scholarly journals Vaginal Bacterial Profile in Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Anton G. Petrov ◽  
Milena D Karcheva ◽  
Teodora V. Marinova-Balgaranova ◽  
Rositsa V. Petrova ◽  
Verena K. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Direct Microscopy ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Mycoplasma Detection ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum

Summary This study aimed to determine the bacterial profile of vaginal samples from pregnant women and the prevalence of identified microorganisms. Materials and methods: A prospective epidemiological study was conducted on 150 pregnant women admitted to the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dr. G. Stranski University Hospital in Pleven. Vaginal secretion samples were collected from all the 150 women. Direct microscopy of native smears prepared by the wet mount method to detect Trichomonas vaginalis and direct microscopy of Gram-stained smears was performed. Aerobic culture studies were conducted to identify pathogenic bacteria and Sabouraud glucose agar (SGA) to detect the presence of Candida spp. Samples were also collected from 107 of the women for PCR tests for mycoplasma detection. Results: The highest relative share in the study was women aged 21 to 35 years 104 (69.33%). Of all the hospitalized and examined pregnant women, 87 (57.99%) had medical problems during the current pregnancy and postpartum complications, and 63 women (42%) gave birth without accompanying complications. In 86 (57.32%) of the women, bacteria were detected by direct microscopy of Gram-stained smears. Of these, 24 (16%) had gram-negative rods, 28 (18.66%) had gram-positive cocci. In 34 (22.66%), we found gram-negative and gram-variable pleomorphic bacteria. The aerobic culture study revealed microbiological growth in 44 (29.33%) of the women investigated. Conclusions: Studies on the profile of the vaginal microbiota in pregnant women and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms are essential for make prognoses for pregnancy outcome, evaluating the risk of developing a maternal-fetal infection, and discussing options for timely treatment.

scholarly journals Microbial infection and antibiotic resistance patterns among Jordanian intensive care patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
A. A. Shehabi ◽  
L. Baadran
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Almost All

Microbial infections were observed in 30% [155/519] of all patients consecutively admitted in 1993 to the adult intensive care unit in the Jordan University Hospital in Amman. Gram-negative bacteria were involved in 110 [49%], Gram-positive bacteria in 69 [31%], mixed bacteria species in 25 [11%] and Candida spp. in 19 [9%] of all 223 infection episodes. Five species were isolated most frequently:Staphylococcus aureus [40], Acinetobacter spp. [28] Pseudomonas spp. [22], Enterobacter spp. [20] and Klebsiella spp. [17]. Resistance to most commonly available antibiotics was moderate to very high among Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. Almost all Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and ciprofloxacin

scholarly journals Prevalência e perfil de sensibilidade de bactérias isoladas da urina de gestantes atendidas no serviço de obstetrícia de um hospital terciário

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 24071
Author(s):  
Fernanda Aguirre Carvalho ◽  
Mônica De Abreu Rodrigues ◽  
Angelita Bottega ◽  
Rosmari Hörner
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
The University ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of bacteria in urine cultures of pregnant women seen at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics at the University Hospital of Santa Maria, Brazil, and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of these bacteria.Methods: The reports issued by the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University Hospital of Santa Maria were retrospectively analyzed. All positive urine cultures of pregnant women seen at the Department of Obstetrics from January to December 2014 were included in the study. The tests for the identification of bacterial isolates and their sensitivity profiles were assessed by an automated system.Results: A total of 423 positive urine cultures were detected in the pregnant women. Gram-negative Escherichia coli was the most prevalent microorganism (46.50%). Gram-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus was the second most prevalent bacterium (6.2%). Candida spp. was isolated from 94 (21.8%) urine samples. Nitrofurantoin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid showed the lowest antimicrobial resistance against E. coli (91.33% and 90.77%, respectively). Ampicillin had the highest sensitivity among prevalent Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions: The sensitivity profile found in this study allows us to suggest nitrofurantoin and/or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for the treatment of urinary tract infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria during pregnancy. Given the prevalence rates detected in this study, these antimicrobials can be initiated empirically before the urine culture results are known, in the cases of symptomatic urinary tract infection. This study underscores the importance of urine culture in the prenatal period and in the third trimester because of the different microorganisms identified and the different sensitivity to the antimicrobials tested.

scholarly journals Trend of Bacterial Uropathogens and Their Susceptibility Pattern: Study of Single Academic High-Volume Center in Italy (2015–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Enrica Serretiello ◽  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Biagio Santella ◽  
Giuseppina Giordano ◽  
Manuela Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Epidemiological Trend ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a very widespread infection that can occur in disparate age range, in both sexes and in pregnancy/menopause state. Treatment of UTIs is difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The present study shows five years of data collected on patients admitted at the University Hospital “San Giovann di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” in Salerno, Italy. The investigation exhibits the incidence of the infection, of the gender, and of the age group affected, identifying the most representative bacteria involved, drawing their profile of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 system. Among the 46382 studied patients, 9896 (21.34%) and 36486 (78.66%) were positive and negative for microorganism growth, respectively. Of 9896 positive patients, 6158 (62.23%) females and 3738 (37.77%) males were identified. The highest incidence of positive subjects (56.66%) was recorded in the elderly (>61 years). 8431 (85.20%) uropathogens were Gram-negative, 1367 (13.81%) were Gram-positive, and 98 (0.99%) were Candida species (Candida spp.). Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were the most representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, respectively. The Gram-negative bacteria most representative were highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas among the Gram-positive bacteria, E. faecalis was highly resistant to gentamicin and streptomycin high level synergy, and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and imipenem. This retrospective work investigates the local epidemiological trend in our university hospital in order to induce an increasingly targeted empirical therapeutic approach for the treatment of UTIs.

scholarly journals PREVALÊNCIA DE Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida spp. e Trichomonas vaginalis EM EXAMES CITOPATOLÓGICOS DE GESTANTES ATENDIDAS NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE SANTA MARIA-RS

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bonfanti ◽  
Thissiane De Lima Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Microbiological Agents ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Introdução: Durante a gestação podem ocorrer distúrbios no mecanismo fisiológico do trato genital, composto por Lactobacillus spp., resultando em processos infecciosos determinados por agentes bacterianos. Tais infecções podem levar a doença pélvica inflamatória, parto prematuro e infecção fetal, sendo que o exame de Papanicolaou pode sugerir a presença desses agentes infecciosos. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência dos agentes microbiológicos encontrados no Papanicolaou de gestantes atendidas no HUSM. Métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento do arquivo dos laudos citológicos do Laboratório do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM) no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2008, das gestantes que realizaram o exame citopatológico durante o pré-natal. Resultados: Foram analisados 1344 laudos e observou-se que 59,82% das pacientes apresentaram flora bacteriana normal, ou seja, composta porLactobacillus spp. O total de floras alteradas foi de 40,17%. Dessas, 38,24% apresentaram Gardnerella vaginalis, 33,75% Candida spp., 5,92% Trichomonas vaginalis, 21,54% flora mista (cocos e outros bacilos) e 0,54% outros microorganismos como Leptothrix vaginalis e Fuseobacterium spp. Conclusão: Essas infecções estão associadas à complicações na gestação e nossos resultados mostraram uma alta prevalência de agentes patogênicos nas pacientes, confirmando a importância do acompanhamento pré-natal das gestantes para o diagnóstico e tratamento adequado dessas possíveis infecções.Descritores: gestantes, exame citopatológico, agentes microbiológicos.  Introduction: During pregnancy may occur disorders in the physiological mechanism of genital tract, consisting ofLactobacillus spp., resulting in infectious processes determined by bacterial agents. These infections can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, preterm delivery and fetal infection. The Pap Smear test may suggest the presence of these infectious agents. Objective: To determinate the prevalence of microbiological agents found in the Pap smear test of pregnant women attending in HUSM. Methods: It was made survey of the file of the cytological laboratory of the Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria (HUSM) from January 2005 to December 2008, belonging to women, who underwent the examination of cytopathologic during prenatal care. Results: 1344 reports were analyzed and indicated that 59.82% of patients showed normal bacterial flora, which is composed of Lactobacillus spp. The total flora switched was 40.17%. Of these, 38.24% had Gardnerella vaginalis, 33.75% Candida spp., 5.92% Trichomonas vaginalis, 21.54% mixed flora (bacilli and cocci) and 0.54% other microorganisms such as Leptothrix vaginalis and Fuseobacteriumspp. Conclusion: The microbial infections are associated with complications during pregnancy, our results showed a high prevalence of pathogens in patients, confirming the importance of prenatal care of pregnant women for diagnosis and proper treatment of possible infections.Descriptors: pregnant women, cervical screening, microbiological agents.  

scholarly journals Effect of Gut Microbiotas Diversity During 32-39 Weeks of Gestation on Postpartum Depression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Qiangsheng Gan ◽  
Hongling Yang ◽  
Weitao Ye ◽  
Xueqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Patients with major depression are accompanied by intestinal flora flocculation; however, the relationship between the composition of gut microbiota in pregnancy and postpartum depression (PPD) has not been established. In this study we determined the effect of the gut microbiota in pregnant women during 32-39 weeks of gestation on PPD.Methods: Participants (n = 74) were enrolled between 2016–2017 from the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre (GWCMC). Stool samples were collected during 32-39 weeks of gestation, and the relative abundance of fecal microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing. The parturients completed the mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 42 days postpartum to detect PPD. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method was used to identify bacterial population differences between the PPD and control groups.Results: The top three bacteria phyla in the PPD and control groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Compared with healthy pregnant women, the alpha diversity index of the PPD group was lower. Beta diversity analysis was performed by PCoA showing that no significant differences in bacterial community structures between the two groups (R2 = 0.013, P = 0.549). The composition of gut microbiota during 32-39 weeks of gestation of the two groups was different. At the genera level, Acinetobacter, Plesiomonas, Enterococcus, Olsenella, Alloscardovia, and Anaerotruncus were increased in the PPD group, while Lactococcus, Adlercreutzia, Clostridium, Coprococcus, and unclassified-Clostridiales were decreased. At the species level, hypermegale, uli, casseliflavus, and hathewayi were increased in the PPD group, and celatum was increased in the control group.Conclusions: During 32-39 weeks of gestation, a reduction in diversity of gut microbiota and anti-inflammatory bacteria, and an increase in opportunistic pathogenic bacteria are more likely to cause PPD.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

Risk Factors and Outcome of Pretrem Labor in Pregnant Women Attending Zagazig Maternity University Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Hassan Hassan Nassar ◽  
Ali Ali ◽  
Sherin Shazly ◽  
Ahmed Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
University Hospital

Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies in Pregnant Women and the Relevance of Pharmacometric Tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dallmann ◽  
Paola Mian ◽  
Johannes Van den Anker ◽  
Karel Allegaert
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Pbpk Models ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Population Pk ◽  
The Impact

Background: In clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, pregnant women are significantly underrepresented because of ethical and legal reasons which lead to a paucity of information on potential PK changes in this population. As a consequence, pharmacometric tools became instrumental to explore and quantify the impact of PK changes during pregnancy. Methods: We explore and discuss the typical characteristics of population PK and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models with a specific focus on pregnancy and postpartum. Results: Population PK models enable the analysis of dense, sparse or unbalanced data to explore covariates in order to (partly) explain inter-individual variability (including pregnancy) and to individualize dosing. For population PK models, we subsequently used an illustrative approach with ketorolac data to highlight the relevance of enantiomer specific modeling for racemic drugs during pregnancy, while data on antibiotic prophylaxis (cefazolin) during surgery illustrate the specific characteristics of the fetal compartments in the presence of timeconcentration profiles. For PBPK models, an overview on the current status of reports and papers during pregnancy is followed by a PBPK cefuroxime model to illustrate the added benefit of PBPK in evaluating dosing regimens in pregnant women. Conclusions: Pharmacometric tools became very instrumental to improve perinatal pharmacology. However, to reach their full potential, multidisciplinary collaboration and structured efforts are needed to generate more information from already available datasets, to share data and models, and to stimulate cross talk between clinicians and pharmacometricians to generate specific observations (pathophysiology during pregnancy, breastfeeding) needed to further develop the field.

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