scholarly journals Radiosensitivitas dan Keragaman Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Sadewi Maharani ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Phenotype Variability ◽  
Lethal Doses

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>High genetic variability is one of important determinants in successful breeding of clonally propagated crops such as cassava. Induced mutation, including mutagenesis using gamma irradiation, is one strategy to increase genetic variability. The objective of this research was to obtain information of lethal doses (LD20-LD50) from five cassava genotypes (Jame-jame, Ratim, UJ-5, Malang-4, and Adira-4), to analyze the variability, and to obtain potentially high yielding cassava mutant candidates. Cuttings of several cassava genotypes were irradiated by 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 Gy gamma rays. The results showed that genotype Malang-4 had the lowest LD20 (7.53 Gy) and LD50 (18.47 Gy), while genotype Jame-jame had the highest LD20 (24.94 Gy) and LD50 (33.24 Gy). The highest phenotype variability was obtained in the cassava population irradiated by 15-30 Gy gamma rays. The highest phenotype variability was also determined by the source of tissue, i.e., cuttings from the middle stem resulted in the highest phenotype variability. This research found 32 high yielding potential candidate mutants.</p><p>Keywords: gamma rays, LD20, LD50,mutant, mutation</p>

scholarly journals Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz.) Improvement through Gamma Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
SinthoWahyuning Ardie ◽  
Mita Dianasari ◽  
Muhamad Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Effect of gamma irradiation on toxicity and immunogenicity of Androctonus australis hector venom

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Abib ◽  
Fatima Laraba-Djebari
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Lethal Doses

An investigation was made of the radiosensitivity of the toxic and immunological properties of Androctonus australis hector venom. This venom was irradiated with two doses of gamma rays (1 and 2 kGy) from a 60Co source. The results showed that venom toxicity was abolished for the two radiation doses (1 and 2 kGy) with, respectively, 10 and 25 times its initial LD50 value. However, irradiated venoms were immunogenic, and the antibodies elicited by them were able to recognize the native venom by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antisera raised against these toxoids (1 and 2 kGy) had a higher neutralizing capacity and immunoreactivity against all components of native venom than did the antiserum produced against the native venom. The antiserum of rabbits immunized with 2-kGy-irradiated venom was more efficient than 1-kGy-irradiated toxoid antiserum. Indeed, in vivo protection assays showed that the mice immunized with 2-kGy-irradiated venom resisted lethal doses (i.p.) of A. australis hector venom.Key words: venom, Androctonus australis hector, gamma irradiation, immunogenicity, in vivo protection.

Genetic variability of root peel thickness and its influence in extractable starch from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots

2011 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Pérez ◽  
Jorge I. Lenis ◽  
Fernando Calle ◽  
Nelson Morante ◽  
Teresa Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

scholarly journals Enhancement of Genetic Variability for Yield and Component Traits through Recombination followed by Induced Mutagenesis in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Prasanta Kumar Majhi ◽  
Suma C. Mogali ◽  
L. S. Abhisheka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Augmented Design

Aim: Greengram is a self-pollinated crop which show very less variability to develop improved varieties through only hybridization or induced mutation breeding. Therefore, we have taken a new pace to create more variability by combining both recombinations with induced mutation through gamma rays irradiation. For this purpose, the F2 seeds were irradiated with gamma rays at BARC, Mumbai and sown to grow the F2M1 generation and subsequently the superior mutant lines with high degree variability with high GCV and genetic advances were selected from F2M2 generation of the mutant population. Methodology: The present investigation was carried out during kharif-2017 and rabi-summer 2017-18 at the experimental plot, All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRP) on MULLaRP, main Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The experiment was laid out in an augmented design. Results: The mutant progenies obtained from the crosses DGGV-2 × IPM-410-3 and DGGV-2 × SML-1815 in F2M2 generation have shown high PCV and GCV for the characters like plant height, number of clusters per plant and number of seeds per pod etc. when irradiated with 100 kR gamma rays. The mutant breeding lines derived from the crosses DGGV-7 × V-02-709 and DGGV-7 × V-02-802 with irradiation dose of 20 kR, have shown higher number of pods per cluster and higher number of pods per plant with high heritability. More variability was observed with higher dose (100 kR) of mutation even though it showed higher mortality rate. Conclusion: Irradiation of F2 progeny (DGGV-2 × SML-1815) with 100 kR has generated more genetic variability for seed yield per plant (10.8 g), when compared to the check DGGV-2 (4.7 g) and SML-1815 (9.8 g). So, priority should be given to those characters which are having high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean to get better selection gains. The breeding lines which showed higher degree of variability can be utilized in the future breeding programme for development of high yielding genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity characterization of cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz).: I) RAPD markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Colombo ◽  
Gérard Second ◽  
Tereza Losada Valle ◽  
André Charrier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Flour Production

RAPD markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 31 Brazilian cassava clones. The results were compared with the genetic diversity revealed by botanical descriptors. Both sets of variates revealed identical relationships among the cultivars. Multivariate analysis of genetic similarities placed genotypes destinated for consumption "in nature" in one group, and cultivars useful for flour production in another. Brazil’s abundance of landraces presents a broad dispersion and is consequently an important resource of genetic variability. The botanical descriptors were not able to differentiate thirteen pairs of cultivars compared two-by-two, while only one was not differentiated by RAPD markers. These results showed the power of RAPD markers over botanical descriptors in studying genetic diversity, identifying duplicates, as well as validating, or improving a core collection. The latter is particularly important in this vegetatively propagated crop.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DA DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA ENTRE ACESSOS DE Manihot esculenta (Crantz) VIA CARACTERES MORFOAGRONÔMICOS

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Huan Hernadez Ramos ◽  
Danilo De Lima Gonçalves ◽  
Marilene Da Silva Castro ◽  
Marco Antonio Aparecido Barelli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Group I

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade genética entre acessos tradicionais de mandioca da coleção da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, através de caracteres morfoagronômicos. A coleção está localizada na Empresa Matogrossense de Pesquisa, Assistência e Extensão Rural (EMPAER) de Cáceres. Foram utilizados 21 acessos para a avaliação dos caracteres morfoagronômicos: comprimento do lóbulo foliar; largura do lóbulo foliar; comprimento do pecíolo; altura de plantas; altura da primeira ramificação; comprimento das raízes; diâmetro da raiz; peso da raiz; contagem do número de polpas sadias por planta; número de raízes; peso em água; matéria seca e teor de amido. A análise de dissimilaridade foi baseada na Distância Euclidiana e o agrupamento pelo método Hierárquico UPGMA. Os resultados obtidos com o uso de características morfoagronômicas e da Distância Euclidiana dos 21 acessos de mandioca da coleção da UNEMAT evidenciaram a existência de variabilidade genética, onde a maior similaridade ocorreu entre os acessos Rondônia e N.I. 10 - 0501, e a maior divergência entre os acessos Sinop e Liberatão 0507.O Grupo I alocou o maior número de acessos pelo UPGMA e a característica altura média da primeira ramificação foi determinante na formação do Grupo IV. Os acessos analisados apresentaram divergência genética, onde os descritores analisados foram suficientes para a diferenciação dos acessos, onde os NI 02-2816, Poupa Branca e Sinop foram os mais promissores como parentais para cruzamentos entre os demais acessos.Palavras-chave: produção de mandioca, coleção de germoplasma, variabilidade genética. ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG Manihot esculenta (crantz) ACCESS VIA MORPHOAGRONOMIC TRAITS ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among accessions of traditional cassava collection at the University of Mato Grosso - UNEMAT through morphoagronomic traits. The collection is located in Mato Grosso Company Research, Assistance and Rural Extension (EMPA) of Cáceres. We used 21 accessions for the evaluation of morphoagronomic traits: length of the leaf lobe; lobe leaf width; length petiole; plant height; height of first branching; length of roots; diameter of the root; root weight; counting the number of healthy pulps per plant; number of roots; weight in water; dry matter and starch content. The dissimilarity analysis was based on Euclidean distance and hierarchical clustering method UPGMA. The results obtained with the use of morphoagronomic traits and the Euclidean distance of 21 cassava accessions from the collection of UNEMAT showed the existence of genetic variability, where the greatest similarity was between the Rondônia and N.I. 10 - 0501, and the greatest divergence among the accessions Sinop and Liberatão 0507. The Group I allocated the highest number of accesses by UPGMA and the characteristic height of the first branch was instrumental in the formation of Group IV. The analyzed accessions presented genetic divergence, where the descriptors analyzed were sufficient for the differentiation of the accesses where NI 02-2816, Poupa Branca and Sinop were the most promising as parental for crossings between the other accessions.Keywords: cassava production, germplasm collection, genetic variability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document