MECHANISMS AND FEATURES OF IMMUNE STATUS AND "OXIDATIVE STRESS - ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION" SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
I. I. Hrek ◽  
Maryna Mykolayivna Kochuieva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

The study of the human immune system state in infection with M. tuberculosis is relevant because the course and outcome of this disease are largely determined by the immune status of the patient. However, 98 % of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have an immune imbalance. It is known that in the protection against tuberculosis an important role belongs to the body's natural resistance, which is provided by a variety of cellular and humoral factors, physicochemical characteristics of tissues, lymphoid cells, leukocyte and macrophage responses and genetic resistance. When mycobacteria enter the body, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages are the main phagocytic cells. Optimally high level of resistance to the pathogen develops only in the coordinated interaction of T−lymphocytes with macrophages. Studies of cellular immunity and genetic markers have shown that the course of tuberculosis infection is associated with suppression of their functional activity. Immune response deregulation is closely related to oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between free reactive oxygen species and antioxidant mechanisms, with a higher risk of developing it rather in lungs than other organs. Many studies have presented the results of studying the state of the immune system and the "oxidative stress − antioxidant protection" system in tuberculosis. This is an important component, because the clinical course and outcome of treatment is largely determined by the status of these systems. A number of experts point out that the study of immunological and oxidative parameters in tuberculosis is of a great importance for deciding on the tactics of treatment and the choice of direction of influence on the course of the disease. Key words: M. Tuberculosis, immunity in tuberculosis, oxidative stress, antioxidant protection.

THE ROLE OF THE GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN MAINTAINING REDOX-HOMEOSTASIS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN INFLAMMATORY AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE ORGAN OF VISION

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-391
Author(s):  
V. G. Marmysh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Intracellular Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

Objective. To review and analyze literature data as well as evaluate the role of the glutathione antioxidant system in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision. Material and Methods. Multiple sources of foreign and domestic literature concerning the problem of oxidative stress, antioxidant protection system, glutathione and their role in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision were analyzed using main scientific and medical databases. More than 120 sources in the medical literature over the past 15 years were evaluated, 50 of them have been selected for final summary. Results. It was found that oxidative stress, based on free radical oxidation reactions, including LPO processes, plays a leading role in the development of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the organ of vision. The key link in the eye’s antioxidant protection system is the glutathione system, which includes glutathione itself (GSH) and glutathionedependent enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the eye are accompanied by reduction of the intracellular glutathione pool and imbalance between its reduced and oxidized forms (GSH / GSSG). Conclusions. Oxidative stress has a high correlation with inflammation and is the most important pathogenetic mechanism in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the eye. The key role in antioxidant protection and maintenance of redox homeostasis of eye tissues belongs to the glutathione system, which includes GSH itself and glutathione-dependent enzymes (GPO, GR, GST). Inflammatory and degenerative processes in the eye are accompanied by decrease of the intracellular glutathione pool (GSH) and imbalance between its reduced and oxidized forms (GSH / GSSG). A shift in this balance significantly affects normal cell functioning, up to its apoptosis, and triggers multiple pathological conditions within the body, including diseases of the organ of vision.

scholarly journals Research of indicators of pro- and antioxidant system in spermoplasm in violation of fertility in men

Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.D. Melenevsky ◽  
O.M. Chaika ◽  
O.V. Tretyakova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

The article presents the study results of marker indicators of pro- and antioxidant spermoplasm systems among men of reproductive age with various types of infertility. It is shown that patients who were diagnosed with “secretory male infertility”, had the level of MDA content that was exceeding control indicators in 1.2 times (aЈ0,05) with simultaneous activation of SOD (in 132.2%, aЈ0,05) against the background of slight CAT activity decreasing. The SOD/CAT ratio increased in 1.44 times compared to the control, and the activity of GAOS enzymes was not significantly different from the control group. The condition of  pro- and antioxidant protection system can be classified as “activated” due to “SOD + CAT” link with imbalance in the system, which can lead to progression of cytotoxic effects. The patients’ segmentation who were diagnosed with “excretory-toxic male infertility” into three subgroups by MDA content in spermoplasm made it possible to establish that the first subgroup was characterized by “compensatory activation” mainly of GAOS against the background of decreasing MDA content, in the second subgroup - indicators of the pro- and anti-radical protection system did not have reliable differences comparing with control results. The third subgroup showed increase of MDA content (66.1%, aЈ0,01) and activity decrease of all anti-radical protection systems. The state of pro- and antioxidant protection system in this subgroup can be classified as “oxidative stress.” The indicators study of pro-antioxidant systems in spermoplasm among patients with various types of male infertility will allow to carry out pathogenetically justified prevention and correction of conditions, which are accompanied by development of oxidative stress.

Gender differences in biochemical measurement reflecting the state of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection among workers in metallurgical production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Production Factors

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The state of antioxidant protection system in cows under the influence of heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
L. G. Slivinska ◽  
A. R. Shcherbatyy ◽  
B. O. Lukashchuk ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Technogenic Pollution ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

A highly relevant problem of modern veterinary science is the study of features and mechanisms of combined action of the most common heavy metals – cadmium and plumbum and their influence on the body of humans and animals in the regions of Ukraine under technogenic pollution. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of heavy metals on the state of the antioxidant protection system of cows, in particular on the content of lipid peroxidation products (malonic dialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates), and activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), depending on the distance to the heaps of mines in the coal basin. The study objects were cows of black-and-white breed at the age of 3–7 years. It was established that this parameter in the place with the highest concentration of diene conjugates in the blood of cows was by 25.8 % higher compared to the place of low concentration and 12.1 % higher compared to the place with medium concentration. In the place with the highest content of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of cows the parameter was 23.7 % higher compared to the cows from the place with the low content. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of cows from the place with the medium content was 16.7% higher compared to the cows from the place with the low content. The parameter from the place with the lowest content of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of cows was 12.1% lower compared to the place with the highest content. The level of malonic dialdehyde in the blood of cows from the technogenic pollution zone in the place with the largest amount was higher by 36.2; 34.0 and 18.8 % – compared to places with medium and low levels, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood of cows in the place with its highest activity was 0.284 ± 0.0099 % block. reac/g Hb, and in the place with the lowest activity – 0.23 ± 0.0051 % block. reac/g Hb. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in the blood of cows in farms of the technogenic pollution zone depended on the distance to the mine. These researches will further develop effective methods of treating cows under the influence of heavy metals, in particular regarding the antioxidant system.

scholarly journals Dynamics of changes in the immune system and antioxidant protection in the treatment of acute pancreatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
K. E. Ishcheikin ◽  
V. V. Petrushenko ◽  
D. I. Grebeniuk ◽  
O. M. Zatserkovna ◽  
L. M. Malyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Group I ◽  
Edematous Pancreatitis

The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of changes in the immune system indices and antioxidant protection when fluoroquinolones are included in the treatment regimen for acute edematous pancreatitis. The study included 86 patients with a diagnosis of acute edematous pancreatitis. Group I (n=40) consisted of patients who received treatment according to national and local standards and protocols, group II (n=46) — patients who additionally received fluoroquinolones as part of a comprehensive treatment. The control group consisted of 48 conditionally healthy people in whom laboratory and instrumental diagnostics were carried out similarly to those in patients with acute pancreatitis. According to the purpose and objectives of the study, the state of the immune system and the antioxidant defense system was studied. In patients with acute pancreatitis, changes in the indicators of the immune status were revealed, manifested by the formation of a secondary immunodeficiency with the addition of an autoimmune component. The traditional scheme of pharmacotherapy of acute pancreatitis without the use of antibiotics made it possible to partially correct the indicators of immune status. The use of ciprofloxacin in the complex pharmacotherapy of acute pancreatitis contributed to the normalization of the studied parameters. Thus, the use of fluoroquinolones in the complex pharmacotherapy of acute pancreatitis made it possible to effectively normalize the state of the immune system, cytokine and antioxidant statuses.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROELEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF MECHANISMS OF PROTECTION OF THE BODY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
V. O. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Substances

Analysis of literature data and the results of our own research show that even with intensive rearing of animals with the use of balanced feeding and keeping them in accordance with the technology - it is almost impossible to avoid stress. And especially, excessive man-made load on agroecosystems also has a negative impact on animal life. Factors that cause a decrease in immune status and the emergence of immune pathology in animals include: industrial technology of animal husbandry, chemicalization in crop and livestock production, man-made pressure, dietary imbalance in nutrients and biologically active substances. This increases the impact on the body of heavy metals, which displace nutrients from body tissues, in particular trace elements and replace them in metabolic processes, which is a potential prerequisite for the development of oxidative stress. The mechanism of development of stress reaction of an organism is closely connected with activity of POL (lipid peroxidation) and depression of antioxidant potential. Under these conditions, the ability of the organism to mobilize protective and adaptive capabilities in response to the action of negative factors becomes especially important. Keeping productive animals in adverse conditions, unbalanced feeding are components of immobilization stress, which reduces their productivity, affects reproductive function, metabolic and functional disorders, reducing nonspecific and specific resistance of the organism (Fedoruk & Kravtsiv, 2003; Velychko, 2008; Velychko, 2011). Under conditions of man-caused load on the environment, respectively, and animals – it is promising to develop effective methods for regulating the activity of the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection with the help of biologically active substances, in particular trace elements. The results of research confirm that this has a positive effect on the formation of productive and adaptive properties of animals. The system of antioxidant protection is a necessary part of non-specific reactions of the organism, a component of the processes of its adaptation to environmental conditions, a component of normal life, a factor in maintaining homeostasis. Widespread immunodeficiency and elucidation of the main links of their pathogenesis have exacerbated the problem of regulating disorders of the immune system. Therefore, knowledge of the patterns of formation of the immune status of animals, especially in the early postnatal period, is important in the development of methods for the correction of immunodeficiency, antioxidant protection.

scholarly journals Functional State of the Thyroid Gland and Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Protection System in Women of Reproductive Age with Chronic Form of Parenteral Viral Hepatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Maria A. Rashidova ◽  
Leonid F. Sholokhov ◽  
Marina A. Darenskaya ◽  
Lyubov I. Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Chronic Form ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

Background.Chronic viral hepatitis is a complex global problem and is still far from being solved. Many researchers point out influence of viral hepatitis on the reproductive system of women.Aim.To identify features of the functional state of pituitary-thyroid units of neuroendocrinal regulation, and to evaluate lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection with determination of the oxidative stress coefficient in perimenopausal women with chronic form of hepatitis.Materials and methods. Study included 44 women with chronic viral hepatitis and 28 healthy women of the same age. Immunoabsorbent, spectrophotometric, fluorometric and statistical methods were used.Results.In patients with chronic viral hepatitis, we detected an increase in thyroxine levels – by 29.6% (р < 0.001) and free triiodothyronine values – by 65.7% (р = 0.008) in comparison with the control group. In the group with chronic viral hepatitis, the TBA-reactive products level increased by 1.9 times (р = 0.006), and superoxide dismutase activity decreased by 1.3 times (р < 0.001), total antioxidant activity – by 1.7 times (р < 0.001) and α-tocopherol level – by 1.3 times (р = 0.005) in comparison with the control group.Conclusions. The obtained data demonstrate the features of the pituitary-thyroid system functioning and the lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection system in patients with chronic hepatitis. The chronic form of hepatitis is characterized by metabolic disorders that require a more careful approach in diagnosis and management.

scholarly journals State of the antioxidant protection system of rat liver in ischemia and reperfusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Konstantin Andreevich Popov ◽  
Ilia Mikhaylovich Bykov ◽  
Igor Yuryevich Tsymbalyuk ◽  
Yana Evgenievna Denisova ◽  
Anzhela Nikolaevna Stolyarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
The State ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Cytosolic Fraction ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Mitochondrial Suspension ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System

Purpose: determination of the state of the antioxidant protection system of the cytosolic fraction and suspension of rat liver mitochondria after experimental ischemia and reperfusion. Materials and methods: the study was conducted using white mature rats, divided into 3 groups: the control group (n = 15); The 2nd group of animals (n = 15), from which the liver was taken after 15 minutes of liver ischemia; the 3rd group of rats (n = 15), from which the liver was taken after a 15-minute reperfusion period, followed by a 15-minute ischemic period. Mitochondrial suspension and cytosolic fraction were isolated from liver tissue. Results: the obtained research results showed the presence of certain pathobiochemical changes in the suspension of mitochondria and the cytosolic fraction after ischemia or reperfusion. In the mitochondrial suspension during the reperfusion period it was found an adaptive increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase by 39% and glutathione reductase by 61%. In the cytosolic fraction, it was the most remarkable increase of the total antioxidant capacity by 38% already during ischemia and a progressive decrease in the level of reduced glutathione form by 26% in ischemic and 55% in reperfusion period. The change in the state of the antioxidant system occurred against the background of an increase in the number of products of oxidative modifications of biomolecules by 40% during ischemia and 2.2 times after reperfusion. Conclusion: The results indicate the need to develop not only a mitochondria-oriented correction of oxidative disorders, but also active support for the components of the cytosol, which provide the main accumulation of free radical damage products and their subsequent removal from the cell, which is essential for survival.

scholarly journals THE INHIBITING EFFECT OF FS-1 DRUG ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION SYSTEM OF MYCOBACTERIA TUBERCULOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (344) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
B. Kerimzhanova ◽  
A. Jumagaziyeva ◽  
N. Аkhatullina ◽  
Zh. Iskakbayeva ◽  
E. Sakhipov
Keyword(s):  
Protection System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Protection System ◽  
Mycobacteria Tuberculosis
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