scholarly journals The impact of barriers inside a herringbone milking parlour on efficiency of the ventilation system

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Sabina Angrecka ◽  
Grzegorz Nawalany
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe research aimed at establishing the pattern of air movement inside a 2×10 herringbone milking parlour equipped with supply mechanical ventilation. Observations and analyses were made for the streams of air supplied to the parlour, their movement pattern and spread range. Also, temperature and relative air humidity after and before evening milking routine were measured. It has been concluded that barriers installed inside the milking parlour play a significant role in creating unfavourable microclimatic conditions during milking, particularly for the last group of cows. The study points out possible threats to animal welfare and operator’s working conditions. Based on the conducted experiments, the paper defines recommendations for proper design of ventilation systems inside herringbone milking parlours.

scholarly journals Forecasting Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle in Selected Barn Zones with the Help of Thi and Thiadj Indexes / Prognozowanie Stresu Cieplnego U Bydła Mlecznego W Wybranych Strefach Obory Za Pomocą Wskaźników Thi I Thiadj

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Sabina Angrecka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Occupied Zone

Abstract The paper presents the influence of temperature, relative air humidity, air movement velocity and solar radiation on forecasting the risk of heat stress in dairy cows in a free-stall barn during hot weather seasons. THI and adjusted THI indexes were calculated for the periods in which the air temperature exceeded 28°C in the barn, and when it reached 25°C. Based on the THI values obtained during the heat, which ranged from 63 to 83, the occurrence of heat stress in cattle was stated. Heat stress also caused a decrease in milk yield, from about 22 kg to about 18 kg in the technological group. The calculated THIadj values (83 to 90), taking into account the solar radiation and air movement velocity, indicated also the occurrence of health-threatening conditions for cattle. On the fourth day of heat the maximum daily value of THI in the first measurement point was 83 with THIadj of 90, while in the second point THI was 82 and THIadj was 87. This indicated the occurrence of significant differences in microclimatic conditions in the occupied zone of the same technological group. The influence of investigated microclimate factors on the formation of THIadj in the researched zone of the barn was stated. No proper method of its determination was also stated. The analysis of the impact of air movement velocity on THIadj value (P<0.05) and the solar radiation (P<0.05) demonstrated the importance of these parameters in forecasting heat stress in cows in the barn.

scholarly journals Relationship between preterm birth and air pollution in Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E L Brandao ◽  
B A L F Braga ◽  
M L C Martins ◽  
P L A A Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Abstract Santos is a seaboard Brazilian city recognized by its port activity where the road and rail infrastructure along with the large transportation operation, displays an important factor to contribute with all kinds of toxic and air pollutants. Recent studies have suggested associations between air pollution and various birth outcomes. Pollutant gases such as NOx, O3 and particulate matter PM2,5, PM10 have been cited as factors involved in such outcomes. The present study aims to assess the relationship between atmospheric pollutants and perinatal outcomes in the city of Santos from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015. Cross-sectional study that analyzed 10.319 singleton births in an area set with 2 km radius of the monitoring stations. Birth weight and information on mother and pregnancy were obtained at the Brazilian “Born Alive National Information System”. Daily records of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3), temperature and relative air humidity, for the study period, were obtained from São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB). Associations between preterm birth and air pollutants mean levels at each gestational trimester were investigated using multiple logistic regression model controlled by the variables: infant sex, type of delivery, maternal education. prenatal care, and number of previous live births, temperature and relative air humidity. NO2 e PM2,5 was not associated with preterm birth. O3 was significantly associated in the first trimester in the fourth quartile (OR = 1,47 CI 95% 1,05; 2,07). PM10 was significantly associated in the first trimester for the fourth quartile (OR = 1,28 CI 95% 1,00; 1,64), second trimester for the second quartile (OR = 1,37 CI 95% 1,07; 1,77). Conclusions the results shows evidence that maternal exposure to air pollution especially during the first trimester of pregnancy may contribute to preterm birth. Further actions are needed towards controlling air pollution are strongly recommended for promoting early-life health. Key messages This is the first research of this kind that was made in Santos. It brings important evidence of the impact in the life of the population, especially those whose is not even born yet. It can be used as a resource to guide public policies in health, especially the guidelines that dictate the concentration of air pollutants and air quality.

Experimental Measurement of the CO2 Content in a Passive Home during a Simulated Air-Conditioning Power Outage

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 1187-1190
Author(s):  
Zdenek Galda ◽  
Jiri Labudek ◽  
Veronika Sipkova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resting Period

High concentrations of CO2 are one of the causes of imperfect oxygenation of the blood circulation in humans. An experimental measurement of a passive home during a simulated power outage was carried out from July 7-15th 2014. In the measured rooms (one with plants with leaves the size of one of the bigger participants in this project, the second room without any plants at all), the levels of CO2 were observed, as well as the levels of relative air humidity of the interior, and the interior temperature. The measurement was carried out at night, when sleeping time was simulated, i.e. the resting period. The impact of plants did not significantly influence the CO2 reduction in the interior of the building. Regular airing is necessary for maintaining the hygienic limit of the concentration of CO2. It is thus necessary to ensure this with the windows open during an unexpected power outage.

scholarly journals Elevated air movement enhances stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid in leaves developed at high relative air humidity

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dália R. A. Carvalho ◽  
Sissel Torre ◽  
Dimitrios Kraniotis ◽  
Domingos P. F. Almeida ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Stomatal Sensitivity

scholarly journals Management of Listeria monocytogenes on Surfaces via Relative Air Humidity: Key Role of Cell Envelope

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Fiona Zoz ◽  
Stéphane Guyot ◽  
Cosette Grandvalet ◽  
Mélanie Ragon ◽  
Eric Lesniewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Protein Secondary Structure ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
City Water ◽  
The Impact

Although relative air humidity (RH) strongly influences microbial survival, its use for fighting surface pathogens in the food industry has been inadequately considered. We asked whether RH control could destroy Listeria monocytogenes EGDe by envelope damage. The impact of dehydration in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 75%, 68%, 43% and 11% RH on the bacterial envelope was investigated using flow cytometry and atomic force microscopy. Changes after rehydration in the protein secondary structure and peptidoglycan were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Complementary cultivability measurements were performed by running dehydration–rehydration with combinations of NaCl (3–0.01%), distilled water, city water and PBS. The main results show that cell membrane permeability and cell envelope were greatly altered during dehydration in PBS at 68% RH followed by rapid rehydration. This damage led cells to recover only 67% of their initial volume after rehydration. Moreover, the most efficient way to destroy cells was dehydration and rehydration in city water. Our study indicates that rehydration of dried, sullied foods on surfaces may improve current cleaning procedures in the food industry.

scholarly journals Influence of Wind on Air Movement in a Free-Stall Barn During the Summer Period / Wpływ wiatru na ruch powietrza w oborze wolnostanowiskowej w okresie letnim

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Sabina Angrecka ◽  
Grzegorz Nawalany
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Use of natural ventilation in the barn should lead to optimal microclimatic conditions over the entire space. In the summer, especially during hot weather, higher air velocity cools cows, which helps to avoid heat stress. The paper presents the results of studies on the evolution of air movement in a modernized free-stall barn of the Fermbet type with the natural ventilation system during the summer period. Based on measurements of velocity and direction of air flow (inside and outside the barn) and observations of smoke indicator, the movement of air masses in different parts of the barn was identified. Significant variations of air flow at different levels of the barn were found. These differences deviate from the accepted patterns of natural ventilation, which can be found in the literature. The range of a draught and stagnant air along with the conditions in which they are built was determined. On this basis, recommendations regarding the location of barns on the plots and the improvement of ventilation in summer were made.

scholarly journals NEAPŠILTINTOS KARVIDES OPTIMALUS TEMPERATŪRINIS‐DREGMES REŽIMAS

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronius Kavolėlis ◽  
Rolandas Bleizgys
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

The objective of the work is to substantiate the optimum values of temperature‐humidity regime in cowsheds which are required in designing and exploiting a ventilation system. An equation, which connects relative air humidity of a room with difference between inside and outside air temperature, was developed. Another equation, which shows the greatest allowed difference of temperatures under which water vapour does not condensate on the internal surface of an external partition, was composed as well. By analytical and experimental investigation, it is substantiated that possible minimum relative air humidity in a cowshed is by about 5 % lower than relative outside air humidity. Optimal difference between inside and outside air temperature in the cold period of the year is about 4 °C.

Environmental Assessment of the Impact of Meteorological Parameters on Man-Made Pollution by Carcinogenicly Dangerous Chemicals in the Voronezh Air Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
S.A. Kurolap ◽  
V.S. Petrosyan ◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
V.V. Kulnev ◽  
D.Yu. Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Based on the analysis of official statistics from the Voronezh Hydrometeorological Service, the patterns of the dynamics of pollutants (formaldehyde and soot) are investigated depending on the combination of various meteorological parameters — air temperature, wind speed, relative air humidity. A positive relationship has been established between the increase in atmospheric pollution with formaldehyde and air temperature. With increasing wind speed and relative humidity, the concentration of formaldehyde and soot in the atmosphere of the city, as a rule, decrease. The maximum permissible level of carcinogenic risk to public health has been established, causing concern. The obtained patterns can be used to predict the level of technogenic pollution of the city’s atmosphere, depending on meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Solar Radiation Depending on Type of Surface in the Urban Environment of the City Nitra

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Bahnová ◽  
Zdenka Rózová
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract The diversity of active surfaces in urban environment is an alarming element of microclimatic conditions at the time of positive energy balance. The accumulation of solar and reflected radiation are forming local climate - microclimate. Vegetation areas in the urban environment have the capability to eliminate extreme demostrations of local climate. The impact of transpiration causes an increase in the relative air humidity, reducing the effect of solar radiation. The result is the elimination of surface temperature in vegetation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potentiality of accumulation of solar radiation depending on the vegetation structure and the type of surface in research areas A1-B1-C1, A2-B2-C2 between intervals 6:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., 12:30 p.m.-9:30 p.m. The legwork ran in summer period June-August 2013 in residential area Chrenova 1 in the city Nitra.

An analytical study to evaluate the impact of distributed zone fans on the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-516
Author(s):  
Fa-Li Ju ◽  
Liying Liu ◽  
Xiaoping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Testing ◽  
Fan Speed ◽  
The Impact

Based on air flow rate testing of each branch fan in a distributed fan ventilation system under different branch air duct inlet static pressures, the conclusion can be drawn that there is a branch fan air flow rate deviation phenomenon. The air flow rate of the branch fan increases with the branch air duct inlet static pressure at the same branch fan speed, and the branch fan hinders the air flow rate in some cases. In this study, a theoretical expression of the deviation of the branch air duct design air flow rate was established, and the influencing factors of the deviation were determined to include the branch air duct resistance characteristics, branch fan performance, and branch air duct inlet pressure ratio. A graphic analytical method for determining the deviation of the branch fan design air flow rate was also proposed. Both methods can provide a theoretical basis for calculating and analysing the deviation of the branch fan design air flow rate in a distributed fan ventilation system. Practical application: This paper provides new data on the performance of a distributed fan ventilation system. Our results could be used to evaluate the impact of distributed zone fans on the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system. Crucially, we not only propose two types of methods that can be applied to predict deviations of the air flow rate in a distributed fan ventilation system caused by the branch air duct inlet static pressures but also obtain the factors that are important for understanding the true impact of the deviation of the branch fan air flow rate. This study lays an important foundation for the design and operation of building mechanical ventilation systems.

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