scholarly journals O zastosowaniu teoretycznych badań konfrontatywnych z językiem pośrednikiem w badaniach polonistycznych

2021 ◽  
pp. 683-694
Author(s):  
Danuta Roszko ◽  
◽  
Roman Roszko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Linguistic Material

The application of theoretical contrastive analysis using an interlanguage in Polish studies Summary The article presents the methodology of theoretical contrastive analysis using an interlanguage. A parallel contrastive description is facilitated by a semantic interlanguage, which is created prior to work on the linguistic material. The article, based on the example of selected semantic meanings (units) in the category of definiteness / indefiniteness, proves the added value in Polish, which arises simultaneously from the application of theoretical contrastive analysis using an interlanguage and the exploration of the resources of the Polish-Lithuanian Parallel Corpus. The authors perform a projection of clear characteristics of Lithuanian onto Polish, thereby enriching and more precisely defining the description of exponents of the definiteness/indefiniteness semantic category in the Polish language.

The ACTRES parallel corpus: an English–Spanish translation corpus

Corpora ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlén Izquierdo ◽  
Knut Hofland ◽  
Øystein Reigem
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The University

This paper describes the compilation of the ACTRES Parallel Corpus, an English–Spanish translation corpus built at the Department of Modern Languages at the University of León (Spain) by the ACTRES research group. The computerisation of the corpus was carried out in collaboration with Knut Hofland and Øystein Reigem, from the Department of Culture, Language and Information Technology, Aksis, at the UNIFOB/University of Bergen (Norway). The corpus is conceived as a powerful tool for cross-linguistic research in the fields of Contrastive Analysis and Descriptive Translation Studies. It was the need to bridge the gap between these disciplines and to extend applications that encouraged the building of a parallel corpus as a suitable tool to achieve these goals. This paper focusses on the practical aspects of building the corpus. A brief account of the research which prompted this endeavour precedes the description of this process. 4 4 This paper is an account of the building of the ACTRES Parallel Corpus, so no empirical results from research done on the basis of the corpus are reported here. Concerning new insights drawn from the actual use of P-ACTRES in English–Spanish translation and contrastive projects, there is an extended bibliography at: http://actres.unileon.es/

scholarly journals Ze współczesnej perspektywy o przysłowiach w niemiecko-polskim słowniku K. C. Mrongowiusza z połowy XIX wieku

2007 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Bogusław Nowowiejski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Linguistic Material

In the first part of the article the author justifies a large number of approximately 800 proverbs, in the strict sense of the word, which appear in the third edition of Dokładny niemiecko-polski słownik (Detailed Polish-German dictionary) by Christoph Coelestin Mrongovius from 1854, with didactic pragmatism and other requirements of the nineteenth century lexicographical workshop typical for the then translator dictionaries , including a tendency to serve an edifying purpose. The second part of the article, which is more extensive, includes conclusions coming from the analysis of the linguistic material. They imply that even though a great deal of the analyzed proverbs seem well known as they are a living element of the Polish language from the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a contemporary user of Polish finds many of them not only completely strange and foreign but also archaic. Such a perception is influenced, among the others, by the fact that some proverbs have been completely forgotten for different reasons. Other seem hardly legible in result of their lexical composition, which includes ancient and already forgotten words or their meanings, i.e. dictionary and semantic archaisms; sometimes, past morphological and grammatical forms make a proverb seem strange for contemporary Polish people.

Functionally-defined recurrent multi-word units in English-to-Polish translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Grabowski ◽  
Nicholas Groom
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Language Pair

Abstract This study uses both parallel and comparable reference corpora in the English-Polish language pair to explore how translators deal with recurrent multi-word items performing specific discoursal functions. We also consider whether the observed tendencies overlap with those found in native texts, and the extent to which the discoursal functions realised by the multi-word items under scrutiny are “preserved” in translation. Capitalizing on findings from earlier research (Granger, 2014; Grabar & Lefer, 2015), we analyzed a pre-selected set of phrases signaling stance-taking and those functioning as textual, discourse-structuring devices originally found in the European Parliament proceedings corpus (Koehn, 2005) and included in the English-Polish parallel corpus Paralela (Pęzik, 2016). Since our goal was to explore whether and to what extent English functionally-defined phrases reflect the same level of formulaicity and regularity in both Polish translations and native Polish texts, the findings provided insights into the translation tendencies of such items, and revealed – using inter-rater agreement metrics – that the discoursal functions of recurrent n-grams may change in translation.

Семантико-синтаксичні особливості українських й англійських паремій: зіставний аспект

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Svitlana Szulha
Keyword(s):  
Structural Models ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
The Common

The article in question deals with the linguistic contrastive analysis of the semanticosyntactic structure of Ukrainian and English proverbs. The attention has been focused on the sentence structure including stylistic, functional and semantic overtones. Paroemias are considered as a complicated semantic category which may refl ect the specifi city of perception of the objective reality by the representatives of diff erent ethnos in general and each fragment in particular. In a wide sense a paroemia is an archetype unit that represents ancient culture, traditions and mentality of each nation. The common and diff erent features have been identifi ed according to structure, lexical background and meaning. The most widespread similarities and diff erences have been determined in both languages with the help of structural models.

scholarly journals Analysis of grammatical means for the expression of reason in German, Italian and Russian scientific text of the XXI century

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
Igor' Sergeevich Kalyatin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The Subject

The goal of this work lies in definition and scientific description of combination of the basic grammatical means for expression of category of reason in a scientific text (on the material of German, Italian and Russian languages). The subject of this research is a comparative analysis of the structural and semantic peculiarities of grammatical means for the expression of reason in a scientific text of the XXI century (on the material of German, Italian and Russian languages). The relevance is substantiated by insufficient study within comparative linguistics of the ways to represent the category of reason on grammatical level by comparing several languages (in this case, German, Italian and Russian). The scientific novelty of consists in conducting comparative analysis of grammatical language means for the expression of semantic category of reason in German, Italian and Russian scientific text of the XXI century. Within the framework of contrastive analysis, the author revealed the peculiarities of structuring the functional-semantic field of reason on the example of the texts under consideration. The acquired results allow concluding that in such type of texts the functional semantic field of causality is represented by grammatical means that express reason in a general form or with additional connotation. The presented materials can be applied in the course of lectures on comparative typology of the German, Italian and Russian languages.

scholarly journals Porównania prototypowe barw w języku polskim

2009 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Magdalena Czachorowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Reference ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Linguistic Material

The article describes such comparative structures in the Polish language within which a colour is defined through direct reference to physical features of an object, which becomes a model for this colour. Similar to black and white, which were presented in the previous study, the linguistic material has been based on lexicographical sources that register both the earliest dictionary resources of the Polish language and those showing contemporary lexis. Apart from black and white, the Polish language defines other 10 colours through reference to physical features of an object. They include both primaries’ names, e.g. red, blue, or yellow, and their shades, e.g. pale blue, pink, or ginger.

scholarly journals Das deutsche Kopulaverb sein und seine thailändischen Entsprechungen

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Korakoch Attaviriyanupap
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Parallel Corpus

Although German and Thai are typologically different from each other, both languages do have copulative constructions. The verb sein is the most important copular verb in German. Thai does have literary equivalents for this German verb but they involve different verbs. However, only pen and khɯ: are usually considered as Thai copular verbs. This study aims to compare the German verb sein in copulative constructions with pen and khɯ:. The contrastive analysis is based on a bidirectional parallel corpus consisting of 12 Thai and 13 German contemporary short stories and their translation into the other language. Three questions are to be answered: 1) Which forms are found in Thai as equivalents to the German copular verb sein? 2) Which linguistic elements in German occur as equivalents of the Thai copulative constructions with pen and khɯ:? 3) How can the use of copular verbs in German and in Thai be described? The results of this study show that the equivalents of the German copulative constructions with sein are not only pen and khɯ: but also many other constructions. At the same time, the Thai copular verbs are often used differently and may be expressed in various German constructions and, especially in form of punctuations.

scholarly journals The Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus

2015 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Maksim Duškin ◽  
Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Western Group ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Linguistic Material

The Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpusThe Semantics Laboratory Team of Institute of Slavic Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences is planning to begin work on the creation of a Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus. The three selected languages are representatives of the main groups of Slavic languages: Bulgarian represents the southern group of Slavic languages, Polish – the western group of Slavic languages, Russian – the eastern group of Slavic languages. Our project will be the first parallel corpus of these three languages. The planned corpus will be based on material, dating from one period (the 20th century) and will have a synchronous nature. The project will not constitute the sum of the separate corpora of selected languages.One of the problems with creating multilingual parallel corpora are different proportions of translated texts between the selected languages, for example, Polish literature is often translated into Bulgarian, but not vice versa.Bulgarian, Russian and Polish differ typologically – Bulgarian is an analytic language, Polish and Russian are synthetic. The parallel corpus should have compatible annotation, while taking into account the characteristic features of the selected languages.We hope that the Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus will serve as a source of linguistic material of contrastive language studies and may prove to be a big help for linguists, translators, terminologists and students of linguistics. The results of our work will be available on the Internet.

What Sort of Theme is there?

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mauranen
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Interesting Issue ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Existential Sentences ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
Adaptive Role ◽  
Original Information

Non-referential there has been widely discussed as part of existential sentences, and as an organiser of information in the sentence. Much less attention has been paid to its roles in discourse. As an item without a direct equivalent in many languages, it offers an interesting issue for contrastive analysis: how are its various roles handled in translation? This paper explores uses of thematic there on the basis of a parallel corpus with two-way translations between English and Finnish, focusing on two questions: how translators deal with the information structure of there constructions, and what discourse functions thematic non-referential there is used for. Overall, translators tended to maintain the original information structure, particularly its main focus, without translating word by word, and showing sensitivity to the text level. Pre-topical orienting themes played an adaptive role in focus maintenance. In discourse, there constructions play an important role in organising information: they prospect and introduce new items, new points, topics, and conclusions. In contrast, Finnish appears to use more orienting themes, new topical themes and verb-initial clauses signalling a change of tack in discourse. The findings throw into sharp relief sentences without topic or theme, and question the universality of both phenomena.

scholarly journals Differences in the formalization of the semantic category of definiteness / indefiniteness

2015 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Danuta Roszko ◽  
Roman Roszko
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Language Influence ◽  
Tertium Comparationis ◽  
System Of Exponents

Differences in the formalization of the semantic category of definiteness / indefinitenessBasing on theoretical contrastive studies guidelines, the article defines the semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness where two basic opposition meanings are being ascribed to. It also distinguishes crucial sub-meanings for this category. The category established like this constitutes a characteristic interlanguage typical of theoretical contrastive studies, which is here used as tertium comparationis for demonstrating the formal differences between Polish, Lithuanian and dialectal exponents to express particular sub/meanings. The differences demonstrated in the article are to confirm a different degree of the formalization of the category in each of the natural codes compared here. The idea of taking the local dialect of Puńsk into consideration results from a clearly visible influence of Polish and Lithuanian on the traditional dialectal system. In consequence, the dialectal system of exponents to express the meanings within the semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness keeps a high degree of the traditional exponents specialization on one hand, but on the other hand, a low degree of specialization is being ascribed to some forms borrowed from Lithuanian (as a consequence of the Polish language influence), which results from the bilingualism of the Lithuanians living in Poland.

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