scholarly journals La experiencia boliviana y la organización comunitaria cooperativa en el marco de la economía plural

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Loza
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
The One ◽  
Cooperative Organization ◽  
Made In

<p>El autor sostiene que, a diferencia de lo que postula el Modelo de Economía Plural, el proceso de avance en la realidad boliviana es desigual, dado que, por una parte, se ha centrado en la nacionalización y en las empresas públicas, y, por otra, se asienta en la forma de organización cooperativa en el sector minero y en el sector informal de la economía, relegando la economía solidaria, en un contexto con alta desprotección social, informal y capitalista. No se observan avances en un socialismo comunitario, puesto que el peso y la importancia de la comunidad campesina se ha mantenido relativamente igual con relación a los gobiernos anteriores, salvo la economía campesina de la coca, basada en pequeños propietarios y escasa tradición comunitaria.</p><p>Palabras clave: Economía Social Solidaria, Economía Plural, Nacionalismo, Empresas Públicas</p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>The Bolivian experience and the community and cooperative organization within the framework of the plural economy</em></p><p><em>The author argues that, unlike what postulated Model Plural Economy, the process advance in the Bolivian reality is uneven, since on the one hand, has focused on nationalization and public enterprises, and, on another, sits in the form of cooperative organization in the mining sector and the informal sector of the economy, relegating the solidarity economy, in a context with high social, informal and capitalist vulnerability. No progress has been made in a community socialism, since the weight and importance of the peasant community has remained relatively unchanged compared to previous governments, except the peasant coca economy based on small landowners and little community tradition.<br /></em></p><p><em>Keywords: Social Solidarity Economy, Plural Economy, Nationalization and Public Companies</em></p>

scholarly journals Sraffa and his Theoretical Revolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 367-421
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract.-This article attempts to demonstrate that the work of Piero Sraffa –especially Production of commodities by means of commodities-is the greatest revolution in economic analysis. The novelties introduced by the Italian economist, against all classical and marginalist traditions, such as considering the surplus of reproducible goods as the object of the economy, the intersectoral relations between goods and services on the one hand and processes on the other, the prices formed as a margin on costs, reduction of capital to dated work, the selection of techniques and the considerations about of the joint production support the above statements. To this we can add other more questionable or more or less significant as the standard system, its theory of fixed capital, the considerations on land and mines, the differentiation between basic and non-basic goods. Some of these analyzes have precedents or are contemporaries (physiocracy, Ricardo, Leontief), but the whole of them supposes this revolution made in the economic analysis and supposes for this the ideal model to be candidate to base any economic analysis worthy of such name. Keywords: Sraffa, economic analysis, theoritical revolution Resumen.-En este artículo se intenta demostrar que la obra de Piero Sraffa –en especial Producción de mercancías por medio de mercancías- supone la mayor revolución del análisis económico. Las novedades introducidas por el economista italiano contra toda tradición clásica y marginalista tales como considerar el excedente de los bienes reproducibles como objeto de la economía, las relaciones intersectoriales entre bienes y servicios por un lado y procesos por otro, los precios formados como un margen sobre los costes, la reducción del capital a trabajo fechado, la elección de las técnicas y las consideraciones sobre la producción conjunta avalan las afirmaciones anteriores. A ello le añadimos otras más discutibles o más o menos significativas como el sistema patrón, su teoría del capital fijo, las consideraciones sobre la tierra y las minas, la diferenciación entre bienes básicos y no básicos. Algunos de estos análisis tienen precedentes o son coetáneos (fisiocracia, Ricardo, Leontief), pero el conjunto de ellos supone esa revolución que hace del análisis económico de Sraffa como el modelo idóneo para ser candidato a fundamentar cualquier análisis económico digno de tal nombre. Palabras clave: Sraffa, análisis económico, revolución teórica

Simulation of the internal temperature in the Passol Laboratory, University of Debrecen

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Csáky ◽  
F. Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Heavy Structure ◽  
East West ◽  
Made In

Abstract Nowadays the facades of newly built buildings have significant glazed surfaces. The solar gains in these buildings can produce discomfort caused by direct solar radiation on the one hand and by the higher indoor air temperature on the other hand. The amplitude of the indoor air temperature variation depends on the glazed area, orientation of the facade and heat storage capacity of the building. This paper presents the results of a simulation, which were made in the Passol Laboratory of University of Debrecen in order to define the internal temperature variation. The simulation proved that the highest amplitudes of the internal temperature are obtained for East orientation of the facade. The upper acceptable limit of the internal air temperature is exceeded for each analyzed orientation: North, South, East, West. Comparing different building structures, according to the obtained results, in case of the heavy structure more cooling hours are obtained, but the energy consumption for cooling is lower.

scholarly journals Social Solidarity Economy and Village-centric Development in North-West Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660262110154
Author(s):  
Charles Fonchingong Che ◽  
Marcellus Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
North West ◽  
Secondary Sources

Amidst shrinking budgets for community development in most of sub-Saharan Africa, the social solidarity economy is touted as a model in local development. This article situates solidarity initiatives and capability-focused outcomes that deliver enhanced livelihoods, social security and community development. The conceptual framing of social theory, social capital and social economy informs this case study with focus on the Ndong Awing Cultural and Development Association, North-West region, Cameroon. The analysis of semi-structured interviews and secondary sources suggests that solidarity networks such as njangis, cooperatives, quarter development unions and diaspora networks promote village-centric development. These overlapping networks generate scarce financial and human resources–essential packages for livelihoods and welfare. Emerging state policy is yet to calibrate these mechanisms of ground-up, mutual development drives. Galvanising these solidarity assets require meaningful co-productionand revamped state−community relations. This article offers a paradigm shift in how village groups mobilise income, capital and financing of village projects, nurtured through human development and agency.

scholarly journals Theoretical Modelling of Ion Exchange Processes in Glass: Advances and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5070
Author(s):  
Xesús Prieto-Blanco ◽  
Carlos Montero-Orille
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Copper Films ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

In the last few years, some advances have been made in the theoretical modelling of ion exchange processes in glass. On the one hand, the equations that describe the evolution of the cation concentration were rewritten in a more rigorous manner. This was made into two theoretical frameworks. In the first one, the self-diffusion coefficients were assumed to be constant, whereas, in the second one, a more realistic cation behaviour was considered by taking into account the so-called mixed ion effect. Along with these equations, the boundary conditions for the usual ion exchange processes from molten salts, silver and copper films and metallic cathodes were accordingly established. On the other hand, the modelling of some ion exchange processes that have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, including glass poling, electro-diffusion of multivalent metals and the formation/dissolution of silver nanoparticles, has been addressed. In such processes, the usual approximations that are made in ion exchange modelling are not always valid. An overview of the progress made and the remaining challenges in the modelling of these unique processes is provided at the end of this review.

scholarly journals Modeling and evaluating beat gestures for social robots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Zabala ◽  
Igor Rodriguez ◽  
José María Martínez-Otzeta ◽  
Elena Lazkano
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Desirable Feature ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

AbstractNatural gestures are a desirable feature for a humanoid robot, as they are presumed to elicit a more comfortable interaction in people. With this aim in mind, we present in this paper a system to develop a natural talking gesture generation behavior. A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) produces novel beat gestures from the data captured from recordings of human talking. The data is obtained without the need for any kind of wearable, as a motion capture system properly estimates the position of the limbs/joints involved in human expressive talking behavior. After testing in a Pepper robot, it is shown that the system is able to generate natural gestures during large talking periods without becoming repetitive. This approach is computationally more demanding than previous work, therefore a comparison is made in order to evaluate the improvements. This comparison is made by calculating some common measures about the end effectors’ trajectories (jerk and path lengths) and complemented by the Fréchet Gesture Distance (FGD) that aims to measure the fidelity of the generated gestures with respect to the provided ones. Results show that the described system is able to learn natural gestures just by observation and improves the one developed with a simpler motion capture system. The quantitative results are sustained by questionnaire based human evaluation.

scholarly journals When to Substitute a Missing Upper Lateral With a Canine: A Simplified Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422098054
Author(s):  
Renu Datta
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Individual Presentation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Missing Tooth ◽  
Made In

Introduction: The upper lateral incisor is the most commonly missing tooth in the anterior segment. It leads to esthetic and functional imbalance for the patients. The ideal solution is the one that is most conservative and which fulfills the functional and esthetic needs of the concerned individual. Canine substitution is evolving to be the treatment of choice in most of the cases, because of its various advantages. These are special cases that need more time and effort from the clinicians due to space discrepancy in the upper and lower arches, along with the presentation of individual malocclusion. Aims and Objectives: Malocclusion occurring due to missing laterals is more complex, needing more time and effort from the clinicians because of space discrepancy, esthetic compromise, and individual presentation of the malocclusion. An attempt has been made in this article to review, evaluate, and tabulate the important factors for the convenience of clinicians. Method: All articles related to canine substitution were searched in the electronic database PubMed, and the important factors influencing the decision were reviewed. After careful evaluation, the checklist was evolved. Result: The malocclusions in which canine substitution is the treatment of choice are indicated in the tabular form for the convenience of clinicians. Specific treatment-planning considerations and biomechanics that can lead to an efficient and long-lasting result are also discussed. Conclusion: The need of the hour is an evidence-based approach, along with a well-designed prospective randomized control trial to understand the importance of each factor influencing these cases. Until that time, giving the available information in a simplified way can be a quality approach to these cases.

Recent progress in the freeze-etching technique

1971 ◽  
Vol 261 (837) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Structural Distortions ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

The freeze-etching technique must be improved if structures at the molecular size level are to be seen. The limitations of the technique are discussed here together with the progress made in alleviating them. The vitrification of living specimens is limited by the fact that very high freezing rates are needed. The critical freezing rate can be lowered on the one hand by the introduction of antifreeze agents, on the other hand by the application of high hydrostatic pressure. The fracture process may cause structural distortions in the fracture face of the frozen specimen. The ‘double-replica’ method allows one to evaluate such artefacts and provides an insight into the way that membranes split. During etching there exists the danger of contaminating the fracture faces with condensable gases. Because of specimen temperatures below —110 °C, special care has to be taken in eliminating water vapour from the high vacuum. An improvement in coating freeze-etched specimens has resulted from the application of electron guns for evaporation of the highest melting-point metals. If heat transfer from gun to specimen is reduced to a minimum, Pt, Ir, Ta, W and C can be used for shadow casting. Best results are obtained with Pt-C and Ta-W . With the help of decoration effects Pt-C shadow castings give the most information about the fine structural details of the specimen.

scholarly journals Post-liquefaction reconsolidation of sand

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2186) ◽  
pp. 20150745 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Adamidis ◽  
G. S. P. Madabhushi
Keyword(s):  
Void Ratio ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Geotechnical Centrifuge ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Pore Water Pressures ◽  
The One ◽  
Crucial Parameter ◽  
Excess Pore ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

Loosely packed sand that is saturated with water can liquefy during an earthquake, potentially causing significant damage. Once the shaking is over, the excess pore water pressures that developed during the earthquake gradually dissipate, while the surface of the soil settles, in a process called post-liquefaction reconsolidation. When examining reconsolidation, the soil is typically divided in liquefied and solidified parts, which are modelled separately. The aim of this paper is to show that this fragmentation is not necessary. By assuming that the hydraulic conductivity and the one-dimensional stiffness of liquefied sand have real, positive values, the equation of consolidation can be numerically solved throughout a reconsolidating layer. Predictions made in this manner show good agreement with geotechnical centrifuge experiments. It is shown that the variation of one-dimensional stiffness with effective stress and void ratio is the most crucial parameter in accurately capturing reconsolidation.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
LAURENCE FINBERG
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
The State ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Dr. Jaffe is, of course, correct that it is often possible to culture H. pertussis from patients with whooping cough. Our statement in the paper referred to the facts as they are for our series, even though we regret the state of affairs. We therefore very carefully listed the criteria by which the diagnosis was made in the absence of finding the specific etiologic agent. The method referred to by Dr. Jaffe for culturing the organisms was not the one that was employed by the Bacteriology Laboratory of the hospital.

Dziedzictwo dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w języku pierwszego polskiego przekładu poematu „Metai” Kristijonasa Donelaitisa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-400
Author(s):  
Jolanta Mędelska
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Influence Of Substrate ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

The author analysed the language of the first Polish translation of the eighteenth-century poem “Metai” [The Seasons] by Kristijonas Donelaitis, a Lithuanian Lutheran pastor. The translation was made in 1933 by a socialist activist and close associate of Józef Piłsudski, Kazimierz Pietkiewicz. The analysis showed that the language of the translation is peculiar. On the one hand, this peculiarity consists in refraining from archaizing the translation and the use of elements that are close to the translator’s style of social-political journalism (e.g., dorobkiewicz [vulgarian], feministka [feminist]), on the other hand, the presence at all levels of language of peculiarities characteristic for Kresy Polish language in both its territorial variations. These are generally old features of common Polish, the retention of which in the eastern areas of the Polish Rzeczpospolita was supported by the influence of substrate languages, later also Russian, or by borrowing. This layer was natural in the language of the translator, born in Ukraine, who spent part of his life in Vilnius, some in exile in Russia. This is the colourful linguistic heritage of the former Republic of Poland.

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