scholarly journals Maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations of Radiata pine in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
C.J.A Shelbourne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Made In

Abstract Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommen­ded, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selec­tion gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion mate­rial were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.

The Loggerhead Turtle, Caretta-Caretta, in Queensland - Population Breeding Structure

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gyuris ◽  
CJ Limpus
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Loggerhead Turtle ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Breeding Structure ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Population Breeding

Population models proposed as a result of independent tagging programs of nesting Caretta caretta in Queensland are in disagreement about the size of discrete breeding units. An electrophoretic survey was conducted to assess the relevance of genetic variation as revealed by electrophoresis to the investigation of Caretta caretta population breeding structure. Low level electrophoretic variability (H*L(obs) = 0.016) was found. The geographical distribution of alleles, when compared with tag-recapture data and other aspects of life history, indicated that discrete breeding populations of C. caretta in Queensland are larger than previously thought. C. caretta nesting on the mainland beaches and on the cays of the Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park form a panmictic population. The data indicate that those nesting on the Swain Reefs cays do not interbreed with the mainland-Capricornia breeding population.

Testing for linkage disequilibrium in the New Zealand radiata pine breeding population

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
C. Echt ◽  
P. L. Wilcox ◽  
T. E. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Breeding Population

scholarly journals Variations in the patterns of prevalence and therapy in Australasian Parkinson’s disease patients of different ethnicities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e000033
Author(s):  
Yassar Alamri ◽  
Toni Pitcher ◽  
Tim J Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Impact

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly after Alzheimer’s disease. It is expected that PD cumulative incidence will increase in the future, as there are far more people surviving into late age than there ever used to be. While most commonly idiopathic, rare forms of PD can be familial/genetic. In addition, socioeconomic, cultural and genetic factors may influence the way in which anti-parkinsonian medications are prescribed, and how patients respond to them. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of genetic variation on the epidemiology and therapeutics of PD, focusing on data from New Zealand and Australia.

scholarly journals Damage and intensities in the magnitude 7.8 1929 Murchison, New Zealand, earthquake

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Dowrick
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
The South ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
The Future ◽  
Seismically Induced Landslides ◽  
Intensity Map ◽  
Made In

This paper is the result of a study of the Ms= 7.8 Murchison earthquake which occurred in the South Island of New Zealand, on 16(UT) June 1929, a few years prior to the introduction of the first earthquake loadings code in New Zealand. It gives the first description of the damage to buildings in this event in modern earthquake engineering terms, and presents the first Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity map for the event determined from the original felt information. Some definitions of "well-built" pre-code buildings are proposed: these should help in dealing with safety and conservation issues raised when considering the future of such "earthquake risk" buildings. No evidence was found for MM10 intensities, although ground shaking of this strength probably occurred in the unpopulated mountainous countryside close to the fault rupture. Recommendations for improving the criteria for determining MM intensity are made in respect of (1) pre-code buildings and (2) seismically-induced landslides.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization and genetic variation on susceptibility of Pinus radiata seedlings to Hylobius abietis damage

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Zas ◽  
Luis Sampedro ◽  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Patricia Martíns
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Actual Height

The effects of establishment fertilization and pine genotype on pine weevil ( Hylobius abietis L.) damage was studied in a radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) naturally infected family × fertilization genetic trial in Galicia (northwestern Spain). Fertilization strongly increased both growth and H. abietis damage, especially when calcium phosphate was included in the fertilization treatment. Fertilized plants showed higher degree of debarking, greater leader loss, and higher mortality than unfertilized controls. Because of the greater leader loss, fertilization did not significantly increase the actual height (height of live stem) 1 year after planting. In contrast, after the second growing season, fertilized plants overcompensated for the weevil damage and reached greater height than the unfertilized controls. However, considering the effects on survival and the stem deformities resulting from the leader losses, fertilization should be avoided (or delayed) in P. radiata plantations on clear-cut coniferous areas if the risk of H. abietis is high. Our results also indicate a strong genetic variation in H. abietis susceptibility within the Galician P. radiata breeding population. The high family-mean and the moderate individual-tree heritability estimates suggest that improving resistance to this pest by conventional breeding techniques is possible. The use of planting stock with improved resistance should be considered as another prophylactic measure to supplement the traditional methods employed against this pest.

scholarly journals Deterministic Simulation of Gains for Seedling and Cloned Main and Elite Breeding Populations of Pinus radiata and Implications for Strategy

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. A. Shelbourne ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. D. Burdon ◽  
L. D. Gea ◽  
H. S. Dungey
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Deterministic Simulation ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Main Population

Abstract Genetic gains in breast-height diameter were estimated using deterministic simulation. Simulations of gain from one generation of selection were undertaken in large Main and small Elite breeding populations for a range of heritabilities, with varying numbers of parents, families, seedlings/family, clones/family and ramets/ clone to aid revision of the New Zealand Pinus radiata breeding strategy. Cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were simulated, derived from open pollination, polycrossing, and pair crossing. Balanced within-family selection was used for 200, 400 and 800-parent Main breeding populations and among- and within-family selection for 25-parent Elite populations of 25 up to 100 full-sib families. Predicted gains from within-family selection in the Main population were highest from cloned polycross families at all heritabilities and lowest for seedling fullsib families. Gains from cloned populations were higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities ≤0.5, and their advantage in gain was greatest at lower heritabilities. Elite populations of 25 parents showed similar trends but intensive among- and within-family selection resulted in much higher gains than from the Main, highest from the cloned options. The increase in gain with increased number of families diminished with more than 2-3 times as many families as parents. A new strategy was proposed for P. radiata, based on the simulation results, involving an expanded Main breeding population of open-pollinated (OP) seedling families, together with pair-cross family seedlots already available, supported by parentage reconstruction using DNA markers. Forwards selection in small cloned Elite populations was proposed as the main source of seed orchard clones.

Genetic gain with desired status number in breeding programs: a study on selection effects

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1861-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
R -P Wei ◽  
C R Hansen ◽  
N K Dhir ◽  
F C Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Restricted Selection

Genetic gain and average coancestry or status number was investigated for five selection methods: penalty index selection (PIS), family index selection (FIS), combined between-family and within-family selection (CBW), restricted individual selection (RIS), and combined index selection (RCS). PIS was a function of an individual's breeding value and family contributions, modelled as a stepwise procedure to select superior individuals one by one. A penalty would indicate the need to have low average coancestry or large status number. Breeding populations of unrelated families were investigated by Monte Carlo simulation to examine the genetic response of the five selection methods at a restricted selection intensity and average coancestry. PIS attained the greatest genetic gain, except at the selection limits of maximum genetic gain and minimum average coancestry where PIS might be identical to the other selection methods. FIS and RCS well approximated PIS at high average coancestry. RIS was similar to RCS when the heritability was high, particularly at low average coancestry. CBW attained the least genetic gain among the selection methods. For all selections, high heritability would contribute to a greater genetic gain and status number or low average coancestry. PIS was applied to a practical breeding program in Alberta that included several subpopulations. The results suggested that the selection efficiency for balancing genetic gain and average coancestry would increase when deploying a subpopulation strategy for breeding population management.

Penerapan Konsep Kota Pintar dengan Cara Penerapan ERP (Electronic Road Price) di Jalan Ibu Kota DKI Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arman Syah Putra
Keyword(s):  
Erp System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Price ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Made In

The problem raised in this research is the implementation of ERP (Electronic Road Price) which will be applied in several street corners of the capital of Jakarta, many pros and cons that will occur in its application, ranging from its licensing to its application in the field, socialization to users the road in the capital is very important to do because it will directly intersect with motorized motorists in the capital of Jakarta, in its application also must be considered using what tools are best placed in every corner of the capital to help smooth the system to be applied, in this research the author will provide suggestions and frameworks so that the implementation of the ERP system (Electronic Road Price) can be carried out right away, with the suggestions that have been made are expected to influence the policies that will be made in terms of ERP (Electronic Road Price) in the future.

PASIFIKA FUTURES WHĀNAU ORA: F’INE – Nurturing the Future for Pasifika LGBTQI

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneta Manoa ◽  
Phylesha Brown-Acton ◽  
Tatryanna Utanga ◽  
Seini Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Future ◽  
Specific Provider

F’INE Aotearoa, through Pasifika Futures Whānau Ora programme, is supporting Pacific Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex (LGBTQI) individuals and their families to transform their lives and achieve their aspirations.  The LGBTQI community in New Zealand experience significant disadvantage across a range of areas affecting wellbeing, including higher rates of poor mental health, depression and anxiety 1,2,3. For Pacific LGBTQI, the disadvantages are compounded further.  F’INE, an LGBTQI specific provider in New Zealand, is working to change this.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document