scholarly journals Toward an Early Start for Head Start Children: Evidence from a Literacy Enrichment Starting at Age Three

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 255-271
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Head Start Program ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Head Start Children ◽  
Comprehensive Literacy ◽  
Literacy Performance ◽  
One Year ◽  
Educational Variables ◽  
Literacy Enrichment

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of providing comprehensive literacy instruction to preschool children starting at age three. The literacy development in two groups of four-year-old children (N = 1320) was compared during their enrollment in a literacy-enriched Head Start program. The first group entered the program at age four and participated in the program for only one year (Group 4-1); the second group had previously participated in the program at age three and at the time of the study were in their second year of the program (Group 4-2). Multilevel growth modelling procedures were used to compare literacy performance levels and growth rates between the two groups after controlling for relevant child, family, and educational variables. Results showed that Group 4-2 exhibited significantly higher literacy skills than Group 4-1 at both the beginning and end of the program year, although Group 4-2 had a slower growth rate than Group 4-1 over the program year. The theoretical and practical implications of the study were discussed.

Maxillary Anterior Caries Associated with Increased Caries Risk in Other Primary Teeth

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. O'Sullivan ◽  
N. Tinanoff
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Head Start Children ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

It has been suggested that children with caries of maxillary anterior primary teeth may have increased caries incidence in other teeth. This study aimed to quantify the extent of posterior dental caries in those children who initially presented with maxillary anterior caries compared with that of those who did not. Data were collected for 217 Head Start children participating in a one-year study to determine caries risk factors. Tooth surfaces were recorded as carious, restored, or extracted (missing due to caries). Caries was then categorized into the following pattern(s): maxillary anterior (MA), pit/fissure (PF), posterior proximal (PP), and posterior buccal/lingual smooth surface (BL). Compared with children who did not initially present with the maxillary anterior pattern, those with the maxillary anterior pattern had 2.5 times (p < 0.01) the mean number of posterior decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) and approximately 3 times the prevalence (p < 0.01) of the PP and BL patterns. The positive predictive value of the MA pattern was 86.8% for children who developed the PF pattern, and the negative predictive values were greater than 91% for children who did not develop the PP and BL patterns. The prevalence of maxillary anterior caries among children in this study is associated with a significantly greater caries incidence in posterior teeth.

Analysis of Complexity Preference in Head Start and Nursery School Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal R. Arkes ◽  
A. Wade Boykin
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
School Children ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Head Start Program ◽  
Random Polygons ◽  
Head Start Children ◽  
Lower Complexity ◽  
Complexity Preference ◽  
Start Program

The complexity preference of Head Start and nursery school children was assessed using both familiar geometric forms and random polygons. Before the Head Start program began the Head Start children exhibited a preference for lower complexity with geometric forms than did the nursery school children. After the program there was no difference in complexity preference with these forms. The two groups of children never differed on preference for random polygons.

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