stable matrix swelling rate of around 1.0% per 10 GWd/tU, but the transformation accompanied by Xe depletion reduces the matrix swelling rate to approximately 0.3% per 10 GWd/tU, only attributed to solid fission products. Considering the direct impact of Xe depletion on the drop of matrix swelling rate, the exponential law of Xe depletion was applied to model the reduction of matrix swelling rate. Pore size and pore density evolution are the two main aspects of porosity growth. Pore size takes the form of lognormal distribution, whose parameters are obtained through fitting the experimental data. Pore density increases in the transformation process but goes down as a result of pore coarsening thereafter. Published data of three pellets were used to verify the correlations modeling pore growth, which were proven generally consistent with each other. The results of this work are ready to be incorporated into fuel performance modeling code as an option for detailed calculation of fuel swelling.


JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Didit Herdiawan ◽  
Joni Widjayanto ◽  
Benny Sukandari ◽  
Made Suwandiyana

KRI is one of the main components possessed by the Indonesian Navy which has the main task of security and national defense at sea. The Termination of Operation KRI over the age of 40 results in a lack of existing KRI, so there is a need for research that represents an evaluation and analysis of the work system so that the main tasks can still be carried out. The SWOT and CIPP analysis in this study aims to identify several factors that influence the achievement of the main tasks. The results obtained are in Quadrant I (+; +) which states the status "on the track".Keywords : KRI, SWOT, CIPP.


Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Zhenggang Gong ◽  
Guangxu Yang ◽  
Lihui Chen ◽  
Liulian Huang ◽  
...  

Due to the invalidity of traditional models, pretreatment conditions dependent parameter of susceptible dissolution degree of xylan (dX) was introduced into the kinetic models. After the introduction of dX, the dissolution of xylan, and the formation of xylo-oligosaccharides and xylose during ethanol based auto-catalyzed organosolv (EACO) pretreatments of bamboo were well predicted by the pseudo first-order kinetic models (R2 > 97%). The parameter of dX was verified to be a variable dependent of EACO pretreatment conditions (such as solvent content in pretreatment liquor and pretreatment temperature). Based on the established kinetic models of xylan dissolution, the dissolution of glucan and the formation of degradation products (furfural and acetic acid) could also be empirically modeled (R2 > 97%). In addition, the relationship between xylan and lignin removal can provide guidance for alleviating the depositions of lignin or pseudo-lignin. The parameter of dX derived novel kinetic models can not only be used to reveal the multi-step reaction mechanisms of xylan, but also control the final removal of main components in bamboo during EACO pretreatments, indicating scientific and practical significance for governing the biorefinery of woody biomass.


2019 ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
A. M. Tormakhova

The aim of the article is to highlight the actual trends associated with architectural construction and identify ways of forming a visual image of a modern city. The solution to this goal involves not only the analysis of certain unique architectural structures, but also the outline of the existing visual practices in the city which correlate with the urban landscape. The research methodology is connected with the use of the method of synthe- sis, the use of tools of cultural analysis. The most extraordinary buildings are rarely residential buildings, much more often they are intended for public use. Their very essence is con- nected with publicity and attraction of a considerable quantity of visitors, tourists. These can be museums, libraries, concert halls, stadiums, shop- ping malls. In addition to these structures, extremely impressive structures are created in the field of transport – bridges, railway stations. The re- equipment of old objects and the creation of new ones becomes such that necessarily creates an occasion for communication, becoming a part of the media. In architecture there is a desire to circumvent the principle of statics that was inherent to it. Manifestations of this tendency in architecture were attempts to "revitalize" the building, giving them mobility through structures that visually convey the idea of fluidity (asymmetric structures, often deprived of straight angles with the prevalence of rounded parts). Creating the effect of architectural variability arises not only at the expense of innovative constructions, but also due to the equipment of the buildings by media facades, which perform as a purely aesthetic and advertising function, providing the opportunity to represent buildings in fundamentally different visual images. Scientific novelty consists in highlighting the specifics of architectural constructions claiming the status of "art" and visual practices that in- teract with them directly. The conclusion is made about the transformation of a modern city. The practical significance of the study is that features of the development of modern architectural constructions are presented and the factors influencing the formation of the visual image of the city are highlighted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
N.V. Mikhalkin ◽  
A.N. Averyushkin

Aim. To clarify the basic componentof the content of the educational environment, as well as to highlight its components and types. Procedure and methods. The article identifies the main components of the educational environment, from the point of view of the philosophical approach to understanding this phenomenon, as well as analyzed and evaluated the reasons that make it unsafe, the allocation of levels of expansion, the classification of the types of safety of the educational environment. In the study methods are used: analogies, comparative, generalization, system, interpretation of the results, thought experiment. The results. The work clarifies the content of the educational environment, reveals its main components, on the basis of a philosophical approach to this phenomenon, has been identified the impact of various types of expansion on its safety, identified and justified the basic safety of the educational environment, taking into account the current state of public practice in the country and the world, as well as the requirements that are imposed on educational institutions on the education and education of trainees. Theoretical and/or practical significance. The results of the study contribute to the palette of research of the educational environment in school and university, to the methodology of organizing the safety of the educational environment, as well as to the practice of educational activities of schools and universities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Evgeny G. Vodichev ◽  
◽  

The paper is devoted to the problems of the USSR scientific and technology (S&T) policy during the “Khrushchev’s decade”, presented as part of the macroeconomic policy. The analysis is carried out in the context of economic reforms and experiments implemented in the country. The main components of S&T policy are revealed, the evolution of its structure and content in comparison with the first post-war decade is shown. In the analysis of S&T policy, the main attention is paid to the reflection of the status of science as a driver of economic development in the context of global challenges and the formation of new techno-economic paradigms. The emphasis on the applied function of research and development (R&D) proclaimed in the framework of S&T policy is presented as a reflection of the traditional for the USSR interpretations of the place and role of science in society under new conditions of scientific and technological revolution as a Soviet counter-thesis to the concepts of post-industrial society. The connection of decision-making mechanisms in the field of S&T policy with general line of Khrushchev’s populism, and the emerging practice of “bureaucratic bargaining” is outlined. The basic trends of approaches to planning in science and coordination in the field of R&D are identified, the directions of organisational restructuring in the governing of the scientific and technical complex are shown. It is concluded that S&T policy in the mid-1950s — 1960s remained a function of economic policy, that a unified S&T policy in the country under N. S. Khrushchev had not been formed. At the same time, the return on innovation remained at a low level.


2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin Zhang ◽  
Xiang Feng Bo

Use of resource-rich wastepaper/recycled plastics as raw materials in the production of wood-plastic composites(WPC) can alleviate the shortage of wood resources, reduce pollution and has a attractive prospect. In this paper, old newspaper fiber(ONPF)/recycled-polypropylene(rPP) Wood-Plastics Composite(WPC) was prepared by means of mixing processing and compression molding. The effects of technical conditions on the mechanical properties of WPC were investigated. The structure of composite was characterized by means of FTIR and SEM. The results show that, Wastepaper and waste-PP can be used as raw materials for preparation of WPC. The suitable preparation process for wastepaper/rPP composites was: wastepaper fiber 20%, blending temperature 175°C, blending time 15min, molding pressure 12MPa, molding temperature 175°C and molding time 10min. In these conditions, tensile strength and flexural strength of wastepaper/rPP composites are 23.6MPa and 28.8MPa respectively, increased by 20.9% and 12.6% compared to those of rPP matrix. The elongation at break of WPC is 10.6%, and the flexural modulus is 1328.9MPa,increased by 7.7% compared to those of rPP matrix. The structure analysis found that there is no chemical reaction between the fibers and the matrix. The research results have important practical significance in the field of printing and packaging waste recycling and utilization, environmental protection and energy saving.


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