Urban Rejected Water Reuse in Agriculture for Irrigation in Major Cities of India: A Synoptic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivarajappa , ◽  
L. Surinaidu ◽  
Mohd. Hussain ◽  
K. Aruna Kumari ◽  
M.J. Nandan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scope

Indiscriminate and rapid urbanization without sufficient infrastructure to manage huge domestic sewage (urban rejected water) generated by urban centers posing serious threats to different ecosystems in many places across the world. On the other hand, the downstream of urban centers facing an acute shortage of water for irrigation. In recent years reuse of urban waste water is being increased in many countries including India irrespective of adverse impacts on other ecosystems. The present study has provided a synoptic review on urban rejected water reuse for irrigation in the major cities of India with a special focus on banks of the Musi river basin in South India where huge wastewater irrigation is being practiced in the world in comparison with global waste water irrigation practices. In all the cases major contaminants namely fecal coliform, nitrates, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) are found in water and with increased soil and groundwater salinity on long term use. The review indicated that there a large scope to intensify the irrigation with proper treatment of wastewater. The study also suggested to understand the impacts of rejected water reuse impact on soilwater-food chain and also emphasizes the need for the establishment of sufficient ETPs to minimize the adverse impacts and also to protect hydroagro ecosystems.

scholarly journals 50 Years of Real Convergence – Without Extractives Dependency and Tax Havens

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-516
Author(s):  
Róbert Csoma
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tax Havens ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Real Convergence ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
The World

In the world economy real convergence cannot be detected in the long term and lack of convergence is discussed in this article. The analysis is based on results and debates of economic growth theory and development studies. Special focus is placed on extractives dependent and tax haven countries and the article concludes that these countries considerably contribute to the partial real convergence process, limited only to some regions of the world economy. This paper also studies some common criteria of the catching-up process of emerging countries to developed economies. It concludes that although the factors of catching-up can be very unique in countries at different levels of development, yet there are some factors without which catching-up is hardly feasible nowadays in any country.

scholarly journals Possibilities and limitations of territorial cooperation among Serbian and European towns

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Branka Tosic ◽  
Zora Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
The World ◽  
Economical Development ◽  
Culture Education

This paper deals with the significant European aims of the process of intra-continental integration, as well as the role of the urban centers in its transregional cooperation. Although the process of transborder cooperation of towns exists also in other parts of the world, the roots of that complex form of cooperation appeared rather early in Western Europe. The area of Central Europe, especially the politically unstable southeastern part of the continent, are considerably late in this process. Serbia, especially its western and southern parts, is even more late in transborder regional cooperation of towns. The paper emphasizes that towns of Serbia, as development carriers with their intellectual potentials, have to express the ideas on starting the international actions. The possibilities are extensive: activation of neglected cooperation relations, improvement of technological and economical development, modernization of infrastructural systems, cooperation in culture, education, sports and recreation, environmental protection, etc. Towns need to find the ways for all kinds of cooperation with surrounding towns, if such cooperation gives the results which are favourable for both parties. Isolation from the world courses would lead to long-term stagnation.

scholarly journals Long-term Digital Preservation in E-government — a Case of Slovenia

Organizacija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Dečman
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication

Long-term Digital Preservation in E-government — a Case of SloveniaThe use of information and communication technology and its widespread presence cause a vast amount of data to be created in the public and private sectors every day. The widespread presence of e-government sites, services and communication in the developed world add even more data. This digital data does not only represent the accountability and reliability of the processes, steps and decisions taken by organisations, but also a source of information for future generations. This paper discusses the issue of long-term digital preservation with a special focus on long-term digital preservation in public administration. It analyses problematic issues, current development trends in this area, and principles and solutions that can be found around the world. The paper focuses on Slovenia as one of the EU countries that has most effectively developed its e-government during the last decade. It analyses the situation in Slovenia through legal, organisational and other changes that have appeared over the last few years, and considers this as a model for possible long-term digital preservation. To describe the situation for digital preservation in Slovenian public administration, the results of empirical research made in 2007 are used. The paper uses theoretical background from the field of digital preservation and empirical results to show the important link between e-business, e-government, e-governance and digital preservation. It demonstrates that since Slovenian public administration has strictly specified business processes, the task of implementing digital preservation is much easier. The same concepts can be transferred to the private sector in Slovenia or anywhere else in the world.

scholarly journals Freight Flows in the Baltic Seaports of Russia: Factors, Trends and Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-185
Author(s):  
Irina Boyko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

The volatility of the exogenous conjuncture has been increasingly affecting the Russian Baltic sea ports economics in terms of freight flows dynamics, destinations and commodity items share. The methodological distinction between the notion of ‘freight turnover’ and ‘freight flow’ is given for specification of the port activity, measured in qualitative indicators, consistent with the supply chain peculiarity on the contrary of the quantitative indicators, measured in tons. The classification of the factors, affecting the freight flows is represented as well. The freight turnover at the Russian Baltic ports has been gradually dropping. The unfavorable political conditions as well the world economy and trade downturns are not the only main reasons. The research is focused on the dynamics and structure of the freight flows at the Russian Baltic sea ports under the impact of political, ecological and economic factors, when the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the main ‘bottlenecks’ of their current economics and entails the global supply chain disruption. The ongoing global economic crisis results in the world trade squeezing, causes trade conflicts and increase the cases when trade became unfair practice in the political deals. The author of the article makes a special focus on the raw resource freight turnover specialization of the Russian sea ports as one of the most critical characteristics. In a time of growing risks and uncertainty large scale investments with the long term return into development of port facilities and port construction should be thoroughly analyzed. The author concludes that the freight redirection from the European sea ports to the Russian sea ports, located on Baltic Sea, will have positive, however, short-term, effect. The long term sustainability of the Russian Baltic sea ports will be determined by the reduction of the raw resources dependence and diversification of the freight flows, which also means increasing the share of cabotage and containerized cargo

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Coal's Persistence in the Capitalist World-Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Gellert ◽  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

Predominant analyses of energy offer insufficient theoretical and political-economic insight into the persistence of coal and other fossil fuels. The dominant narrative of coal powering the Industrial Revolution, and Great Britain's world dominance in the nineteenth century giving way to a U.S.- and oil-dominated twentieth century, is marred by teleological assumptions. The key assumption that a complete energy “transition” will occur leads some to conceive of a renewable-energy-dominated twenty-first century led by China. After critiquing the teleological assumptions of modernization, ecological modernization, energetics, and even world-systems analysis of energy “transition,” this paper offers a world-systems perspective on the “raw” materialism of coal. Examining the material characteristics of coal and the unequal structure of the world-economy, the paper uses long-term data from governmental and private sources to reveal the lack of transition as new sources of energy are added. The increases in coal consumption in China and India as they have ascended in the capitalist world-economy have more than offset the leveling-off and decline in some core nations. A true global peak and decline (let alone full substitution) in energy generally and coal specifically has never happened. The future need not repeat the past, but technical, policy, and movement approaches will not get far without addressing the structural imperatives of capitalist growth and the uneven power structures and processes of long-term change of the world-system.

Covid-19 and Mining industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kondratiev
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Commodity Demand ◽  
Long Term Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the commodity markets and mining industry around the world in different ways. Mining company’s operations have been hit by coronavirus outbreaks and government-mandated production stops. Demand for many commodities remains low. This paper examines the potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future commodity demand, mining prospects, as well as tactical and strategic steps by mining companies to overcome the current crisis quickly and effectively.

Unmaking and Remaking the World in Long-Term Solitary Confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lisa Guenther
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Civil Death

In The Body in Pain, Elaine Scarry analyzes the structure of torture as an unmaking of the world in which the tools that ought to support a person’s embodied capacities are used as weapons to break them down. The Security Housing Unit (SHU) of California’s Pelican Bay State Prison functions as a weaponized architecture of torture in precisely this sense; but in recent years, prisoners in the Pelican Bay Short Corridor have re-purposed this weaponized architecture as a tool for remaking the world through collective resistance. This resistance took the form of a hunger strike in which prisoners exposed themselves to the possibility of biological death in order to contest the social and civil death of solitary confinement. By collectively refusing food, and by articulating the meaning and motivation of this refusal in articles, interviews, artwork, and legal documents, prisoners reclaimed and expanded their perceptual, cognitive, and expressive capacities for world-making, even in a space of systematic torture.

Engineering for good: A case of community driven engineering innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinweike Eseonu ◽  
Martin A Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Engineering Curriculum ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Consideration

There is a culture of disengagement from social consideration in engineering disciplines. This means that first year engineering students, who arrive planning to change the world through engineering, lose this passion as they progress through the engineering curriculum. The community driven technology innovation and investment program described in this paper is an attempt to reverse this trend by fusing community engagement with the normal engineering design process. This approach differs from existing project or trip based approaches – outreach – because the focus is on local communities with which the university team forms a long-term partnership through weekly in-person meetings and community driven problem statements – engagement.

The Long-term Use of Short-term Debt around the World

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Chen ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Yizhong Wang ◽  
Bohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
The World
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