scholarly journals Basic Strategies for Indirect Reduced Apology in English

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
E. B. Skvortsova ◽  
A. I. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
English Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
First Time

Attention is paid to the methods of implementing direct and indirect speech acts of apology. It is shown that the use of an indirect speech act of apology along with a direct speech act of apology is typical of the English language. It is noted that the tendency toward the use of stable expressions observed in the English language allows us to analyze the implementation of the indirect speech act of apology with the help of linguistic corps by requesting clichéd expressions used instead of standard speech apology formulas. The description of the methods of formation of indirect speech acts is given. The conditions necessary for the implementation of these speech acts are indicated. The authors dwell on a detailed study of such a method of forming an indirect speech act of apology as reduction, since this method is the main one for an indirect apology. An overview of the main strategies for reduced apology in the English language is given. The analysis of the implementation of these strategies, which can be used individually or combined with each other depending on the context, is performed. The novelty of the study is that for the first time a detailed description of the realizations of the reduced speech act of apology based on the material of linguistic corps is given.

THE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACT IN “BARBIE AS RAPUNZEL” MOVIE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Siti Hunsawati ◽  
Rohmana Rohamana ◽  
Siam Siam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

This thesis is about the analysis of speech act in Barbie as Rapunzel movie. The research questions of this thesis were (1) what are the direct and indirect speech acts used by the main character in Barbie as Rapunzel movie? And (2) What are the perlocutionary acts of the main character’s utterances in Barbie as Rapunzel movie?. The objectives of this research were (1) To decribe the direct and indirect speech acts used by the main character in Barbie as Rapunzel  movie  and  (2)  To  describe  the perlocutionary acts   of   the   main   character’s   utterances   in   Barbie  as Rapunzel movie. This research used a qualitative method to describe and analyze  the  utterance.  The  technique  of  data  collection were (1) The researcher download Barbie as Rapunzel movie on youtube. (2) The researcher watched the movie of Barbie as Rapunzel  repetedly. (3) Reading and checking dialogue which related with research from the movie script “Barbie as Rapunzel” movie. (4) The researcher classified the dirrect, indirect speech, and perlocutionary acts. The technique   of   data   analysis   were  (1)   The   researcher identified the direct, indirect speech act and perlocutionary acts from Barbie as Rapunzel movie. (2) Described and analized the utterances which include direct, indirect, and perlocutionary acts. (3) Concluding the data analysis. The result of this thesis show that direct speech acts is the dominant types of speech acts. Where, there are 58 direct speech acts, 2 indirect speech acts, and 41 perlocutionary acts. Keywords: Speech Act, Movie

scholarly journals An Analysis of Speech Acts in Merry Riana : Mimpi Sejuta Dollar Movie

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Rosi Sumaniari ◽  
Dewa Putu Ramendra ◽  
Gede Mahendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Analysis

People rarely know the function of the language used in the film. This study analyzes speech acts in a dialogue film entitled Merry Riana: Dreams of a Million Dollars. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data were analyzed from the form of speech acts consisting of direct and indirect speech acts in the form of declarative, imperative, and interrogative. The type of speech act analysis uses Searle's theory of representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declaration. The result of this research is that direct speech act in interrogative form is 43.63%. Direct speech acts in the declarative form are 95 (43.18%), direct speech acts in the imperative form are 24 (10.90%), indirect speech acts in the imperative form are 2 (0.9%), indirect speech acts in imperative form as much as 2 (0.9%). interrogative form is 2 (0.9%), and indirect speech act in declarative form is 1 (0.45%). Furthermore, 74 utterances are analyzed into five types of speech acts. The most dominant representative used 36 (48.6%). Then followed by directive 21 (28.3%), expressive 14 (18.9%), commissive 3 (4.0%), and declarative 0 (0.0%). This research implies that understanding speech acts plays an important role in communication.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS PERFORMED BY MAIN CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE REVENANT SCRIPT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Fyngky Oktadistio ◽  
Mazrul Aziz ◽  
Zahrida .
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

This Research Entitled “An Analysis Of Direct And Indirect Speech Acts Performed By Main Character In The Movie Revenant Script”. This research was a descriptive analysis that discusses direct and indirect speech acts in movie script entitled ‘The Revenant.’ In analyzing the script, there was used theory by Yule (1996).The data in this research based on main characters’ utterances. The purpose of this analysis was to find out the types, and functions of speech act whether it is direct speech act or indirect speech act in the movie script entitled ‘The Revenant.’ From the analysis, it was found that both direct speech acts and indirect speech acts are used by main characters in this movie. The most dominant type of speech act used in the movie script was direct speech act (13 utterances) and then followed by indirect speech act (9 utterances). The direct speech act was classified again into declarative type (2 utterances) imperative type (5 utterances) and interrogative type (6 utterances). Indirect speech acts were also classified again into declarative type (8 utterances) and Interrogative (1 utterance). For the functions, direct speech acts are classified into the statement (2 utterances), order/request (5 utterances), and the last function of the question (6 utterances). Indirect speech act also classified into question (9 utterances), and no functions of statement and order. Based on the result, the researcher found that Felicity Conditions and genre were the factors affected main characters in producing direct speech acts more than indirect speech acts.

scholarly journals Indirect Speech Acts in the Speech of the Characters of the Tale of Bygone Years

Slovene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-255
Author(s):  
Victor S. Savelyev
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
The Given ◽  
Modern Russian

The article states that communication in Old Russian as well as in modern Russian discourse is characterized by the use of mono-functional and poly-functional indirect speech acts. Moreover, the important aspect that helps to specify the illocutive functions of indirect speech acts in Old Russian is their verifiability: the verbal or non-verbal response of the interlocutor as well as the frame constructions, which introduce direct speech (preposition). These constructions are also used in the middle of the utterance (interposition) or at the end of the utterance (postposition). The author of the chronicles observes the communicative purposes of both the speaker and the interlocutor, indicating that the given utterance should be regarded as an indirect speech act. By analyzing the use of mono-functional indirect speech acts in the original dialogue fragments of the Tale of Bygone Years, the author works out their typology. The groups of interrogative and non-interrogative indirect speech acts have been singled out, each of them having certain typical characteristics. The semantics of non-interrogative utterances in most cases is connected with the expression of indirect meanings of time and aspect of verbal forms. The use of interrogative utterances as indirect speech acts is mostly connected with the changes not only in the illocutive function, but also in the propositional meaning of the predicative unit: interrogative utterances with negations should be interpreted as affirmative non-interrogative utterances and vice versa. The author comes to the conclusion that the use of modern mono-functional indirect speech acts is traditional, since it is identical to their functioning in Old Russian.

scholarly journals Dempster-Shafer Theoretic Learning of Indirect Speech Act Comprehension Norms

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 10410-10417
Author(s):  
Ruchen Wen ◽  
Mohammed Aun Siddiqui ◽  
Tom Williams
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Rule Learning ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Robot Teams ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

For robots to successfully operate as members of human-robot teams, it is crucial for robots to correctly understand the intentions of their human teammates. This task is particularly difficult due to human sociocultural norms: for reasons of social courtesy (e.g., politeness), people rarely express their intentions directly, instead typically employing polite utterance forms such as Indirect Speech Acts (ISAs). It is thus critical for robots to be capable of inferring the intentions behind their teammates' utterances based on both their interaction context (including, e.g., social roles) and their knowledge of the sociocultural norms that are applicable within that context. This work builds off of previous research on understanding and generation of ISAs using Dempster-Shafer Theoretic Uncertain Logic, by showing how other recent work in Dempster-Shafer Theoretic rule learning can be used to learn appropriate uncertainty intervals for robots' representations of sociocultural politeness norms.

What is an indirect speech act?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Jörg Meibauer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

Abstract The notion of an indirect speech act is at the very heart of cognitive pragmatics, yet, after nearly 50 years of orthodox (Searlean) speech act theory, it remains largely unclear how this notion can be explicated in a proper way. In recent years, two debates about indirect speech acts have stood out. First, a debate about the Searlean idea that indirect speech acts constitute a simultaneous realization of a secondary and a primary act. Second, a debate about the reasons for the use of indirect speech acts, in particular about whether this reason is to be seen in strategic advantages and/or observation of politeness demands. In these debates, the original pragmatic conception of sentence types as indicators of illocutionary force seems to have been getting lost. Here, I go back to the seemingly outdated “literal force hypothesis” (see Levinson 1983: 263–264) and point out how it is still relevant for cognitive pragmatics.

scholarly journals Indirect Speech Act of Spongebob Squarepants the Movie

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Ima Frafika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Know How ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Direct and indirect speech acts are the two types of speech acts. This study aims to know how indirect speech acts are employed in the movie "SpongeBob SquarePants." It employs descriptive qualitative research to explain the main character's speech act types. There is currently a scarcity of studies examining speech act types in cartoon or animation films; yet, it is necessary. According to this study, the result of this article is: first, there are seventy-four discussions of indirect speech acts obtained from all characters in the movie SpongeBob SquarePants. Each dialogue in the film SpongeBob SquarePants can be deduced to reveal the meaning of indirect speech acts. Second, The reader can use the domain analysis indirect speech acts summary to help them understand each dialogue in this movie that has a different meaning. This stage permitted the main characters to say literal things to the listener. The main character did not make a difficult-to-understand statement to the listener. This research looks at Yule's theory's utterances of indirect speech activities. As a result, the outcome differed from the prior study, despite the same issue.

scholarly journals Indirect Speech Act in Judy Christenberry's Novel the Cowboy's Secret Son: A Pragmatic Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ratna Muntiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
English Novel ◽  
The Core ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Theory ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

This paper presents the core of a descriptive theory of Indirect Speech acts, i.e. utterances used by the speaker to the hearer based on the three types of felicity conditions such as content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity condition. The data examples takes from the English novel "The Cowboy's Secret Son" contains some of indirect speech act utterances that are included to the pragmatic study. The researcher explains and analyzes every utterance based on the theory of Yule (1996), Searle (1976, 1975), Austin (1962), Mey (1993), Bach and Harmish (1979), and Levinson (1983). The result of the research is founded that the speaker uses indirect speech act is to convey the request to the hearer to do something in the future. Moreover they use indirect speech act which has two meanings such as literal meaning and non-literal meaning or indirect meaning. In other words, they use indirect speech act to avoid the hearer to get upset, feel bad, angry and for politeness. And, generally they use indirect speech act because they have recognized the matters they are uttering.

scholarly journals Speech Act Analysis of Madurese Wedding Ceremony in Kalidandan Village, Pakuniran, Probolinggo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Anwari Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Analysis ◽  
Perlocutionary Act

Pragmatics is the study of those relations between language and context that are grammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of language. This study aims to describe kinds of speech acts especially locutionary act, illocutionary act, and the perlocutionary act of Madurese wedding ceremony in Kalidandan village, Pakuniran district, Probolinggo regency. The results of this study showed that the illocutionary act of the Madurese wedding ceremony in Kalidandan village, Pakuniran district, Probolinggo regency has various kinds of speech act, 1) direct speech act; 2) indirect speech act; 3) literal speech act; 4) non-literal speech act; 5) direct literal speech act; 6) indirect literal speech act; 7) direct non-literal speech act, and 8) indirect non-literal speech act.Keywords: Speech act, Kinds of speech act, and Madurese

scholarly journals INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS IN TOBA DREAM MOVIE

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Taufan Fadilah ◽  
Isli Iriani Indiah Pane
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study focused on indirect speech act used by the main characters in Toba Dream movie. The objectives of the study were to: (1) find out the types of indirect speech acts used in Toba Dream movie, and (2) describe how types of indirect speech acts used in Toba Dream movie. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data of the study were all utterances uttered by the main character in Toba Dream movie and collected by watching the movie.  The result of the study showed that there were four types of indirect speech acts found in Toba Dream movie, they were: representative, directive, commisive, expressive containing indirect speech acts in Toba dream Movie. Representative (25,71%) were realized by interrogative sentences and imperative sentences. Directive (21,43%) were realized by declarative sentences and interrogative sentences. Commisive (14,28%) were realized by declarative sentences. The main characters in Toba dream movie dominated the use of indirect speech act to express statement, command and warning. It showed that they could produce the language more politely and keep the hearer’s face while getting instruction or information indirectly.Keywords: indirect speech act, movie pragmatic, Toba Dream

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