THE ROLE OF THE GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN MAINTAINING REDOX-HOMEOSTASIS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN INFLAMMATORY AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE ORGAN OF VISION

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-391
Author(s):  
V. G. Marmysh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Intracellular Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

Objective. To review and analyze literature data as well as evaluate the role of the glutathione antioxidant system in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision. Material and Methods. Multiple sources of foreign and domestic literature concerning the problem of oxidative stress, antioxidant protection system, glutathione and their role in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision were analyzed using main scientific and medical databases. More than 120 sources in the medical literature over the past 15 years were evaluated, 50 of them have been selected for final summary. Results. It was found that oxidative stress, based on free radical oxidation reactions, including LPO processes, plays a leading role in the development of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision. The key link in the eye’s antioxidant protection system is the glutathione system, which includes glutathione itself (GSH) and glutathionedependent enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the eye are accompanied by reduction of the intracellular glutathione pool and imbalance between its reduced and oxidized forms (GSH / GSSG). Conclusions. Oxidative stress has a high correlation with inflammation and is the most important pathogenetic mechanism in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the eye. The key role in antioxidant protection and maintenance of redox homeostasis of eye tissues belongs to the glutathione system, which includes GSH itself and glutathione-dependent enzymes (GPO, GR, GST). Inflammatory and degenerative processes in the eye are accompanied by decrease of the intracellular glutathione pool (GSH) and imbalance between its reduced and oxidized forms (GSH / GSSG). A shift in this balance significantly affects normal cell functioning, up to its apoptosis, and triggers multiple pathological conditions within the body, including diseases of the organ of vision.

MECHANISMS AND FEATURES OF IMMUNE STATUS AND "OXIDATIVE STRESS - ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION" SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
I. I. Hrek ◽  
Maryna Mykolayivna Kochuieva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

The study of the human immune system state in infection with M. tuberculosis is relevant because the course and outcome of this disease are largely determined by the immune status of the patient. However, 98 % of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have an immune imbalance. It is known that in the protection against tuberculosis an important role belongs to the body's natural resistance, which is provided by a variety of cellular and humoral factors, physicochemical characteristics of tissues, lymphoid cells, leukocyte and macrophage responses and genetic resistance. When mycobacteria enter the body, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages are the main phagocytic cells. Optimally high level of resistance to the pathogen develops only in the coordinated interaction of T−lymphocytes with macrophages. Studies of cellular immunity and genetic markers have shown that the course of tuberculosis infection is associated with suppression of their functional activity. Immune response deregulation is closely related to oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between free reactive oxygen species and antioxidant mechanisms, with a higher risk of developing it rather in lungs than other organs. Many studies have presented the results of studying the state of the immune system and the "oxidative stress − antioxidant protection" system in tuberculosis. This is an important component, because the clinical course and outcome of treatment is largely determined by the status of these systems. A number of experts point out that the study of immunological and oxidative parameters in tuberculosis is of a great importance for deciding on the tactics of treatment and the choice of direction of influence on the course of the disease. Key words: M. Tuberculosis, immunity in tuberculosis, oxidative stress, antioxidant protection.

scholarly journals Research of indicators of pro- and antioxidant system in spermoplasm in violation of fertility in men

Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.D. Melenevsky ◽  
O.M. Chaika ◽  
O.V. Tretyakova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

The article presents the study results of marker indicators of pro- and antioxidant spermoplasm systems among men of reproductive age with various types of infertility. It is shown that patients who were diagnosed with “secretory male infertility”, had the level of MDA content that was exceeding control indicators in 1.2 times (aЈ0,05) with simultaneous activation of SOD (in 132.2%, aЈ0,05) against the background of slight CAT activity decreasing. The SOD/CAT ratio increased in 1.44 times compared to the control, and the activity of GAOS enzymes was not significantly different from the control group. The condition of  pro- and antioxidant protection system can be classified as “activated” due to “SOD + CAT” link with imbalance in the system, which can lead to progression of cytotoxic effects. The patients’ segmentation who were diagnosed with “excretory-toxic male infertility” into three subgroups by MDA content in spermoplasm made it possible to establish that the first subgroup was characterized by “compensatory activation” mainly of GAOS against the background of decreasing MDA content, in the second subgroup - indicators of the pro- and anti-radical protection system did not have reliable differences comparing with control results. The third subgroup showed increase of MDA content (66.1%, aЈ0,01) and activity decrease of all anti-radical protection systems. The state of pro- and antioxidant protection system in this subgroup can be classified as “oxidative stress.” The indicators study of pro-antioxidant systems in spermoplasm among patients with various types of male infertility will allow to carry out pathogenetically justified prevention and correction of conditions, which are accompanied by development of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Role of antioxidants and a nutrient rich diet in Alzheimer's disease

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 200084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Veurink ◽  
George Perry ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The joint attack on the body by metabolic acidosis and oxidative stress suggests that treatment in degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), may require a normalizing of extracellular and intracellular pH with simultaneous supplementation of an antioxidant combination cocktail at a sufficiently high dose. Evidence is also accumulating that combinations of antioxidants may be more effective, taking advantage of synergistic effects of appropriate antioxidants as well as a nutrient-rich diet to prevent and reverse AD. This review focuses on nutritional, nutraceutical and antioxidant treatments of AD, although they can also be used in other chronic degenerative and neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals OXIDATIVE STRESS: ITS ROLE IN INSULIN SECRETION, HORMONE RECEPTION BY ADIPOCYTES AND LIPOLYSIS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
V. V. Ivanov ◽  
Ye. V. Shakhristova ◽  
Ye. A. Stepovaya ◽  
O. L. Nosareva ◽  
T. S. Fyodorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System ◽  
Tissue Production

Oxidative stress is one of the pathogenetic components of many diseases during which generation of reactive oxigen species increases and the capacity of the antioxidant protection system diminishes. In the research of the last decades special attention has been given to adipose tissue, production of adipokines by it and their role in development of immunoresistance associated with formation of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes.Search for methods of therapeutic correction of adipokine secretion disorders, their influence on metabolism of separate cells and the organism on the whole as well as development of new approaches to correction of disorders in cell sensitivity to insulin are extremely topical nowadays. Systematization and consolidation of accumulated data allow to determine the strategies of further research more accurately; as a result, we have attempted to summarize and analyze the accumulated data on the role of adipose tissue in oxidative stress development.On the basis of literature data and the results of the personal investigations, the role of adipose tissue in forming oxidative stress in diabetes has been analyzed in the article. Brief description of adipose tissue was given as a secretory organ regulating metabolic processes in adipocytes and influencing functions of various organs and systems of the body. Mechanisms of disorder in insulin secretion as well as development of insulin sesistance in type I diabetes were described along with the contribution of lipolysis in adipose tissue to these processes.

scholarly journals The effect of cadmium loading on the activity of the enzyme link of the glutathione system of bull organism

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
I. S. Paziuk ◽  
N. D. Levkivska ◽  
M. S. Romanovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System ◽  
Peroxidation Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

One of the ultimate manifestations of Cadmium's toxic effects is the depletion of the animal's antioxidant protection system. The article presents data on the effect of cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight on the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection of the body of young cattle. The surveys were conducted on the basis of farm Ivanivtsi of Zhydachiv district of Lviv region on 10 bulls of six months old, Ukrainian black-ruffed dairy breed, which were formed into 2 groups of 5 animals each: control and experimental. Bulls of the experimental group were fed with feed cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. For research, the rules were compulsory for performing zootechnical experiments on the selection and retention of analogues in groups, technology for the procurement, use and accounting of feed consumed. The diet of the animals was balanced by the nutrients and minerals that provided for their need for essential nutrients. The results of studies indicate that Cadmium significantly affects the metabolism processes in liver cells, and thus stimulates lipid peroxidation processes and inhibits the activity of enzymes of the glutathione link of the antioxidant system. The lowest activity of the enzyme link of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection of the body of cattle was found on the twentieth day of the experiment, where, accordingly, the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the serum of bugs of the experimental group decreased by 22.6%, the activity of glutathione 6 phosphate dehydrogenase – by 24.3% relative to the control group of animals. The inhibition of the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system of the organism of bulls of the experimental group is caused by the development of oxidative stress caused by the feeding of Cadmium. The researches made it possible to reveal more deeply the pathogenesis of the toxic effect of cadmium on the body of bugs and use these data in the development of an antidote for cadmium intoxication.

Assessment of indicators of nervous and emotional stress in medical center personnel depending on the characteristics of their professional activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-657
Author(s):  
Irina V. Fedotova ◽  
Tatyana N. Vasilyeva ◽  
Tatyana V. Blinova ◽  
Irina A. Umnyagina ◽  
Yuliya V. Lyapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Medical Centers

Introduction. Digital technologies are actively used in the work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles, which causes the impact on employees of a number of professional factors that determine the characteristics of their work. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of professional factors on the functional state of the employees' body and the glutathione system as an objective indicator of stress based on the analysis of the subjective perception of the medical center employees of the specifics of working with personal computers and psychophysiological testing. Materials and methods. The study involved 109 specialists of medical centers (25 ophthalmologists, 31 representatives of the secondary medical staff - nurses and paramedics, 53 office employees). The anonymous survey concerned the assessment of working conditions and their impact on the functional state of the body of the respondents. Performance and stress tolerance indicators were evaluated using three standard questionnaires. The study of 66 subjects' levels of glutathione in the blood: total, reduced, oxidized and the ratio of reduced and oxidized - was used to analyze the relationship of the neuro-emotional nature of labor with the reaction of oxidative stress. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using traditional methods of variation statistics and calculating the value of the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The survey revealed a significant proportion of people in all groups of respondents who constantly use computer technology in their work. Describing the quality of the processed information, doctors more than representatives of other groups note its complexity, importance, negative emotional color, a high degree of responsibility and tension. Doctors more often than average medical staff and office workers associate the manifestation of fatigue with an uncomfortable state of the visual organ, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. The subjects showed reduced performance and stress tolerance with the most pronounced negative trends in the group of doctors. Changes in the glutathione system were detected, indicating the presence of oxidative stress in 40% of ophthalmologists and office workers, and in half of nurses. Conclusions. The work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles in accordance with their assessment is characterized by high nervous and emotional stress, due to the need to process a significant amount of complex and important professionally significant information. Subjectively noted by respondents the influence of working conditions on the functional state of the body is confirmed by indicators of the glutathione system, which can be used as indicators of nervous and emotional stress.

Gender differences in biochemical measurement reflecting the state of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection among workers in metallurgical production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Production Factors

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Antioxidants for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Are We There Yet?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Carmen Griñan-Lison ◽  
Jose L. Blaya-Cánovas ◽  
Araceli López-Tejada ◽  
Marta Ávalos-Moreno ◽  
Alba Navarro-Ocón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Breast Carcinogenesis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Potential Use

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been related to cancer progression. Compared to their normal counterparts, tumor cells show higher ROS levels and tight regulation of REDOX homeostasis to maintain a low degree of oxidative stress. Traditionally antioxidants have been extensively investigated to counteract breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression as chemopreventive agents; however, there is growing evidence indicating their potential as adjuvants for the treatment of breast cancer. Aimed to elucidate whether antioxidants could be a reality in the management of breast cancer patients, this review focuses on the latest investigations regarding the ambivalent role of antioxidants in the development of breast cancer, with special attention to the results derived from clinical trials, as well as their potential use as plausible agents in combination therapy and their power to ameliorate the side effects attributed to standard therapeutics. Data retrieved herein suggest that antioxidants play an important role in breast cancer prevention and the improvement of therapeutic efficacy; nevertheless, appropriate patient stratification based on “redoxidomics” or tumor subtype is mandatory in order to define the dosage for future standardized and personalized treatments of patients.

scholarly journals Glutathione “Redox Homeostasis” and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan P. Bajic ◽  
Christophe Van Neste ◽  
Milan Obradovic ◽  
Sonja Zafirovic ◽  
Djordje Radak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanism ◽  
Redox Mechanism ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Glutathione Redox

More people die from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than from any other cause. Cardiovascular complications are thought to arise from enhanced levels of free radicals causing impaired “redox homeostasis,” which represents the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and reductive stress (RS). In this review, we compile several experimental research findings that show sustained shifts towards OS will alter the homeostatic redox mechanism to cause cardiovascular complications, as well as findings that show a prolonged antioxidant state or RS can similarly lead to such cardiovascular complications. This experimental evidence is specifically focused on the role of glutathione, the most abundant antioxidant in the heart, in a redox homeostatic mechanism that has been shifted towards OS or RS. This may lead to impairment of cellular signaling mechanisms and elevated pools of proteotoxicity associated with cardiac dysfunction.

scholarly journals The state of antioxidant protection system in cows under the influence of heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
L. G. Slivinska ◽  
A. R. Shcherbatyy ◽  
B. O. Lukashchuk ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Technogenic Pollution ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

A highly relevant problem of modern veterinary science is the study of features and mechanisms of combined action of the most common heavy metals – cadmium and plumbum and their influence on the body of humans and animals in the regions of Ukraine under technogenic pollution. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of heavy metals on the state of the antioxidant protection system of cows, in particular on the content of lipid peroxidation products (malonic dialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates), and activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), depending on the distance to the heaps of mines in the coal basin. The study objects were cows of black-and-white breed at the age of 3–7 years. It was established that this parameter in the place with the highest concentration of diene conjugates in the blood of cows was by 25.8 % higher compared to the place of low concentration and 12.1 % higher compared to the place with medium concentration. In the place with the highest content of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of cows the parameter was 23.7 % higher compared to the cows from the place with the low content. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of cows from the place with the medium content was 16.7% higher compared to the cows from the place with the low content. The parameter from the place with the lowest content of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of cows was 12.1% lower compared to the place with the highest content. The level of malonic dialdehyde in the blood of cows from the technogenic pollution zone in the place with the largest amount was higher by 36.2; 34.0 and 18.8 % – compared to places with medium and low levels, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood of cows in the place with its highest activity was 0.284 ± 0.0099 % block. reac/g Hb, and in the place with the lowest activity – 0.23 ± 0.0051 % block. reac/g Hb. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in the blood of cows in farms of the technogenic pollution zone depended on the distance to the mine. These researches will further develop effective methods of treating cows under the influence of heavy metals, in particular regarding the antioxidant system.

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