Are Status of Women and Contraceptive Prevalence Correlated in Pakistan?

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1057-1073
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Status Of Women

Pakistan with an estimated population of around 142.5 million in mid 2001 is the seventh most populous country in the world and fourth in Asia and Pacific countries. The historical trends indicate a continuously increasing growth in population (Table 1). The population of the area now constituting Pakistan was 16.6 million in 1901. Since then the population has increased over eight-fold. Annual growth rates have risen from 1 percent in the first three decades of the century to around 2 percent in the next three decades and after peaking at little over 3 percent in the 1960s, has started showing a declining trend. Currently it is estimated that Pakistan’s population is growing at around 2.1 percent, still a very high rate of annual growth in population. Major contributing factor to the fast growth in population of Pakistan has been high fertility which has remained high for a very long period. It is evident that nearly 100 million population has been added to the population of Pakistan since 1961, that is, during the last four decades. Such rapid growth in population has several adverse implications for the socio-economic development of the country which has been offsetting the gains in social and economic development.

Fertility and Family Planning in Africa

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Subsaharan Africa ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Sub Saharan

As the result of recent demographic research, we now have a reasonable basis for estimating rates of birth, death, and population growth in subSaharan Africa. These findings suggest that fertility is higher, and mortality lower, than had previously been assumed. This combination of high fertility and declining mortality implies a high rate of population growth. The compatibility of such a growth rate with existing plans for social and economic development is doubtful. This article examines the findings and issues, and seeks to determine the feasibility of population control in sub-Saharan Africa.

Russian Federalism at the Critical Stage of Development

2008 ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bukhvald
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Municipal Reform ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Course

Transformations in the sphere of federal relations concern the most important directions of the reforming processes in the country. However, not all proposed and actually developing components of the federal reform seem well-argued and corresponding to long-term, strategic interests of the Russian statehood. The basic course of reform should meet the objective requirements of further decentralization of governing economic and social processes and the need to ensure strengthening the responsibility of RF subjects’ executive bodies and local self-management for steady social and economic development of their territories. The solution of these problems calls for a new model of federal policy of regional development, specification of some important components of the municipal reform as well as inserting certain amendments into the system of intergovernmental fiscal relations in order to stir up their stimulating function.

Waiting for a New Model of Growth: Russia’s Social and Economic Development in 2013

2014 ◽  
pp. 4-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
New Model ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Economic Risks

The paper deals with Russian social and economic development in 2013 and prospects for the next year or two. The author discusses the logic and trends of the global crisis started in 2008. This is the basis for further analysis of current Russian economic performance with special emphasis on the problem of growth rates deceleration. Special attention is paid to economic risks and priorities of economic policy.

Structural Alternatives of Russia’s Social and Economic Development

2008 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Afontsev ◽  
S. Plaksin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The article contains a general comparative study of four strategies of social and economic development: "Inertia", "Renter", "Mobilization", and "Modernization". The context for comparison is explanation of correlation between adaptive features of Russia’s contemporary economic system and particularities of the mentioned strategies with corresponding ways of managing economic development problems. The comparison is based on description of strategies essence, ways and tools to achieve results. Perspectives of achieving strategic purposes as well as expected results of implementation of each strategy are shown. Special comparative study of four strategies on the base of development of competitive markets as one of strategic aims of the Russian government is presented.

SYSTEMIC CAUSES OF THE APPEARANCE OF “COBRA EFFECT” IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
M. S. Mokiy ◽  
E. K. Borzenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
The Right ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Least Energy

The article on the basis of extrapolation of system laws of management of social and economic development illustrates the system reason of the Cobra effect, that is, a situation where, despite the rather attractive goals that managers formulate, the result of the activities of subordinates is opposite to what was intended. The main problem of management is the development of a system of indicators, in which, working on the indicator, employees would change the state in the right direction. The reason for the Cobra effect is the manifestation of systemic patterns of socio-economic development. The main system regularity is the desire of the system for stability and self-preservation. This state of the system is achieved using the least energy-consuming way. It is shown that any worker, realizing system regularities, aspires to stability and self-preservation. Therefore, the employee is always forced to work for achieving the indicator. The article analyzes the manifestation of these laws at the level of enterprises and state. When managers understand these patterns explicitly or covertly, changes in the economic system are moving in the right direction. It is shown that the existing system of target indicators used as indicators to assess the effectiveness of management does not meet the goals and objectives of socio-economic development. At the meso- and macrolevel, absolute, volumetric indicators, such as gross national product and others, reduce the range of benefits to the population. The article defines the vector of change in the system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of management at the regional and state levels, based on the fact that the key element is the family. At the same time, the targets should be indicators to assess the availability of benefits for households.

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