scholarly journals PROTECTIVE COLORATION IN ANIMALS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3SE) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Leena Lakhani
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
Protective Coloration ◽  
The World ◽  
Motion Dazzle

Animals have range of defensive markings which helps to the risk of predator detection (camouflage), warn predators of the prey’s unpalatability (aposematism) or fool a predator into mimicry, masquerade. Animals also use colors in advertising, signalling services such as cleaning to animals of other species, to signal sexual status to other members of the same species. Some animals use color to divert attacks by startle (dalmatic behaviour), surprising a predator e.g. witheyespots or other flashes of color or possibly by motion dazzle, confusing a predator attack by moving a bold pattern like zebra stripes. Some animals are colored for physical protection, such as having pigments in the skin to protect against sunburn; some animals can lighten or darken their skin for temperature regulation. This adaptive mechanism is known as protective coloration. After several years of evolution, most animals now achieved the color pattern most suited for their natural habitat and role in the food chains. Animals in the world rely on their coloration for either protection from predators, concealment from prey or sexual selection. In general the purpose of protective coloration is to decrease an organism’s visibility or to alter its appearance to other organisms. Sometimes several forms of protective coloration are superimposed on one animal.

Societal Drivers of Food and Water Systems 1

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-301
Author(s):  
Michael Thompson ◽  
M. Bruce Beck ◽  
Dipak Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
The Core ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Plural Rationality

Food chains interact with the vast, complex, and tangled webs of material flows —nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, water, energy—circling the globe. Cities and households are where those material flows interact with the greatest intensity. At every point within these webs and chains, technologies enable them to function: from bullock-drawn ploughs, to mobile phones, to container ships, to wastewater treatment plants. Drawing on the theory of plural rationality, we show how the production and consumption of food and water in households and societies can be understood as occurring according to four institutionally induced styles: four basic ways of understanding the world and acting within it; four ways of living with one another and with nature. That there are four is due to the theory of plural rationality at the core of this chapter.

Food Power and the Global Supermarket

2018 ◽  
pp. 178-209
Author(s):  
Shane Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Retail Chain ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Corporations ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Global Food

This chapter discusses how U.S. transnational agribusiness corporations demonstrated U.S. farm and food power to the world from the 1960s into the 1980s. In earlier decades of the Farms Race, U.S. farmers were called upon to feed the hungry world as a counter-revolutionary project with a humanitarian veneer. By the late 1970s, politicians and businessmen were increasingly declaring their intent to rewrite the rules of global food production and trade on entirely profit-driven terms. Building on Cold War-inspired modernization and development projects initiated in the 1940s–1960s, U.S.-based transnational agribusinesses in the 1970s–1990s—including the International Basic Economy Corporation (IBEC), the former linseed-oil manufacturer turned global commodities giant Archer Daniels Midland, and the Ozarks-based retail chain Walmart—constructed a world in which private corporations, including supermarkets, emerged as the primary institutional mechanisms for regulating and coordinating global food chains.

scholarly journals Economy of the mexican agriculture sector in times of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rivas-Valencia ◽  
Leonardo Ángel Rosales-Rivas ◽  
Graciela Dolores Ávila-Quezada ◽  
Talina Olivia Martínez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
New Production ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
International Policies ◽  
The World

<p>COVID-19, a pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, changed the production schemes and supply chains in all spheres of the world’s economy. The agricultural sector in Mexico was no exception, although it has been so essential during the pandemic that its growth was higher than the other sectors of the Mexican economy and it stood out as a food supplier in the world in 2020. Farmers’ vocations and the integration of productive food chains led to a surplus of 1.2 billion dollars, with an annual increase of 39.92%. The pandemic is a challenge and an opportunity for the Mexican countryside in terms of digital and technological innovation derived from border investigation. However, it is crucial to establish public agricultural planning policies to help optimize this area of opportunity by focusing on new production and national and international trade models, responding efficiently to national visions to benefit  producers-consumers and guaranteeing food security in the framework of the UN’s international policies for sustainable development, the IPCC’s reduction of climate impact and ensuring human health by the WHO.</p>

Exploration, Collection and Characterization of Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Boiss. Fedtsch.) Germplasm from North-Western Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Anwar Khan ◽  
Suhail Altaf ◽  
Safoora Shafi ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Waseem Ali Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Bunium Persicum ◽  
The World ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Exploration Mission ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Boiss. Fedtsch.) is one of the most important spice crop in the world. A set of two hundred fifty two (252) diverse kala zeera germplasm accessions were collected during an exploration mission from hot-spot regions /hills dividing two neighboring countries (India-Pakistan) on line of control (LOC) and hills near line of actual control (LAC) with China. The crop grows wild in its natural habitat mainly in Gurez valley, Tulail, Kashtiwar, Keran, Machil Tangdhar, Machil, Drass, Paddar, Khrew, Char-e-Sharief, Pang, Lahaul spiti, Shaung, Bharmour and Almora hills of Indian Western Himalayas. The germplasm collected has been characterized for morpho-agronomic traits and the analysis of trait data revealed significant variability in number of branches plant-1, number of umbelets umbel-1, number of seeds plant-1, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. The collection and characterization of 252 Kala zeera germplasm accessions can prove useful in future Kala zeera improvement programs in the world as this is first such comprehensive report of the crop from Western Himalayan region of India.

Filobasidiella bacillispora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Joo Kwon-Chung
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
The World

Abstract A description is provided for Filobasidiella bacillispora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Unlike F. neoformans, F. bacillispora has been recorded only rarely from bird droppings and the natural habitat of this species is not known (RMVM 13, 480). Naturally-acquired infections have been recorded only in man and cat. DISEASE: Cryptococcosis (see CMI Description No. 649). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cryptococcosis due to F. bacillispora is frequent in Southern California, but rare in other parts of the world.

A “mille-feuilles” of stress tolerance in the desert plant Zygophyllum dumosum Boiss.: Highlighting epigenetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Grafi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
The World

Plants thriving in harsh desert environments provide a suitable bio-system for unraveling novel mechanisms for survival under seasonal climate change and combination of temperature extremes, low water and nutrient availability and high salinity and radiation levels. The study of the desert plant Zygophyllum dumosum Boiss in its the natural habitat of the Negev desert revealed that stress tolerance is achieved by a plethora of mechanisms (e.g. morphological, molecular and developmental mechanisms), which are probably regulated by multiple genes that act together to bring about tolerance. Of particular interest is the finding that Z. dumosum like other Zygophyllaceae species, most of which inhabit dry and semidry regions of the world, do not possess the repressive epigenetic markers of histone H3 di- and tri-methylated at lysine 9; yet they possess mono methyl H3K9. We discuss the adaptive value of lessening epigenetic constraints with regard to the opportunistic behavior that makes plants most adaptable to change.

Incentives for marine conservation: options for small island developing states

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Niesten ◽  
Heidi Gjertsen ◽  
Patrick S. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Alternative Livelihoods ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
Conservation Interventions

AbstractConservation practitioners are increasingly turning to incentive-based approaches to encourage local resource users to change behaviors that impact on biodiversity and natural habitat. Three such approaches are buyouts, conservation agreements and alternative livelihoods. We assess the design and performance of these types of marine conservation interventions through an analysis of 27 case studies from around the world. Here we focus on cases that are particularly relevant to designing incentives for Small Island Developing States. Many more opportunities exist for interventions that combine the strengths of these approaches, such as through performance-based agreements that provide funds for education or alternative livelihood development.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Consumer Satisfaction of Kentucky Fried Chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
Rudresh Pandey ◽  
K.S. Rao ◽  
Cha Ching Er ◽  
Daisy Mui Hung Kee ◽  
Wan Jun Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World

The purpose of this study is to examine consumer satisfaction towards Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation (KFC). This paper is presenting what are the factors influencing consumer satisfaction. KFC is known as one of the most popular fast-food chains around the world. The findings indicate that the services and products of KFC give a big impact on consumer satisfaction and thus most of the consumers are satisfied with the current services and KFC products.

scholarly journals Relationships of diversity and evenness in adaptation strategies of the effect of protective coloration of animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Bespalov ◽  
Sergei Zuev ◽  
Petr Stepanovich Kabalyants
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Protective Coloration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adaptive Role

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the diversity and uniformity of the protective coloration of animals. The protective coloration of animals is the result of the formation of adaptation strategies. The aim of this study is to identify the colorimetric parameters that characterize the adaptive properties of the protective coloration of animals in relation to their natural habitat. The relevance of this study is related to the importance of the tasks of remote collection of information about various biological species; in particular, animals that carry dangerous infections. This is all the more important in light of the current epidemic problems facing humanity. The revealed colorimetric characteristics can be used to describe digital images and their further recognition. They can be classifying features in machine learning algorithms. We give an example of digital image processing of a duck (Anas platyrhynchos). The analysis of the distribution of the found colorimetric parameter makes it possible to identify the image segments corresponding to the Anas platyrhynchos. The results thus obtained are also of interest from the point of view of the problem of the adaptive role of the diversity of biological systems in relation to the problem of the mechanisms of functioning of the protective coloration of animals.

scholarly journals Bee Representations in Human Art and Culture through the Ages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
Kit S. Prendergast ◽  
Jair E. Garcia ◽  
Scarlett R. Howard ◽  
Zong-Xin Ren ◽  
Stuart J. McFarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Art Appreciation ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
The World ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The field of bioaesthetics seeks to understand how modern humans may have first developed art appreciation and is informed by considering a broad range of fields including painting, sculpture, music and the built environment. In recent times there has been a diverse range of art and communication media representing bees, and such work is often linked to growing concerns about potential bee declines due to a variety of factors including natural habitat fragmentation, climate change, and pesticide use in agriculture. We take a broad view of human art representations of bees to ask if the current interest in artistic representations of bees is evidenced throughout history, and in different regions of the world prior to globalisation. We observe from the earliest records of human representations in cave art over 8,000 years old through to ancient Egyptian carvings of bees and hieroglyphics, that humans have had a long-term relationship with bees especially due to the benefits of honey, wax, and crop pollination. The relationship between humans and bees frequently links to religious and spiritual representations in different parts of the world from Australia to Europe, South America and Asia. Art mediums have frequently included the visual and musical, thus showing evidence of being deeply rooted in how different people around the world perceive and relate to bees in nature through creative practice. In modern times, artistic representations extend to installation arts, mixed-media, and the moving image. Through the examination of the diverse inclusion of bees in human culture and art, we show that there are links between the functional benefits of associating with bees, including sourcing sweet-tasting nutritious food that could have acted, we suggest, to condition positive responses in the brain, leading to the development of an aesthetic appreciation of work representing bees.

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