FEATURES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF KARACHAY GOATS DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF BREEDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
М.I. SELIONOVA ◽  
◽  
Т.V. МАМОNTOVA ◽  
А.–М.М. AYBAZOV
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Zone ◽  
Goat Population

In recent years, goat breeds with a dairy-meat-wool or combined productivity type, represented by local breeds that are bred mainly in the foothills and mountainous regions of the North Caucasus, Altai, Tyva and Khakassia, have become increasingly widespread in Russia. The Karachay goat population is the most interesting for research, since in their breeding was aimed at obtaining animals with a number of unique productive characteristics and capable of producing the required outputs under the harsh conditions of the mountain and foothill zones of the Caucasus. In view of the limited research on these animals, in particular their reproductive functions, the aim of this study was to investigate the natural implementation of the reproductive function of the Karachay goats in different geographical areas of breeding. There are slight differences in some parameters of Karachay goat reproduction in high mountain zone (from 2000 m a.s.l.) and middle mountain zone (1000–1500 m a.s.l.). An important conclusion is that the recognized low fertility of the Karachay goats is not genetically determined. Analyzing the number of ovulations and fresh yellow bodies in the ovaries by laparoscopy using Karl Storz (Germany) endoscopic equipment, the authors found a potential fecundity of 3.1 (2.8 to 3.4).

scholarly journals Monument Boundary Definition and Exploration Pits at the Krasnyy Vostok Site in the River Kuma Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Субботин
Keyword(s):  
Western Slope ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Boundary Definition ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Stone Walls

В статье излагаются результаты инструментальной съемки и шурфовки на раннесредневековом городище, выявленном в начале 1970-х гг. Х. Х. Биджиевым. Городище и связанное с ним селище занимают высокое мысовое плато над каньоном левого берега р. Кумы в Карачаево-Черкесии. Площадь укрепленного городища – 4 га, селища – немногим меньше. С трех сторон городище абсолютно неприступно, с четвертой, западной, надежно защищено высоким валом и глубоким рвом. На городище и селище зафиксирован ряд западин, которые, скорее всего, являются заросшими остатками построек. Содержимое шести шурфов – каменные развалы фундаментов (?) строений и фрагменты сосудов. Керамика может быть датирована VII–X вв. н. э. Памятник являлся одним из звеньев в цепи достаточно известных (несколько десятков) укрепленных крепостей данного времени в предгорьях и горах Северного Кавказа. Строительство сети сложных оборонительных сооружений свидетельствует о высокой строительной культуре и социальной дифференциации общества в это время. The article presents the results of instrumental surveys and pitting at an early medieval site, identified in the early 1970s by Kh.Kh. Bidzhiev. The investigated site and the settlement associated with it occupy a high cape plateau above the canyon of the left bank of the river Kuma in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The object of study is located in 2.4 km south-west of the southern outskirts of the village Krasnovostochny. The area of the fortified site is 4 hectares, the area of the settlement is slightly less. On three sides, this site is absolutely impregnable. On the forth western side,on its western slope, it is reliably protected by a rampart of up to 6 to 7 m high and a moat of1 to 2 m deep. On the outside of the southern part of the rampart, a small outcrop of masonry constructed of the large blocks of limestone formed in the dry stone wall was discovered. The gates to the site were most likely located on the northern side of the rampart, in the place where a slight decrease was discovered, not at the southern end of the rampart (according to Bidzhiev) because no sign of an entrance was found there. The site revealed several shallow depressions of a sub-square, sub-rectangular or oval shape with a noticeable roller along the contour. There are at least 7 such depressions in the sectional area from 8 to 15 m. Probably, these depressions are the overgrown remains of the foundations of some buildings in the central part of the site. The content of 6 pits made on the territory of the site and the settlement are stone remains of the foundations (?) of ancient buildings and fragments of vessels. The collection of ceramics consists of medium-sized fragments of the walls of pottery (?) vessels, or vessels that are corrected on a wheel. The ceramics are diverse in the color of clay, density of the paste, firing, and impurities. According to the character, paste and collar shapes, ceramics can be dated to the last third of the 1st millennium AD, which does not contradict the opinion of the site’s discoverer on this issue (7th to 10th cent. AD). The examined site was one of the links in the main chain of fairly widely known (several dozen) fortified stone fortresses of this time in the foothills and mountains of the North Caucasus. Specialists know more than 130 similar stone sites, sometimes located in groups in the foothills and mountainous regions: settlements with defensive stone walls. Such small fortresses were built every 2 to 3 km along the tip of the cape above the river. The construction of a network of complex defensive structures indicates a high building culture and a social differentiation of society at the time.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOGENIC IMPACT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DANGEROUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-450
Author(s):  
Irina Malneva ◽  
Nina Kononova ◽  
Muhtar Hadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Operational Forecasts

The article presents an assessment of technogenic impact on the development of hazardous geological processes in the mountainous regions of the Northern Caucasus in the current century. Technogenic impact is determined by the stability of rock formations that make up the Krasnodar Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria, and North Ossetia relative to the impacts of other forces. It is also noted that the activity of hazardous geological processes is largely determined by the interaction of climatic conditions, which determine their speed, and technogenesis. Examples of problematic territories of the North Caucasus are given. To assess climatic changes and major catastrophes, a typology of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere was developed under the leadership of B.L. Dzerdzeevsky. Typification materials from the period between 1899 and 2018 are posted in the public domain, at www.atmospheric-circulation.ru. The largest catastrophes, in which landslides and mudflows became more active, and the interaction of natural and man-made factors in these disasters are considered.Hazardous geological processes can disrupt the sustainable development of individual regions with their negative impact on the environment. The assessment of their danger is therefore of special current relevance. The article considers the possibility of predicting catastrophes associated with these processes. Long-term forecasts of landslides, mudflows and other processes continue to be important. The methodology of such forecasting was previously developed in sufficient detail. The greatest importance is assigned to operational forecasts that will make it possible to warn of possible danger hours or even days ahead.

BIRCH FORESTS WITH RHODODENDRON CAUCASICUM (ERICACEAE) IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN PART OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
D.S. Kessel ◽  
◽  
M.G. Gadzhiataev ◽  
Z.I. Abdurakhmanova ◽  
K.V. Shchukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Birch Forests

Birch forests from Betula litwinowii and Betula raddeana of the Northern macroslope of the Greater Caucasus with participation of Rhododendron caucasicum in the undergrowth are discussed in the article. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 at the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia (Teberda State Natural Biosphere Reserve), Kabardino-Balkaria (Kabardino-Balkarian State High Mountain Reserve) and the Republic of Dagestan (Lak and Gunib districts, near the villages Burshi and Batsada). The characteristics of the growing conditions, analysis of the species and coenotic composition of communities are given. Birch forests with Rh. caucasicum are usually confined to the steep slopes of the northern exposure at the upper border of the forest belt, at an altitude of 1500–2800 m above sea level. The described communities can be divided into two groups depending on abundance and, consequently, influence Rh. caucasicum as an edificator. In the described communities there is a clear inverse correlation between the abundance of Rh. caucasicum with the projective cover of the grass-dwarf shrub layer. At the same time, the number of species in the grass-dwarf shrub layer doesn’t change significantly. The species composition of birch forests with the participation of Rh. caucasicum identified by us comprises 246 species of vascular plants. The herb-dwarf shrub layer is characterized by a relatively low species richness (on average, 26 species per sample plot). In these communities there are both characteristic forest species and representatives of subal-pine and, less often, alpine coenoses. Further study of communities of birch forests, which play sig-nificant water protection role, slope-holding and avalanche-barrier functions, is important for determining their current state, possible directions of changes, and assessing the need for protective measures in different regions.

Relationship Between the Number of Days with Thunderstorms and the Duration of Thunderstorms According to Visual and Instrumental Observations

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
A.H. Adzhiev ◽  
G.V. Kupovykh ◽  
R.A. Gyatov ◽  
Z.M. Kerefova
Keyword(s):  
Observation Point ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

For study the relationship between number of days with a thunderstorm recorded by weather stations and duration of thunderstorms in hours for these days, instrumental observations of the thunder direction-finding network of High-Mountain Geophysical Institute were used. We used data on thunderstorms in the North Caucasus for a long-term observation period in 2008-2019. Based on these data, they are grouped for various territories for analysis: the number of days with thunderstorms per month, per year, and the duration of thunderstorms per month and per year. A correlation analysis was performed between the number of days with thunderstorms and the duration of thunder-storms in hours according to LS 800 data. Thus, the dependence of the number of days with thunderstorms on the duration of thunderstorms is clearly traced - with an increase in the number of days with thunderstorms per year, the observation point increases in direct proportion to the duration of thunderstorms per year. With an increase in the number of days with thunderstorms on a given territory by one day, for the month in question, the duration of thunderstorms increases by 3.89 hours.

scholarly journals Proposal of an alternative technology for dairy farming in the North Caucasus

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 01039
Author(s):  
A.B. Baragunov ◽  
E.A. Kushaeva ◽  
M.M. Hamokov ◽  
A.V. Sagatelian
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Alternative Technology ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
The North

The article presents the results of research work in the field of dairy farming. During the study, shortcomings in the technology and technical means of machine milking and primary processing of cow’s milk in the mountainous conditions of farming in the North Caucasus are revealed. The main producers are households, individual entrepreneurs and peasant (farm) households. An alternative technology of machine milking and primary processing of milk with energy-saving technical means of machine milking, manure removal, the use of non-traditional energy sources, assembled into a technological line for milk production is proposed. The results of comparative production tests of a milking machine for operation in foothill and mountainous regions are presented, a characteristic feature of which is operation without breaking the operating mode at elevations above a thousand meters above sea level. The results confirm the advantage of the proposed design in terms of milk excretion rate, productivity, milk quality in terms of fat content, low injury to the milking livestock when using the development. Energy indicators of the advantages of the technology for collecting and utilizing manure with obtaining an additional energy carrier and high-quality organic fertilizer are also given. The proposed technology provides for measures and technical means for the care of the pasture territory in order to exclude violations of the environment and vegetation cover of the rich forbs of the North Caucasian mountain pastures.

scholarly journals Mountain grassland ecosystems on abandoned agricultural terraces (Russia, North Caucasus)

Hacquetia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Raisa Gracheva ◽  
Elena Belonovskaya ◽  
Vera Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Agricultural Terraces ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Grassland

Abstract Terraces represent one of the most common agricultural landscape elements in the mountainous regions of the North Caucasus. In the Central and West Caucasus, most of the arable terraces were converted into grasslands for grazing and haymaking 60-70 years ago and then abandoned or underused during the last 20-25 years. The role of abandoned terraces in maintaining the diversity of grasslands of the mountain slopes was studied in the case of eight terraces of different types. Plant communities of subalpine meadows and meadow steppes were distinguished on the terraces depending mainly on slope steepness at the same altitudes and to a lesser extent on the slope aspect. In general, the grasslands of the terrace platforms and those of original unterraced slopes had similar traits. At that, the mesophilous communities on the rich soils of terrace edges and scarp communities similar to vegetation of steep slopes with eroded soils create regular patterns on the terraced slopes. Thus, former agricultural terraces conditioning geodiversity also contribute to the diversity of plant communities and landscape fragmentation. The current increase of temperature and humidity may lead to a reduction of climatic differences of the slopes, and the further convergence of grassland communities can be assumed.

scholarly journals Environmental and Technological Problems of Rational Use of Secondary Resources for Processing Grapes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M P Bakhmet ◽  
E E Ivanova ◽  
G I Kasianov ◽  
O V Kosenko ◽  
N V Magzumova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
Phenolic Substances

Rational use of grapes processing resources is among environmental problems of AIC of Republics of the North Caucasus and Krasnodar Territory. Currently, waste from grapes processing is not practically used and worsen the ecological state of environment. The research subject is a technology based on the production of cryo-powder from pulp, squeeze, seeds and grapes skin grown in the foothill and mountainous regions. The prerequisites for research were previously performed author works on related topics. The data on vacuum SHF-drying of grape raw materials and subsequent grinding in a cryomiller are given. Modes of preparation of grape raw materials and its subsequent dehydration and cryo-grinding, which provide the possibility of successful use in the dried state in the production technology of wine beverages, are proposed. The principal feature is the use of whole grapes as a raw material, with skin and seeds. Physico-chemical parameters, the content of phenolic substances and organoleptic characteristics of wine beverages made according to the traditional technology and the beverage made from grape cryo-powders are studied. A comparative assessment is made. It is established that vacuum SHF-drying contributes to better preservation of the properties of raw materials and finished products. The organoleptic assessment has shown that wine beverages developed according to the proposed technology had a more intense color and a more pronounced taste of sweetness and acid than traditional wine beverages. The advantage of this technology is the ability to transport grape cryo-powders in unregulated temperature conditions to any point close to the consumer and carry out the production of nutritional food there.

VARIETY FEATURES OF POTATOES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHONE ZONE NOR - ALANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1332
Author(s):  
S.S. Basiev ◽  
◽  
A.K. Abazov ◽  
B.V. Bekmurzov ◽  
A.A. Abaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

Potatoes are a valuable product and are of great national economic importance. In terms of the amount of nutrients per unit area, potatoes occupy one of the first places among plants cultivated by humans. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The solution of almost all problems of the functioning of the agroindustrial complex is focused on ensuring food security. In solving food security in the country and in individual regions, a large role belongs to the development of such an important branch of agro-industrial production as potato growing. The development of this most important industry in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is possible only on the basis of innovative modernization of potato growing. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The area of potato planting in the region reached 35-40 thousand hectares, and at present in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania there are about 1.5-2.0 thousand hectares under this crop. The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of growth, plant development, heat-drought resistance of various varieties of potatoes in the forest-steppe zone of North OssetiaAlania. As a result of three-year research (2018- 2020), it was found that under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia - Alania, such early-maturing varieties as - Udacha, VR808, Gulliver, Riviera form up to 29.8 to 33.4 t / ha of early harvest potato tubers and are the most adapted varieties to local soil and climatic conditions.

Ensuring vehicle safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability

Snow avalanches, mudflows, landslides, rockfalls and other slope phenomena in mountain regions of the world have long been and are now considered powerful natural disasters. In the Caucasus, in the Cordillera, Alps and other mountainous regions of the world, slope phenomena in the form of glacial collapses are extremely catastrophic [1]. To ensure the safety of motor transport in these conditions, the North Caucasus state technical University has developed avalanche protection systems in order to radically reduce human casualties, environmental and socioeconomic damage [2]. In this work, the influence of the cross-section of the highway on the accident rate in mountain traffic conditions and the stability of the roadbed was studied [3, 4]. We offer to provide this goal with the help of the performance properties of the car itself. Keywords: provision, traffic safety, motor transport, natural disaster, mountain region, parameter, avalanche rotection system, vehicle handling and stability

scholarly journals The results of evaluation of the collection of cocksfoot in the Central Chernozem zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Natalia Malysheva ◽  
Elena Gubanova ◽  
Nadezhda Isaeva ◽  
Alexander Gubanov
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
First Year ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Central Chernozem

Cocksfoot is one of the earliest, highly nutritious valuable forage crops, which is widely used in agricultural production. It is relevant in developing varieties adapted to the environmental stress factors that have productive longevity, increased seed and fodder productivity. The paper presents the results of wild cocksfoot accessions conducted on Ekaterininskaya RS in 2017-2019. No accessions of cocksfoot were identified that consistently exceeded the standard grade for all three years of study. Accessions collected in the North Caucasus and Tajikistan and introduced from the Mediterranean region performed well in the first year of life, but by the third year of the life, they significantly reduced all characteristics. The accessions of cocksfoot from the Central Region of the European part of the RF and from the mountainous regions of the Southern Urals are of the greatest interest for breeding in the Central Chernozem zone.

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