scholarly journals “Dead End of Oral History” and Writing of “The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR” (On the Example of Dnipropetrovsk Region)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Dead End ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Dead

The aim of the research is to determine the place of the “dead end of oral history” in the writing of “The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR” The methodological foundations of the research are the principles of historicism and objectivity in combination with historical-comparative method and microhistorical approach. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the formulation of the problem and in definition of such a specific phenomenon in the development of oral history as its “dead end”. The research shows that the “dead end” appeared with the advent of sound recording technique. The “dead end” branch developed especially actively in those countries where recording equipment was not available to the researcher. When the large-scale historical project “The History of Cities and Villages of the USSR” was implemented in the USSR, the authors of historical essays were tasked to collect memories of local residents and to use this material to cover the historical gaps, created by the lack of documentary sources. As a result, during the preparation of essays on the history of small settlements, the memories of local residents were actively recorded. Conclusions. As a result of the research, it was found that “the dead end of oral history” existed in parallel with the “progressive branch” and was actively used by the researchers for (re)construction of the past. One of the largest historical projects, where this “dead end” was used, was the writing of “The History of Cities and Villages of the USSR” On the example of the Dnipropetrovsk region it was possible to determine that the authors of the historical essays turned to oral history only in cases when there was a lack of documentary sources. In order to make the handwritten memories “legal”, they were certified by the seals of the village councils. A key disadvantage of the “dead end” was the deformation of memories, which they went through when recording by ear. The deformation occurred both in thematic-semantic and presentational spheres. Thematic and semantic deformations were manifested in selective coverage of only certain topics: “revolutions of 1905-1907”, “armed struggle for Soviet power” etc. The presentation deformation can be seen in the adaptation of texts to the Soviet historical narrative

scholarly journals Running a hospital patient safety campaign: a qualitative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Ozieranski ◽  
Victoria Robins ◽  
Joel Minion ◽  
Janet Willars ◽  
John Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of

Purpose – Research on patient safety campaigns has mostly concentrated on large-scale multi-organisation efforts, yet locally led improvement is increasingly promoted. The purpose of this paper is to characterise the design and implementation of an internal patient safety campaign at a large acute National Health Service hospital trust with a view to understanding how to optimise such campaigns. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a qualitative study of a campaign that sought to achieve 12 patient safety goals. The authors interviewed 19 managers and 45 frontline staff, supplemented by 56 hours of non-participant observation. Data analysis was based on the constant comparative method. Findings – The campaign was motivated by senior managers’ commitment to patient safety improvement, a series of serious untoward incidents, and a history of campaign-style initiatives at the trust. While the campaign succeeded in generating enthusiasm and focus among managers and some frontline staff, it encountered three challenges. First, though many staff at the sharp end were aware of the campaign, their knowledge, and acceptance of its content, rationale, and relevance for distinct clinical areas were variable. Second, the mechanisms of change, albeit effective in creating focus, may have been too limited. Third, many saw the tempo of the campaign as too rapid. Overall, the campaign enjoyed some success in raising the profile of patient safety. However, its ability to promote change was mixed, and progress was difficult to evidence because of lack of reliable measurement. Originality/value – The study shows that single-organisation campaigns may help in raising the profile of patient safety. The authors offer important lessons for the successful running of such campaigns.

scholarly journals THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF "RUS CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS REVIVAL" OF THE LAST THIRD OF THE SEVENTEENTH – EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY AS A PRECONDITION FOR "THE UNION TRIUMPHALISM" IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF ANDRZEJ GIL AND IGOR SKOCHILIAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Svitlana Bila
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
And Control

Summary. The purpose of the article is to analyze the contribution of Andrzej Gil and Ihor Skochylias to the study of the preconditions for the "triumph" of the union confession in the western dioceses of the Kyiv metropolis in the context of development of new concepts and ideas by these scientists. The research methodology is based on the use of historical-comparative method and methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization. The scientific novelty of the article lies in an attempt to study the innovative concepts of modern scholars on the topic of the history of the union church of the late XVII ‒ early XVIII centuries. Conclusions. The significant source material is the authors’ concept that at the turn of the XVII‒XVIII centuries there was a cultural and religious revival and large-scale modernization reforms in the Kyiv metropolis leading to the formation of an innovative religious model "Slavia Unita". The scholars state that the main initiators and promoters of the Reformation innovations were the uniate metropolitans of Kyiv, representatives of the Basilian order and the local church hierarchy. Implementation and control over the innovations were carried out during regular episcopal and archimandrite visits and episcopal courts. Everything was codified at local diocesan councils. According to historians, this religious model contributed to the formation of a clear union identity and a closer union with European religious culture. At the same time, it contributed to the preservation of the important principles of the Kyivan Christian tradition. There are at least two objective conclusions made by the authors. One of them is that a direct result of this model was "the union triumphalism" and the "golden age of union" in the Kyiv metropolis, and the second one is that the political consequence of "Slavia Unita" is unification around the union denomination of the Rus nation. The Union Church in the Kyiv metropolis became the most widespread confession and an effective representative of the interests of the Rus people.

The Swaziland Oral History Project

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

In 1985 an oral history project was established in Swaziland, based in the National Archives at Lobamba. The Oral History Project set itself three tasks; the establishment of an oral archive on Swazi history; the publication of a selection of transcripts form the oral archive concerning the precolonial history of Swaziland; the popularization of precolonial history.The precolonial history of Swaziland is the history of a largely non–literate people. The colonial period is well–documented, but mostly from the perspective of the colonial administration. Oral traditions are thus a primary source for both the precolonial and the later history of Swaziland. The Project is concerned to preserve oral testimonies about all periods of Swazi history, including the immediate past. Special attention however, has been paid to the collection and preservation of the oral record pertaining to the precolonial history of Swaziland, a period for which documentary sources are largely absent.There are several reasons for this. Firstly, the relative stability of the Swazi kingdom and its high degree of centralization imparted to early Swazi traditions a unique chronological depth. Secondly, the varied circumstances of incorporation of its many component chiefdoms have endowed Swaziland with an exceptionally rich corpus of local and regional traditons. This diversity facilitates the development of a picture of precolonial life that moves beyond the elitist versions of history which have long dominated both Swazi history and precolonial history elsewhere in southern Africa. Not only are the surviving Swazi oral traditions about the precolonial past unusually rich, but Swaziland occupied a pivotal political position in nineteenth–century southeast Africa. Its traditions illuminate the processes and forces that shaped the history of the entire region

scholarly journals "To Unite Telescope and Microscope": Concerning An Attempt to Solve Methodological and Source Studies Problems of Studying the History of the Russian Peasant Family of the Yepifan Uezd in the 16th – 20th Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1265-1272
Author(s):  
Igor N. Yurkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
First Time

The article assesses source and archival studies aspects of the V. P. Kozlov’s book “Remove to history ...”: The Peasant Family and Settlement of the Tula Region in the 16th – 20th Centuries. It is the first volume of the study, covering the period up to 1917. The work is devoted to the history and culture of the Yepifan uezd. This uezd is considered in two ways: as a territory, including the villages where the author’s ancestors lived, and as a part of its surroundings. The state of the territory is described for several periods. Via stepwise immersion accompanied by detailing of material, the author advances the restoration of the history of villages and their inhabitants. In the Russian scientific literature, an experience of large-scale and consistent implementation of this approach is a unique case. The author analyzes it theoretically, bringing it into correlation with trends of modern historical science and demonstrating its effectiveness. To study the history of the Yepifan uezd, a significant amount of documents, both published and stored in the archives, has been involved for the first time. V.P. Kozlov divides sources into three classes. In line with his approach used in his works on archeography, he characterizes eight types of sources. Among sources of personal provenance, he underscores oral history documents — records of his relatives’ memoirs collected over the years. He points to the cognitive heterogeneity of these sources: he emphasizes the need to take into account the “author's angles,” notes high reliability of correspondence, especially between relatives. Isolation by V. P. Kozlov of a special class of sacred documentary sources is new. The author refers to these documents as reflecting “relations with the sacred ... beliefs, convictions and symbols” and capturing “the sacrament of human communication with... extrahuman authority.” As an example, he cites his grandmother’s nightly prayers and recordings of miracles of St. Matrona of Moscow. V. P. Kozlov notes an abundance of such sources in the Russian archives. Identifying gaps in sources, he explains the reasons for different preservation of documentary complexes. He dwells on research methods that can partially compensate for the insufficiency of sources. He took some risk in choosing the inhabitants of a small village as main characters of his research. The analysis of source study and archival aspects of his research proves that such work can be successfully carried out even with insufficient sources.

scholarly journals Humanismus nach dem Tod des Menschen

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (167) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Seibert
Keyword(s):  
Dead End ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead

By passing through the “death of man”, Deleuze’s, Guattari’s and Foucault’s antihumanism dissolved the teleologically founded “history” of traditional marxism into a pluralist history of pure contingency. When today’s postmarxism as outlined by Hardt/ Negri or Badiou/Zizek returns to a historical subject and its “materialist teleology” (Hardt/ Negri), their philosophical move seems to be a step back into traditions already overcome. But poststructuralism and postmarxism don’t block each other in the dead end of an eitheror. Instead of this, their constellation opens up a third option rightly named “posthumanism”.

About the Date of Modernization of Akkerman Fortress by François Kauffer

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Andrii Krasnozhon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

One of the most famous periods in the construction history of the Akkerman Fortress is associated with the name of the French engineer in the Turkish service — François Kauffer. As a result of his activities, the medieval stronghold significantly changed its appearance in the last decade of the 18th century, adapting to the tasks of conducting a modern siege war with the help of heavy powder artillery. The dating of these large-scale works in Ackerman remained under question. Some new documentary sources with their detailed information made such dating possible. Kauffer fixed his presence in the fortress with an autograph on the wall of the citadel tower. Apparently, the modernization took place here in the spring and summer of 1796. Equally, the end of the works was marked by the tughra of the ruling Sultan Selim III, installed on the facade of the main gate. The date on Selim III’s tarih and the one in Kauffer’s autograph is 1796.

Ethnography in the reconstruction of African land use histories: a Sierra Leone example

Africa ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Endre Nyerges
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
The Road ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
History Of Vegetation ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe history of vegetation and land use in western Africa includes a pattern of environmental change that can best be described as gradual, subtle, and difficult to measure accurately. As compared, for example, with the process of large-scale felling in Amazonia, deforestation in this context is not readily amenable to analysis and quantification. Local ethnographic, ecological, and ethnohistorical techniques, however, can be used to develop the information required to advance our understanding of the processes of land use and forest change in the region. In this article, research into the contemporary ecology and ethnography of one swidden fanning group, the Susu of Sierra Leone, is combined with historical reconstruction and ethnohistorical documentation of the area, beginning with the visit of the Portuguese Jesuit Priest Fr Balthazar Barreira in 1516. Later documentary sources include the journal of the British_staff sergeant Brian O'Beirne, who explored the road from Freetown to the Fouta Jallon in 1821, and an account of a regional tour by the colonial traveller Frederick Migeod in 1922. These and other data are used to determine how present production systems cause processes of forest change, to assess the extent to which present production systems reflect the past, and to determine how past systems have affected the environment and changed and evolved over time.

ON THE TRAIL OF SHORT u

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Harris
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Central Trajectory ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Lexical Diffusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

This article attempts a detailed reconstruction of recent developments in the history of English short u, the category that in southern English and its descendants shows up as a high vowel in PUT and a lowered vowel in CUT. Combining the comparative method with the interpretation of the historical documentary record, the exercise sets out to answer questions such as the following. At what stage did lowering result in a full-blown split between CUT and PUT? At what point did unrounding set in? Did lowering follow a peripheral or a central trajectory in vowel space? What mechanisms of change were involved — classically regular neogrammarian sound change or irregular lexical diffusion? The comparative aspect of the reconstruction draws heavily on vernacular Englishes which have emerged relatively recently in circumstances of large-scale language contact and shift, particularly those spoken in Ireland, West Africa and the Caribbean. The immediate significance of these varieties is that they emerged during a period when short u was in a state of considerable flux in the metropolitan language. The phonetic realisation and systemic organisation of the PUT and CUT vowels in these varieties offer certain direct insights into the history of short u that are no longer available in other dialects.

scholarly journals “NEW KHARKIV” AND “GREAT ZAPORIZHZHIA” PROJECTS AS REPRESENTATION OF THE URBAN PLANNING SEARCHES DURING THE PERIOD OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Real Essence

In 1929 there was launched an all-Union public campaign to discuss the prospects for the development of Soviet urban planning, known as the Socialist Settlement Discussion, in the USSR. Its main participants were not only the leading architects and urban planners of the time, but also the highest party and state figures. Under the influence of the urban development ideas arose during the discussion on the problems of socialist displacement, Ukrainian constructive architects have developed master plans for the reconstruction and expansion of residential infrastructure of two industrial centers – Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia. However, the construction projects of “Great Zaporizhzhia” and “New Kharkiv” by I. Malozemov, P. Khaustov and P. Aloshyn were not fully realised as their planning decisions undercut the basic provisions of the existing urban planning policy of the Stalinist leadership. There appeared the idea that the plans of “New Kharkiv” and “Great Zaporizhzhia” by Ukrainian architects were the implementation of author’s view of the ideal model of a socialist town.  Based on the leading ideas of the Soviet avant-garde, the project authors proposed an original architectural and planning concept of development that had nothing to do with the urban planning experience of previous times. However, these architectural proposals were irrelevant in the USSR in the late 1920’s. In the context of Stalin's industrialization, the party apparatus attached secondary importance to housing. As a result, large-scale projects of "New Kharkiv" and "Great Zaporizhzhia" were declared "false". Methodology. In the article we have used the historical and genetic method to determine the genesis of the concept of linear development, to find out the origin of the idea of a housing estate and to reveal the circumstances of the idea of unification of urban infrastructure, embodied by Ukrainian avant-gardists in architectural and planning decisions of “New Kharkiv” and “Great Zaporizhzhia” projects. The comparative method made it possible to determine the inconsistency of the content of the idealistic views of the Soviet constructors with the real essence of Stalin's urban policy. Thanks to the historical and systematic method, we have understood that the objects of urban infrastructure planned in the “New Kharkiv” and “Great Zaporizhzhia” projects had to enter into functional interaction, forming a single urban mechanism. Summary. The beginning of the 20s of the XX century was marked by the emergence of interesting scientific, artistic, architectural projects both in the history of Ukraine and in the history of the whole Soviet Union.  The euphoria of belief in creating a “new” world, building a “just” society for the representatives of all social strata characterized the general sentiment and inspired intellectuals and artists to seek creative work. However, the period of “flirting” of Soviet authorities with the elites was short. Its authoritarian nature, with its actualization to the militarization of the country, left no room for creative initiative and development of individuality. At the beginning of the first five-year schedule, the government decided to abandon the massive construction of comfortable housing for workers. All resources were planned to focus on the construction of heavy industry facilities. Therefore, futuristic projects of “New Kharkiv” and “Great Zaporizhzhia” were rejected because of their inconsistency with the true state urbanistic doctrine of the industrialization period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document