Associations between the distance traveled from sale barns to commercial feedlots in the United States and overall performance, risk of respiratory disease, and cumulative mortality in feeder cattle during 1997 to 20091

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1929-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cernicchiaro ◽  
B. J. White ◽  
D. G. Renter ◽  
A. H. Babcock ◽  
L. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
Overall Performance

scholarly journals Multi-locus sequence typing of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus strains isolated from cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Ann P. Britton ◽  
Shlomo E. Blum ◽  
Carolyn Legge ◽  
Ken Sojonky ◽  
Erin N. Zabek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multi Locus Sequence Typing ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Streptococcus Equi

Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus ( S. zooepidemicus) causes outbreaks of fatal respiratory disease in dog shelters and fatal respiratory and neurologic disease in cat shelters. We conducted multi-locus sequence typing analysis on S. zooepidemicus isolates from 5 Canadian and 3 Israeli cats with severe respiratory and neurologic disease, plus 1 isolate from a clinically normal shelter cat. Our aim was to determine if feline outbreaks are clonal and whether there is commonality between feline and canine strains. ST363 was identified as the causative strain of a Canadian outbreak of S. zooepidemicus–linked disease, and is a double-locus variant of ST173, which was isolated from one of the Israeli cats. ST363 was also isolated from the clinically normal cat, indicative of the potential for enzootic infection in shelters. Strains within the ST173 clonal complex were responsible for 2 large canine outbreaks in the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as the death of 1 cat in the United States outbreak. ST215 was isolated from 2 cats in the Israeli outbreak, and is unrelated to the ST173 complex. We conclude that S. zooepidemicus outbreaks in cat shelters are clonal and that strains within the ST173 clonal complex are pathogenic for both dogs and cats.

scholarly journals Light Cigarette Smoking Increases Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Findings from the NHIS Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Qin ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Shengxu Li ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
Bo Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Disease Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Never Smokers

Very few studies have examined the association between light cigarette smoking (i.e., ≤5 cigarettes per day) and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the association of light cigarette smoking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults in the United States. Data were from 13 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (1997 to 2009) that were linked to the National Death Index records through December 31, 2011. A total of 329,035 participants aged ≥18 years in the United States were included. Deaths were from all cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory disease and were confirmed by death certification. During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 34,862 participants died, of which 8415 were from cancer, 9031 from CVD, and 2040 from respiratory disease. Compared with never-smokers, participants who smoked 1–2 (hazard ratios (HR) = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.73–2.16) and 3–5 cigarettes (HR = 1.99, 1.83–2.17) per day were at higher risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment for demographic variables, lifestyle factors and physician-diagnosis of chronic disease. The associations were stronger for respiratory disease-specific mortality, followed by cancer-specific mortality and CVD-specific mortality. For example, the HRs (95% CIs) of smoking 1–2 cigarettes per day were 9.75 (6.15–15.46), 2.28 (1.84–2.84) and 1.93 (1.58–2.36), respectively, for these three cause-specific mortalities. This study indicates that light cigarette smoking increases risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of an Influenza D Virus Strain Identified in a Pig with Subclinical Infection in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thielen ◽  
Jacqueline M. Nolting ◽  
Sarah W. Nelson ◽  
Thomas S. Mehoke ◽  
Craig Howser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
Subclinical Infection

Influenza D virus was first described in 2011 from a pig with respiratory disease; however, recent evidence indicates that cattle are the major viral reservoir. Here, we describe the genome sequence of the eighth complete swine-origin influenza D virus deposited into GenBank, D/swine/Kentucky/17TOSU1262/2017, which was collected at a 2017 swine exhibition.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Pasteurella multocida Isolate P1062, Isolated from Bovine Respiratory Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan E. Abrahante ◽  
Samuel S. Hunter ◽  
Samuel K. Maheswaran ◽  
Melissa J. Hauglund ◽  
Fred M. Tatum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence

Here, we report the draft genome of Pasteurella multocida isolate P1062 recovered from pneumonic bovine lung in the United States in 1959.

scholarly journals Do Performance Goals and Development, Feedback and Recognition, and a Climate of Trust Improve Employee Engagement in Small Businesses in the United States?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tywanda D. Tate ◽  
Franklin M. Lartey ◽  
Phillip M. Randall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Overall Performance

Small businesses are the predominant contributors to the U.S. economy, yet they face many challenges to remain competitive and sustainable. There are several reasons a small business could fail, including a lack of human resources, limited financial resources, competition, technological advancements, disaster, and globalization. Improving employee performance by getting them engaged and productive in their work is an issue that cannot be overlooked for small businesses to function and remain competitive. There is limited empirical evidence that explains the dimensions of performance management and employee engagement in small businesses. However, how small businesses sustain their long-term performance remains uncertain. This study sought to bring together two previously distinct constructs: overall employee engagement and overall performance management, characterized by performance goals and development, a climate of trust, and feedback and recognition. The research was correlational in nature. A survey was conducted to generate and analyze data gathered from 121 employees of small businesses located in the United States. A series of Pearson correlation analyses confirmed the existence of statistically significant positive relationships between employee engagement and each variable of performance management, namely performance goals and development, feedback and recognition, and climate of trust. Notwithstanding these positive correlations, a multiple regression model with the three performance management variables as independent variables and employee engagement as the dependent variable suggested that there was a statistically significant regression model F(3, 117) = 32.34, p < .001, R2 = .453, explaining 45.3% of the variability in employee engagement. Nonetheless, this model confirmed that the variables performance goals and development and climate of trust were not statistically significant in the model (p > .05). In other words, only the feedback and recognition variable was statistically significant in the regression model, suggesting that it explained most of the variability in engagement, including that already explained by the other two variables. Overall, the outcome of this study suggests that small businesses implementing performance management processes have more engaged employees. The conclusions drawn from these findings suggest that overall performance management and overall employee engagement contribute to small business productivity and organizational success.

scholarly journals Stochastic Dominance Analysis of Futures and Option Strategies for Hedging Feeder Cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wes Harrison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stochastic Dominance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Futures Contracts ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
Futures Contract ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Put Option ◽  
Option Strategies

Stochastic simulation and generalized stochastic dominance are used to compare the risk-return properties of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange feeder cattle futures contract with those of the feeder cattle put option contract. Cash marketing, futures, and option strategies are analyzed for four backgrounding systems common to the mid-south region of the United States. The results show that at-the-money put option strategies dominate corresponding futures contract strategies according to generalized stochastic dominance. This implies that at-the-money put option contracts are superior to feeder cattle futures contracts for risk-averse backgrounders in the mid-south region of the United States.

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