scholarly journals Swallowing the Black Pill: A Qualitative Exploration of Incel Antifeminism within Digital Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Angus Lindsay

<p>This thesis explores the online ‘manosphere’ subculture of Involuntary Celibates (Incels). Incels have been widely discussed in contemporary media in recent years and have been cited as harmful after several mass-murders and attacks have taken place offline. Previous academic research has largely focused on individual-level explanations for Incel mass-murderers, with few studies seeking to uncover the structural determinants of the rise of Incels. This thesis attempts to fill this gap, exploring the subculture’s negotiation with the changing features of contemporary society. The study utilised internet-based qualitative research methods over a period of three-months to collect data on two Incel forums: r/Braincels and Incels.co. The data was then interpreted through thematic analysis within a constructivist grounded theory approach. The research found that Incels negotiate their anxieties of a rapidly changing globalised world with a sense of victimisation and ‘aggrieved entitlement’ through a worldview that understands society as set up to economically, socially, and sexually favour women. It was also found that through such a sense of entitlement, Incels conceive of a hetero-patriarchal racial caste-system that relies on uncritical readings of selected biological and evolutionary psychological studies. This worldview is known as the ‘Black Pill’ and is employed to ideologically condition Incels against out-groups. Through a shared mythology of victimisation, the Incel ideology of the Black Pill functions to produce a form of ‘stochastic terrorism’ in which individual users interpret the spectrum of beliefs from enacting online gender-based hate-speech to mass violence in the terrestrial world. This thesis presents understandings that could inform future educational programs in critical literacy skills that aim to dismantle the conceptual apparatus that feeds the ideologically charged hatred of groups like Incels.</p>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Angus Lindsay

<p>This thesis explores the online ‘manosphere’ subculture of Involuntary Celibates (Incels). Incels have been widely discussed in contemporary media in recent years and have been cited as harmful after several mass-murders and attacks have taken place offline. Previous academic research has largely focused on individual-level explanations for Incel mass-murderers, with few studies seeking to uncover the structural determinants of the rise of Incels. This thesis attempts to fill this gap, exploring the subculture’s negotiation with the changing features of contemporary society. The study utilised internet-based qualitative research methods over a period of three-months to collect data on two Incel forums: r/Braincels and Incels.co. The data was then interpreted through thematic analysis within a constructivist grounded theory approach. The research found that Incels negotiate their anxieties of a rapidly changing globalised world with a sense of victimisation and ‘aggrieved entitlement’ through a worldview that understands society as set up to economically, socially, and sexually favour women. It was also found that through such a sense of entitlement, Incels conceive of a hetero-patriarchal racial caste-system that relies on uncritical readings of selected biological and evolutionary psychological studies. This worldview is known as the ‘Black Pill’ and is employed to ideologically condition Incels against out-groups. Through a shared mythology of victimisation, the Incel ideology of the Black Pill functions to produce a form of ‘stochastic terrorism’ in which individual users interpret the spectrum of beliefs from enacting online gender-based hate-speech to mass violence in the terrestrial world. This thesis presents understandings that could inform future educational programs in critical literacy skills that aim to dismantle the conceptual apparatus that feeds the ideologically charged hatred of groups like Incels.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idean Salehyan

This conclusion to the special issue highlights the role of scholars in advancing the public discussion about forced migration. As countries around the world are adopting increasing restrictions on the entry of refugees, academic research can help to dispel some of the myths and apprehensions regarding the risks that forced migration entails. While refugees may be linked to conflict and violence in limited circumstances, the research generally demonstrates that robust international cooperation to manage refugee settlements, provide adequate humanitarian assistance, and integrate refugees into host communities, among other policies, can help to mitigate potential risks. Directions for future research and analysis are also discussed. Forced migration scholars should endeavor to collect more individual-level data; seek to understand factors that exacerbate or reduce security risks associated with cross-border militancy; conduct research on the long-term integration of refugees; and seek to understand the causes and consequences of resettlement and repatriation policies.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjya Chakravarty ◽  
Jyotsna Bhatnagar

Purpose Gender inequality is a critical economic challenge. A need to conceptualize and understand gender-based issues is of utmost importance to frame policies and processes for healthy workplaces. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study attempts to capture the nuances of “gender diversity” issues at the Indian workplace from a grounded theory perspective by highlighting the viewpoints of women leaders and their organizations in the Indian context. Findings The findings reveal certain important themes. Indian organizations which have eliminated stereotyping and sex typing (stereotypical categorization of people according to conventional perceptions of sex) in roles and have implemented gender neutral policies and processes have become preferred employers and achieved better business results. Research limitations/implications The study has proposed a linkage framework (Figure 1) and has suggested ways to understand an organization’s gender imbalance and lack of gender leadership with factors in the micro and macro environment. Organizations may use this model to gain perspective and adapt and invent policies and processes to have more gender diversity at workplace, for sustainable business results. Organizations should deepen their understanding of how “engendering leadership” should be embedded into the macro, micro and meso levels of an organization. Practical implications Organizations that have created gender neutralism by procreating a performance and talent-driven culture find themselves creating positive business results. This was made possible by involving all stakeholders in the efforts to remove and negate gender myths and biases. A false sense of complacency, by creating rules and policies which were never implemented in spirit, proved to be detrimental. Social implications This research attempts to investigate gender diversity’s coherence with the other features of the broader social context. Originality/value To gain perspective of how this phenomenon is manifested in reality in the Indian organizations, the authors conducted a qualitative study to gain deep immersed insights. This research has attempted to contribute and enrich the literature on gender leadership using a grounded theory approach. None of the earlier gender-related studies have applied grounded theory as a methodology.


2018 ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Branwen Bingle

This article recognises the interplay between learners’ understanding of the world and the literature selected for, and read by, children as a result of current curriculum design within the UK. As part of the author’s doctoral study, an extensive review was conducted into the place of children’s literature in the development of socio-cultural constructs; this included an appraisal of the function of published narratives within the development of a national curriculum for English in the UK. The findings of the review detailed here identified that an ideological linkage between the study of literature and the development of sociocultural values resulted from an increased politicisation of the English curriculum, particularly post-2010. Within the social and historical debates, reading was identified as a specific mechanism for transmitting adult-centric ideas around spiritual, moral, social and cultural beliefs. Issues of power and control became emphasised within the review through the exploration of the actions of gatekeepers, including publishers, librarians, teachers and even politicians, as they attempted to define a preferred canon of literature for study. Throughout the wider literature, contemporary political discourse seemingly argued for dominance over and marginalisation of different factions of society without acknowledging the implicit and explicit bias found within. The review concluded that educators have a responsibility to teach critical literacy skills to enable young readers to negotiate the ideologies being presented to them, but, in the view of this author, this is only possible if teachers enable learners to interrogate for themselves the literature chosen as resources for the classroom. Key words: Children’s Literature, Curriculum, Ideology, Power, Reading   Resumen El siguiente artículo trata de la interacción entre la comprensión del mundo por parte de los aprendices y la literatura seleccionada para y leída por el alumnado como resultado del actual diseño curricular en Reino Unido. Como parte de la tesis doctoral de la autora, se llevó a cabo una revisión extensiva sobre el lugar de la literatura infantil en el desarrollo de los constructos socioculturales. Esto incluye una valoración de la función de las narrativas publicadas sobre el desarrollo de un currículum nacional para el inglés en Reino Unido. Los hallazgos de la revisión que se incluyen aquí, muestran que hay un vínculo entre el estudio de la literatra y el desarrollo de los valores socioculturales resultado de una politización creciente del currículum inglés, particularmente a partir de 2010. Entre los debates sociales e históricos, la lectura ha sido identificada como un mecanismo para transmitir ideas adultocéntricas sobre creencias espirituales, morales, sociales y culturales. Los problemas del poder y el control se enfatizan en la investigación a través de la exploración de las acciones de las agencias, incluyendo editoriales, personal de bibliotecas, docentes e, incluso, políticos, ya que intentan definir un canon literario preferido para su estudio. A través de una amplia literatura, el discurso político contemporáneo, aparentemente, ha defendido la dominación y la marginación de diferentes facciones de la sociedad sin tener presente el sesgo implícito y explícito que conlleva. La revisión concluye que los educadores y educadoras tienen una responsabilidad a la hora de enseñar destrezas de lectura crítica para permitir a los y las jóvenes lectores y lectoras negociar las ideologías que se les presentan. Pero desde el punto de vista de la autora, esto es solo posible si los docentes permiten al alumnado interrogar por ellos mismos la literatura que se escoge como recurso en el aula. Palabras clave: Literatura infantil, Currículo, Ideología, Poder, Lectura   Resum Aquest article tracta la interacció entre la comprensió del món per part dels aprenents i la literatura seleccionada per i llegida per infants, com  a resultat de l’actual disseny del currículum a Regne Unit. Com a part de la tesi doctoral de l’autora, es va dur a terme una revisió extensiva al voltant del lloc de la literatura infantil en el desenvolupament dels constructes socioculturals. Açò inclou una valoració de la funció de les narratives publicades entorn del desenvolupament d’un currículum nacional per a l’anglés a Regne Unit. Les troballes en la revisió detallades ací, identifiquen que hi ha un vincle entre l’estudi de la literatura i el desenvolupament dels valors socioculturals resultat d’una politització creixent del currículum anglés, particularment després de 2010. Entre els debats socials i històrics, la lectura ha sigut identificada com a un mecanisme per transmetre idees adultocèntriques sobre creences espirituals, morals, socials i culturals. Els problemes del poder i el control s’emfatitzen en la investigació a través de l’exploració de les accions de les agències, incloent editorials, personal de biblioteques, docents i fins i tot polítics, en tant que intenten de definir un cànon literari preferit per al seu estudi. A través d’una àmplia literatura, el discurs polític contemporani, aparentment, ha defensat la dominació i la marginalització de diferents faccions de la societat sense tindre present el biaix implícit i explícit que s’hi troba. La revisió conclou que els i les educadors i educadores tenen una responsabilitat per a ensenyar destreses de lectura crítica per tal de permetre als i les joves lectors i lectores negociar les ideologies que se’ls hi presenten; açò però, des del punt de vista de l’autora, és només possible si els docents permeten a l’alumnat contestar per ells mateixos la literatura que es tria com a recurs a l’aula. Paraules clau: Literatura infantil, Currículum, Ideologia, Poder, Lectura.


2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorayne Robertson ◽  
Janette Hughes

This paper outlines a four-year study of a preservice education course based on a socioconstructivist research framework. The preservice English Language Arts course focuses on critical literacy and teaching for social justice while employing digital technologies.The research study examines two concepts across all aspects of the course: 1) new literacies and multiliteracies; and 2) technology-supported transformative pedagogy for social and educational change. While the authors originally undertook the study to evaluate separate assignments of the course, the lens of the two themes has provided an opportunity for a scholarly review of their teaching practices. Research data include three course assignments over a 2-year period; an open-ended survey; and focus group and individual interviews with pre-service teachers. The authors discuss some of the affordances, challenges, and learnings associated with preparing teachers to teach critical literacy in a digital age. They also consider the development of critical literacy skills which encourage preservice teachers to bring their literacy histories and assumptions to the surface, examine them critically, and consider social justice alternatives.


Author(s):  
MaryAnn Christison ◽  
Denise E. Murray

The most common definition of literacy is the ability to read and write. However, for teachers working with multilingual learners, the development of literacy skills is much more complex than this simple definition would suggest. Notions of literacy in the 21st century have evolved in response to a number of societal changes, such as globalization, large-scale human migration, and advances in digital technologies. This chapter considers how these societal changes have influenced conceptions and practices of literacy. It provides a brief overview of some important theoretical considerations that inform understandings of literacy development for multilingual learners, including critical literacy, multiliteracies, multimodal literacy, and translanguaging, and explores current conceptions of literacy to help second and foreign language (SFL) teachers better understand how to meet the literacy needs of multilingual learners in the 21st century, offering practical suggestions for teaching from a multiliteracies perspective.


Author(s):  
Kjersti Lohne

The figure of the victim is the sine qua non of the fight against impunity for international crimes. Engaging the victimological imagination of international criminal justice, the chapter shows how victims are represented, and how justice for victims is imagined. The first part focuses on imaginations of ‘justice for victims’, and argues that the ICC represents a form of hybrid justice by incorporating ‘restorative’ and ‘transformative’ rationales for justice. Unlike ordinary courts, the ICC incorporates what can be thought of as both ‘punitive’ and ‘reparative’ arms. Part of the latter is the Rome Statute’s provisions for victims’ rights to participation and reparation. However, a closer look at the implementation of these processes reveal a conspicuous discrepancy between ideologies and realities. The second part of the chapter situates victims as a source of moral authority, and one that is claimed in representational practices by both human rights NGOs and international criminal justice generally. The chapter explores suffering as a type of ‘currency’, both on an individual level for victims’ advocates, as their source of ‘purpose’, and on a broader cultural level as the source of ‘global’ moral outcry. The chapter demonstrates how the victim is culturally represented through imaginations from the global North and becomes universalized as a symbol of humanity, of which the gendered and racialized victim of sexual and gender-based violence provides particularly powerful victim imagery. In this way, the image of the victim of international crimes is characterized by her essential ‘otherness’: it is humanity that suffers.


Author(s):  
Rachana Johri

Globalizing cities in India offer the promise of escape from caste- and gender-based identities, but those who make the journey often encounter difficulties, including the fragmentation of their home experience, and even violence once they get to the city. Lower-middle-class girls are seen as a challenge to ideals of chaste Indian womanhood, while Dalit boys and girls are challenging dominant ideals in Brahmanical India by questioning the nation state and its inherited ideals, including the caste system. This paper draws on cinematic and lived narratives to argue that cities in India are characterized by highly contested spaces, bodily practices, and technologies of the self, where the body of the city, and bodies in the city, are the lived realities of these tense negotiations.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document