Use of serum hyaluronic acid as a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation in dogs with septic peritonitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Kaela E. Shaw ◽  
Alexa M. Bersenas ◽  
Shane W. Bateman ◽  
Shauna L. Blois ◽  
Liz-Valerie S. Guieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Septic Peritonitis

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of the Buccal Mucosa Shows Loss of the Endothelial Glycocalyx and Perivascular Hemorrhages in Pediatric Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lyimo ◽  
Lars Emil Haslund ◽  
Thomas Ramsing ◽  
Christian William Wang ◽  
Akinwale Michael Efunshile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Angiopoietin 1

ABSTRACT Severe malaria is mostly caused by Plasmodium falciparum, resulting in considerable, systemic inflammation and pronounced endothelial activation. The endothelium forms an interface between blood and tissue, and vasculopathy has previously been linked with malaria severity. We studied the extent to which the endothelial glycocalyx that normally maintains endothelial function is involved in falciparum malaria pathogenesis by using incident dark-field imaging in the buccal mucosa. This enabled calculation of the perfused boundary region, which indicates to what extent erythrocytes can permeate the endothelial glycocalyx. The perfused boundary region was significantly increased in severe malaria patients and mirrored by an increase of soluble glycocalyx components in plasma. This is suggestive of a substantial endothelial glycocalyx loss. Patients with severe malaria had significantly higher plasma levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycans than patients with uncomplicated malaria, whereas other measured glycocalyx markers were raised to a comparable extent in both groups. In severe malaria, the plasma level of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid was positively correlated with the perfused boundary region in the buccal cavity. Plasma hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate were particularly high in severe malaria patients with a low Blantyre coma score, suggesting involvement in its pathogenesis. In vivo imaging also detected perivascular hemorrhages and sequestering late-stage parasites. In line with this, plasma angiopoietin-1 was decreased while angiopoietin-2 was increased, suggesting vascular instability. The density of hemorrhages correlated negatively with plasma levels of angiopoietin-1. Our findings indicate that as with experimental malaria, the loss of endothelial glycocalyx is associated with vascular dysfunction in human malaria and is related to severity.

scholarly journals Detection of glomerular anionic sites in post-embedded ultra-thin sections using cationic colloidal gold.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
N P Goode ◽  
M Shires ◽  
D M Crellin ◽  
A M Davison
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Anionic Sites ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cationic Colloidal Gold ◽  
Influence Of Ph

We detected glomerular anionic sites in fixed, LR Gold-embedded ultra-thin tissue sections using cationic colloidal gold. Manual and computer-assisted quantitation were compared, and the influence of pH and glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes on site expression was examined. Both quantitation methods produced similar results. Alteration of pH within a narrow range (pH 2.5-3.0) markedly affected the staining pattern. At pH 2.5, epithelial and endothelial glycocalyx and regular sites restricted to the lamina rara externa were stained. At pH 3.0 and above, glycocalyx was unstained but intracellular and nuclear staining was present; glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangial matrix sites were abundant. After chondroitinase ABC or hyaluronidase digestion, GBM staining was eliminated at pH 2.0 and reduced at pH 7.0 (p less than 0.001), suggesting that degraded sites are associated with chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid. By contrast, prolonged heparitinase I digestion was ineffective at either pH. Digestion of purified substrates revealed crossreactivity of heparitinase towards chondroitin sulfate and of chondroitinase towards hyaluronic acid. Since tissue sites were reduced by chondroitinase but not heparitinase, we suggest that degradation is due to hyaluronidase activity of chondroitinase and the anionic sites are associated with hyaluronic acid. However, the influence of pH indicates that lamina rara externa sites are structurally distinct from other GBM anionic sites.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid in Vascular and Immune Homeostasis during Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ziganshina ◽  
S. V. Pavlovich ◽  
N. V. Bovin ◽  
G. T. Sukhikh
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor ◽  
Major Factors

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem pathologic state that clinically manifests itself after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is characterized by high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. According to modern concepts, the impairment of trophoblast invasion into maternal spiral arteries, leading to the development of ischemia in placenta, is considered to be the major pathogenetic factor of PE development. Ischemic lesions initiate the development of a systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and endothelial dysfunction, which is the main cause of the multiple organ failure in PE. Some data has appear indicating the importance of a glycans-forming endothelial glycocalyx and extracellular matrix (ECM) for placenta morphogenesis, as well as their role in the regulation of vascular permeability and vascular tone in hypertension disorders and, in particular, PE. Since intact glycocalyx and ECM are considered to be the major factors that maintain the physiological vascular tone and adequate intercellular interactions, their value in PE pathogenesis is underestimated. This review is focused on hyaluronic acid (HA) as the key glycan providing the organization and stabilization of the ECM and glycocalyx, its distribution in tissues in the case of presence or absence of placental pathology, as well as on the regulatory function of hyaluronic acids of various molecular weights in different physiological and pathophysiological processes. The summarized data will provide a better understanding of the PE pathogenesis, with the main focus on glycopathology.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic acid plasma levels during high versus low tidal volume ventilation in a porcine sepsis model

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12649
Author(s):  
Rainer Thomas ◽  
Tanghua Liu ◽  
Arno Schad ◽  
Robert Ruemmler ◽  
Jens Kamuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Protective Ventilation ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Lung Protective Ventilation ◽  
Low Tidal Volume ◽  
High Tidal Volume Ventilation ◽  
Volume Ventilation ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx can be observed regularly during sepsis. Moreover, sepsis may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which requires lung protective ventilation with the two cornerstones of application of low tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure. This study investigated the effect of a lung protective ventilation on the integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx in comparison to a high tidal volume ventilation mode in a porcine model of sepsis-induced ARDS. Methods After approval by the State and Institutional Animal Care Committee, 20 male pigs were anesthetized and received a continuous infusion of lipopolysaccharide to induce septic shock. The animals were randomly assigned to either low tidal volume ventilation, high tidal volume ventilation, or no-LPS-group groups and observed for 6 h. In addition to the gas exchange parameters and hematologic analyses, the serum hyaluronic acid concentrations were determined from central venous blood and from pre- and postpulmonary and pre- and postcerebral circulation. Post-mortem analysis included histopathological evaluation and determination of the pulmonary and cerebral wet-to-dry ratios. Results Both sepsis groups developed ARDS within 6 h of the experiment and showed significantly increased serum levels of hyaluronic acid in comparison to the no-LPS-group. No significant differences in the hyaluronic acid concentrations were detected before and after pulmonary and cerebral circulation. There was also no significant difference in the serum hyaluronic acid concentrations between the two sepsis groups. Post-mortem analysis showed no significant difference between the two sepsis groups. Conclusion In a porcine model of septic shock and ARDS, the serum hyaluronic acid levels were significantly elevated in both sepsis groups in comparison to the no-LPS-group. Intergroup comparison between lung protective ventilated and high tidal ventilated animals revealed no significant differences in the serum hyaluronic acid levels.

Healing of Circular Defects in the Rabbit Medial Meniscus Can Occur Spontaneously and Is not Improved by Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid

1996 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 60-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hope ◽  
P. Ghosh ◽  
S. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Keratan Sulphate ◽  
Meniscal Healing ◽  
Meniscus Healing ◽  
Made In

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of intra-articular hyaluronic acid on meniscal healing. Circular defects, 1.0 mm in diameter, were made in the anterior third of the medial meniscus in rabbits. In one joint, 0.4 ml hyaluronic acid (Healon®) was instilled, and in the contralateral (control) joint, 0.4 ml Ringer’s saline. Four rabbits were killed after four, eight and 12 weeks and the menisci examined histologically. By eight weeks most of the lesions had healed by filling with hyaline-like cartilage. Healing was not improved by hyaluronic acid treatment. The repair tissue stained strongly with alcian blue, and the presence of type II collagen, keratan sulphate, and chondroitin sulphate was demonstrated by immunohistochemical localisation. In contrast to the circular defects, longitudinal incisions made in the medial menisci of a further six rabbits did not show any healing after 12 weeks, indicating that the shape of the lesion largely determined the potential for healing.The effect of hyaluronic acid on meniscal healing was tested in a rabbit model. With one millimeter circular lesions in the medial meniscus, healing by filling with hyalinelike cartilage was not significantly affected by the application of hyaluronic acid intra-articularly at the time of surgery, compared to saline controls, as assessed histologically four, eight and 12 weeks after the operation.

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