scholarly journals Attention, Distraction and the Distribution of the Senses: “Slow”, “Reflexive” and “Contemplative” between Cinema and the Museum

Panoptikum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 219-245
Author(s):  
Thomas Elsaesser
Keyword(s):  
Moving Image ◽  
Sense Data ◽  
Selective Perception ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Paradoxical Consequence ◽  
Definition Of

A classic definition of attention designates it as “the selective perception of a particular stimulus, sustained by means of concentration and the willing exclusion of interfering sense-data”. In our sense-data rich environments, attention has become a scarce commodity, increasingly valued and sought after, but with the paradoxical consequence that the very pursuit of attention cannot but register as distraction. How do artists confront and art spaces cope with this paradox, and how has the moving image in the museum changed the articulation of time, space and information that is narrative?

Tobacco’s Appeal to the Senses and the Early Modern Smoker’s Still Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
Julia Saviello
Keyword(s):  
Still Life ◽  
Sense Data ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Pipes ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Cut Tobacco ◽  
Selection Of

Smell and taste – of the five senses these are the two most strongly stimulated by smoking tobacco. The article presents an in-depth analysis of the reflection of both these forms of sensory perception in textual and visual sources concerning the early consumption of the herb. In a first step, tobacco’s changing reception, first as medicine and then as stimulant, is traced through the years of its increasing distribution in Europe, starting in the middle of the 16th century. As this overview reveals, at that time the still little known substance gave rise to new forms of sense perception. Following recent studies on smell and gustation, which have stressed the need to take into account the interactions between these senses, the article probes the manifold stimulation of the senses by tobacco with reference to allegorical representations and genre scenes addressing the five senses. The smoking of tobacco was thematized in both of these art forms as a means of visualizing either smell or taste. Yet, these depictions show no indication of any deliberate engagement with the exchange of sense data between mouth and nose. The question posed at the end of this paper is whether this holds true also for early smoker’s still lifes. In the so-called toebakjes or rookertjes, a subgenre of stilllife painting that, like tobacco, was still a novelty at the beginning of the 17th century, various smoking paraphernalia – such as rolled or cut tobacco, pipes and tins – are arrayed with various kinds of foods and drinks. Finally, the article addresses a selection of such smoker’s still lifes, using the toebakje by Pieter Claesz., probably the first of its kind, as a starting point and the work by Georg Flegel as a comparative example. Through their selection of objects, both offer a complex image of how tobacco engages different senses.

In quest of higher dimensions – Superstring Theory and the Calabi – Yau manifolds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjeevan Singha Roy
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Klein Theory ◽  
Relative Notion ◽  
Definition Of

Higher dimensions are impossible to visualize as the size of dimension varies inversely proportional to its level. The more the dimension ranges, the least its size. We are a set of points living in a particular point of space and a particular frame of time. i.e, we live in space-time. The space has more dimensions that meets the human eye. We are living in a world of hyper-space. Our world being a smaller dimension is floating in higher dimensions. The quest for the visually of higher dimensions has been a fantasy to mankind but this aspect of nature is completely locked. We can transform dimensions i.e., from higher to lower dimensions, or from lower to higher dimensions, but only through mathematics. The relative notion of mathematics helps us to do the thing, which is perhaps impossible in the experimental part of physical reality. Humans being an element of 3 Dimensions – length, breath, height can only perceive one higher dimensions, that is space-time. but beyond that the notion of dimension itself changes. The dimensions got curled up in every intersection of the coordinates of space in such a way that the higher dimensions remain stable to us. But in reality it is highly unstable. In the higher dimensions, above 4, the space is tearing apart and joining again spontaneously, but the tearing portion itself covered by 2 dimensional Branes which acts as a stabilizer for the unstable dimensions. Dimensions will get smaller and smaller with the space-time interwoven in it. But at Planks length that is 10^-33 meter, the notion of space-time itself breaks down thereby making impossible for the higher dimensions to coexist along with space. Without space, there will be no identity of any dimension. The space itself is the fabric for the milestone of residing higher dimensions. Imagine our room, which is 3 dimensional. But what is there inside the room. The space and of course the time. Space-time being a totally separate entity is not quite separate when compared with other dimensions because it makes the residing place for the higher dimensions or the hyperspace itself. We all are confined within a lower dimensional world within a randomness of higher dimensions. Time being alike like space is an arrow which has the capability of slicing space into different forms. Thereby taking a snapshot of our every nano-second we vibrate within space-time. As each slice of time represents each slice of space, similarly each slice of space represents each slice of time. The nature of space-time is beyond human consciousness. It is the identity by which we breathe, we play, we survive. It is the whole localization of species that encompasses itself with space thereby making space-time a relative quantity depending upon the reference frame. The only thing that can encompass space-time or even change the relative definition of space-time is the speed, the speed far beyond the speed of light. The more the speed, the less the array of time flows. Space-time being an invisible entity makes the other dimensions visible residing in it only into the level of 3, that is l, b, h. After that there is a infamous structure formed by the curling of higher dimensions called CALABI-YAU manifold. This manifold depicts the usual nature of the dimensional quadrants of the higher order by containing a number of small spherical spheres inside it. The mathematics of string theory is still unable to solve the genus and the containing spheres of the manifold which can be the ultimate quest for the hidden dimensions. Hidden, as, the higher dimensions are hidden from human perspective of macro level but if we probe deeper into the fabric of the space-time of General Relativity then we will find the 5th dimension according to the Kaluza-Klein theory. And if we probe even deeper into it at the perspective of string theory we will be amazed to see the real nature of quantum world. They are so marvelously beautiful, they contain so many forms of higher dimensions ranging from 6 to 10. And even many more of that, but we are still not sure about it where they may exist in a ghost state. After all, the quantum nature is far more beautiful that one can even imagine with a full faze of weirdness.

scholarly journals Moving Heat Source Reconstruction from Cauchy Boundary Data: The Cartesian Coordinates Case

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilson C. Roberty ◽  
Denis M. de Sousa ◽  
Marcelo L. S. Rainha
Keyword(s):  
Helmholtz Equation ◽  
Boundary Data ◽  
Representation Formula ◽  
Transient Heat Conduction ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Source Reconstruction ◽  
Modified Helmholtz Equation ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Characteristic Interval

We consider the problem of reconstruction of an unknown characteristic interval and block transient thermal source inside a domain. By exploring the definition of an Extended Dirichlet to Neumann map in the time space cylinder that has been introduced in Roberty and Rainha (2010a), we can treat the problem with methods similar to that used in the analysis of the stationary source reconstruction problem. Further, the finite differenceθ-scheme applied to the transient heat conduction equation leads to a model based on a sequence of modified Helmholtz equation solutions. For each modified Helmholtz equation the characteristic interval and parallelepiped source function may be reconstructed uniquely from the Cauchy boundary data. Using representation formula we establish reciprocity functional mapping functions that are solutions of the modified Helmholtz equation to their integral in the unknown characteristic support. Numerical experiment for capture of an interval and an rectangular parallelepiped characteristic source inside a cubic box domain from boundary data are presented in threedimensional and one-dimensional implementations. The problem of centroid determination is addressed and questions are discussed from an computational points of view.

What is Psychology?

1859 ◽  
Vol 6 (31) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Bushnan
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
General Character ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Moral Certainty ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Physiology is co-extensive with organic nature. Organic nature is wholly composed of individuals, comprising the two great kingdoms of plants and animals. A unity of structure pervades the whole of this wide field of nature; and this unity is a great principle, applicable to the determination of truth in the investigation of this part of knowledge. Every individual in organic nature is a system made up of reciprocally dependent and connected parts. The objects of investigation in physiology are phenomena, organs, and principles. The study of phenomena stands first in order; but while it must essentially be first cultivated and advanced, in the ulterior stages of its progress it gains continually fresh additions from the progress made in the knowledge of organs and principles. That phenomena attract attention before organs, is manifest on the slightest consideration. Thus the phenomena of locomotion were familiar to mankind long before the part taken by the muscular flesh in locomotion was discovered. To this moment it is far more certain that absorption takes place throughout the animal body, than what the organs are by which that office is performed. And it would be easy to multiply examples of the same kind, not-withstanding that there are some phenomena of the human body—such as those connected with the sense of sight, the sense of hearing, and other senses—the organs concerned in which must have been known, in a general manner, almost as soon as the earliest phenomena in which they are concerned. Principles, in their larger sense, take their place subsequently to the study of organs; yet, as referring to the more common genera of phenomena, these must also have had their rise almost coeval with the observation of phenomena. Thus the grouping of colours, sounds, smells, and tastes together, under the name of qualities derived from sense, must have been a very early and universal generalization. Nevertheless, it will, I think, be conceded, after these examples, that the study of phenomena is of a more elementary character in physiology, than the study of organs and principles; and, therefore, in the difficult parts of any physiological subject, that more progress is likely to be made by the study of phenomena, than by the study of organs and principles. But before proceeding further, it may be desirable to give some examples of physiological phenomena:—the alternation of sleep and waking; of hunger and satiety; thirst; the effect of drink; breathing; the exercise of the senses, and trains of thought; the various kinds of locomotion, walking, running, leaping, dancing. Here a question naturally arises—if trains of thought be physiological phenomena, does not all human knowledge fall within the definition of physiological phenomena? If the human race were not yet called into being, neither would human knowledge, it is true, have any existence in the world. And, it is doubtless true, under one point of view, that all that man has discovered; all that he has recorded; all the changes which he has made upon the earth since his first creation—are the effects of his physiological nature. But to place all knowledge under the head of physiology would be to defeat the very end of methodical arrangement, to which the progress of knowledge is so largely indebted. Nor is it difficult to mark out at least the general character of the boundaries within which physiology, in the largest sense in which it is convenient to accept it, should be circumscribed. Let us take as an example man's susceptibility of locomotion. It is a sufficient illustration of the physiology of locomotion to point out, that every man without any extraordinary effort learns to walk, run, hop, leap, climb; but there is at least a manifest convenience in separating such more difficult acquisitions as dancing, skating, writing, from the order of physiological phenomena, and placing each in a department by itself, as subject to its own rules. So also it is at least a convenience to consider painting and music as separate departments of study, and not merely as physiological phenomena, falling under the senses of sight and of hearing. It may be supposed to be a matter of the like convenience, to separate from physiology all the phenomena which enter into what are commonly called trains of thought; that is nearly all that comes under the head of psychology, in its most appropriate extent of signification. But several objections will readily occur to such a mutilation of physiology. In particular, it is objectionable, because, as was already hinted, the phenomenal departments of physiology, though the first to take a start, are often much augmented by the subsequent study of the organs concerned; and, more so that, since psychology, disjoined from physiology, and limited to one mode of culture, namely, by reflexion on the subjects of consciousness, were psychology thrown out from physiology, the probable advantages from the study of the organs concerned in the mental processes, and the other modes of culture, admissible in physiological enquiry, would be lost. If it be said that psychology proper rejects all evidence, except the evidence of consciousness, on no other ground, but because of the uncertainty of every other source of evidence—the answer is, that in those sciences which have made most progress, possibility, probability, and moral certainty have always been admitted as sufficient interim grounds for the prosecution of such inquiries as have finally, though at first leading to inexact conclusions, opened the way to the attainment of the most important truths; and that psychology, by the over-rigidness of its rules of investigation, has plainly fallen behind sciences, in advance of which it at one time stood in its progress.

International Logistics of Spaces and Boundaries: Basic Aspects of Concept, Mission, Goals, Objectives, Functions, Integrated Logic, Principles and Methods Formation

Upravlenie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Воронов ◽  
A. Voronov ◽  
Воронов ◽  
V. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
Kinetic Processes ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Integrated Logic ◽  
Definition Of

The authors propose to make more precise and update scientific views, methodological and practical approaches to logistics based on their expertise and performed scientific research. The definition of logistics has been augmented and expanded through the unity of transport and chronometric (kinetic) processes of substances, energy and impulsive moment transferring in time, space and socio-economic environments. Has been updated the concept of international logistics, its mission and main objectives have been specified and supplemented. Challenges of international logistics have been systematized in the following main directions: forecasting, designing, selection, planning, development, organization, maintenance and support, impeccable management, control, formation, exchange, overcoming, utilization, assistance and supply. An integrated logic, principles and methods for international logistics of spaces and boundaries have been formulated. A structure of methodology for providing of logistics services for foreign economic activity participants has been presented.

scholarly journals THE UNIQUENESS OF THE CHRONOTOPOS IN THE NOVEL BY MAX KIDRUK “WHERE GOD IS NOT PRESENT”

2019 ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
O. A. Ogulchanska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Character Building ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the uniqueness of the chronotopos in the novel by Max Kidruk “Where God is not present”. The research of leading scholars in various fields of science, such as M. Bakhtin, N. Kopistyanska, A. Temirbolat, O. Chicheryn, O. Ukhtomskyi and others, was dedicated to the problems of the time-spatial organization of the artistic text. The analyzed novel of the famous and popular modern Ukrainian writer has recently been published and has not yet been the subject of literary research. The main events in the work take place on the mountain summit in the array of Gasherbrum - Gasherbrum VI, where “Boeing 777” has crushed. Various time-space planes are harmoniously interwoven in the novel, due to the introduction of retrospections of different plans to the text. This contributes not only to the expansion of time-space coordinates, but also allows to use multidimensional analysis of the psychological portrait of the characters. While investigating the time and space of the novel, we rely on N. Kopistyanska's idea that space is not only a place and a background of action; it is the vector that influences the formation of the character, moral properties of the individual. During the analysis of the chronotopos of the novel “Where God is not present”, attention is focused on the character-building function of one's or another's space, which is one of the important means of psychologization. The psychological space of characters and their relationship with the outside is analyzed. The titles of the sections of the novel “Where God is not present” point to spatial boundaries, where chronological events will take place: “Airport”, “Airplane”, “Mountain”. The chronotopos of each section is expanded by the introduction of retrospectives. The writer uses various forms of time specification, such as: the exact definition of cyclic coordinates (indication of seasons, time of day, hours, minutes) and indication of the years in which events occur. In the novel, various countries, cities (Beijing, the Netherlands, Dubai, Sweden, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Moscow, etc.) are mentioned spontaneously.

scholarly journals Of Other Places: The Garden as a Heterotopic Site in Contemporary Art

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Melanie Dana Nakaue
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Found Objects ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Site

According to Michel Foucault, a heterotopia is a site where the differentiation between a location and its temporality is related to theoretical and societal concerns that challenge the notion of history, location, and subjectivity. Contemporary artists such as Stan Douglas and Hew Locke utilize the garden as heterotopic space for intervention in their work in order to investigate and challenge linear notions of time, space and subjectivity. Stan Douglas examines the historical and social underpinnings of the community gardens in early nineteenth century Northern Europe, otherwise known as the potsdamer schrebergärten, and recreates the tableau of the garden in his piece, Der Sandman. Similarly, artist Hew Locke draws upon the art of the topiary and creates an assemblage topiary sculpture, titled Black Queen, where found objects are utilized to recontextualize the concept of the garden topiary as a site of a postcolonial experience. This article investigates the way that nature, in this case the garden, is utilized and represented in contemporary art. By analyzing and applying Foucault’s lecture, “Of Other Spaces” and definition of heterotopias to the work of artists such as Douglas and Locke, the paper aims to illuminate the connection between site and subjectivity, and the multiplicity of meaning that results from the garden as being the quintessential site of postmodern experience.

scholarly journals Performance Pedagogy: Performing Fluxus Pedagogy in a Contemporary Lithuanian Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 152-163
Author(s):  
Marija Griniuk
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Art ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Practice Performance ◽  
Performance Pedagogy ◽  
Guest Lecturer ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reflexive Analysis ◽  
Archive Material

Educators practice performance pedagogy as the method where an educator/facilitator is seen as a performer or actor (Pineau 1994, p. 4). This paper presents an analysis of the historical roots of performance pedagogies in Fluxus pedagogies and performance pedagogy practices within participatory art events in Lithuania as exemplified by festivals AN88 (1988) and AN89 (1989). The case of my research rests on the contemporary implementation of performance pedagogy techniques during the course The Temporary Department of Time, Space, and Action for BA students at the Vilnius Academy of Arts in Lithuania. This research aims to define the concept theories within performance pedagogy in the art academy education, which developed behind the terms Human Semiotics (Andersen 2002), Hyper Performer,1 and InterMedia (Higgins 1984). This project was implemented using the strategy of critical utopian action research in the context of the Vilnius Academy of Arts. The empirical material was gathered during my employment as a guest lecturer and the implementation of my pedagogical internship at the Vilnius Academy of Arts.2These concept theories are defined through. a reflexive analysis of archive material on the historical origin of performance pedagogies, originating in Fluxus pedagogies, local Lithuanian participatory art, and data from the contemporary case of my project The Temporary Department of Time, Space and Action (2018), in the form of archive material, photographs, interviews, observations, notes, and my diary. The results of this research are the application of performance pedagogy concepts and terminology to the art and education projects and the definition of the key concept theories within this field. These results can be useful for artists and those practicing university pedagogy.

Fundamentals of Multisensory Experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Carlos Velasco ◽  
Marianna Obrist
Keyword(s):  
Research Fields ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Definition Of

What is an ‘experience’, and what role do the senses play in our experiences? Is it possible to design specific experiences with the senses in mind? These questions have fascinated generations of philosophers, scientists, artists, and, increasingly, technologists. This chapter describes the fundamentals of multisensory experiences and presents our own definition of this concept. In this chapter, a group of experts in different research fields and industries shares their understanding of experiences and the role of the senses in them. Finally, the chapter presents key concepts about the senses and how to consider them when shaping experiences.

scholarly journals What is Psychology?

1859 ◽  
Vol 6 (31) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Bushnan
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
General Character ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Moral Certainty ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Physiology is co-extensive with organic nature. Organic nature is wholly composed of individuals, comprising the two great kingdoms of plants and animals. A unity of structure pervades the whole of this wide field of nature; and this unity is a great principle, applicable to the determination of truth in the investigation of this part of knowledge. Every individual in organic nature is a system made up of reciprocally dependent and connected parts. The objects of investigation in physiology are phenomena, organs, and principles. The study of phenomena stands first in order; but while it must essentially be first cultivated and advanced, in the ulterior stages of its progress it gains continually fresh additions from the progress made in the knowledge of organs and principles. That phenomena attract attention before organs, is manifest on the slightest consideration. Thus the phenomena of locomotion were familiar to mankind long before the part taken by the muscular flesh in locomotion was discovered. To this moment it is far more certain that absorption takes place throughout the animal body, than what the organs are by which that office is performed. And it would be easy to multiply examples of the same kind, not-withstanding that there are some phenomena of the human body—such as those connected with the sense of sight, the sense of hearing, and other senses—the organs concerned in which must have been known, in a general manner, almost as soon as the earliest phenomena in which they are concerned. Principles, in their larger sense, take their place subsequently to the study of organs; yet, as referring to the more common genera of phenomena, these must also have had their rise almost coeval with the observation of phenomena. Thus the grouping of colours, sounds, smells, and tastes together, under the name of qualities derived from sense, must have been a very early and universal generalization. Nevertheless, it will, I think, be conceded, after these examples, that the study of phenomena is of a more elementary character in physiology, than the study of organs and principles; and, therefore, in the difficult parts of any physiological subject, that more progress is likely to be made by the study of phenomena, than by the study of organs and principles. But before proceeding further, it may be desirable to give some examples of physiological phenomena:—the alternation of sleep and waking; of hunger and satiety; thirst; the effect of drink; breathing; the exercise of the senses, and trains of thought; the various kinds of locomotion, walking, running, leaping, dancing. Here a question naturally arises—if trains of thought be physiological phenomena, does not all human knowledge fall within the definition of physiological phenomena? If the human race were not yet called into being, neither would human knowledge, it is true, have any existence in the world. And, it is doubtless true, under one point of view, that all that man has discovered; all that he has recorded; all the changes which he has made upon the earth since his first creation—are the effects of his physiological nature. But to place all knowledge under the head of physiology would be to defeat the very end of methodical arrangement, to which the progress of knowledge is so largely indebted. Nor is it difficult to mark out at least the general character of the boundaries within which physiology, in the largest sense in which it is convenient to accept it, should be circumscribed. Let us take as an example man's susceptibility of locomotion. It is a sufficient illustration of the physiology of locomotion to point out, that every man without any extraordinary effort learns to walk, run, hop, leap, climb; but there is at least a manifest convenience in separating such more difficult acquisitions as dancing, skating, writing, from the order of physiological phenomena, and placing each in a department by itself, as subject to its own rules. So also it is at least a convenience to consider painting and music as separate departments of study, and not merely as physiological phenomena, falling under the senses of sight and of hearing. It may be supposed to be a matter of the like convenience, to separate from physiology all the phenomena which enter into what are commonly called trains of thought; that is nearly all that comes under the head of psychology, in its most appropriate extent of signification. But several objections will readily occur to such a mutilation of physiology. In particular, it is objectionable, because, as was already hinted, the phenomenal departments of physiology, though the first to take a start, are often much augmented by the subsequent study of the organs concerned; and, more so that, since psychology, disjoined from physiology, and limited to one mode of culture, namely, by reflexion on the subjects of consciousness, were psychology thrown out from physiology, the probable advantages from the study of the organs concerned in the mental processes, and the other modes of culture, admissible in physiological enquiry, would be lost. If it be said that psychology proper rejects all evidence, except the evidence of consciousness, on no other ground, but because of the uncertainty of every other source of evidence—the answer is, that in those sciences which have made most progress, possibility, probability, and moral certainty have always been admitted as sufficient interim grounds for the prosecution of such inquiries as have finally, though at first leading to inexact conclusions, opened the way to the attainment of the most important truths; and that psychology, by the over-rigidness of its rules of investigation, has plainly fallen behind sciences, in advance of which it at one time stood in its progress.

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