scholarly journals Chemical sensor based on a solid-core photonic crystal fiber interferometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
Rawaa K. Zarzoor
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Pump Light ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Volatile Organic

Photonic crystal fiber interferometers are used in many sensing applications. In this work, an in-reflection photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on Mach-Zehnder (micro-holes collapsing) (MZ) interferometer, which exhibits high sensitivity to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), without the needing of any permeable material. The interferometer is robust, compact, and consists of a stub photonic crystal fiber of large-mode area, photonic crystal fiber spliced to standard single mode fiber (SMF) (corning-28), this splicing occurs with optimized splice loss 0.19 dB In the splice regions the voids of the holey fiber are completely collapsed, which allows the excitation and recombination of core and cladding modes. The device reflection spectrum exhibits a sinusoidal interference pattern which shifts differently when the voids of the PCF are infiltrated with VOC molecules. The volume of voids responsible for the shift is less than 5microliters whereas the detectable levels are in the nanomole range. Laser diode with a wavelength 1550nm has been used as a pump light source. Two types of chemical liquids used (N-Hexane, and Propanol). The detection limits of our device associated with the maximum shifts of the wavelength is 4.4 nm for N-Hexane vapor when the length of the head sensor 20mm. In this work, the maximum sensitivity obtained of volatile organic compounds is 15420 nm/mol at the vapor of N-Hexane.

scholarly journals Refractive index sensor based on a solid-core photonic crystal fiber interferometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (34) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Nawras Ali Salman
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Pump Light ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Sensing Applications

Photonic crystal fiber interferometers are widely used for sensing applications. In this work, solid core-Photonic crystal fiber based on Mach-Zehnder modal interferometer for sensing refractive index was presented. The general structure of sensor applied by splicing short lengths of PCF in both sides with conventional single mode fiber (SMF-28). To apply modal interferometer theory; collapsing technique based on fusion splicing used to excite higher order modes (LP01 and LP11). Laser diode (1550 nm) has been used as a pump light source. Where a high sensitive optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) was used to monitor and record the transmitted. The experimental work shows that the interference spectrum of Photonic crystal fiber interferometer exhibits good sensitivity to refractive index variations. The response of the PCFI is observed for a range of refractive index values from (1.33 to 1.38), the position of the interference peaks is found to be shifted to longer wavelength with refractive index increasing. A different length of PCFs (2, 3, 4) cm were used, and the maximum refractive index sensitivity of (7.5 pm / RIU) is achieved with a PCF length of 4 cm. This refractive index sensor has distinguished properties as that it small size, high sensitivity, fast response time, design flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive Sensors Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber Modal Interferometers

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Villatoro ◽  
Vittoria Finazzi ◽  
Gonçal Badenes ◽  
Valerio Pruneri
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Highly Sensitive Sensors

We review the research on photonic crystal fiber modal interferometers with emphasis placed on the characteristics that make them attractive for different sensing applications. The fabrication of such interferometers is carried out with different post-processing techniques such as grating inscription, tapering or cleaving, and splicing. In general photonic crystal fiber interferometers exhibit low thermal sensitivity while their applications range from sensing strain or temperature to refractive index and volatile organic compounds.

Quasi-Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Spectroscopic Chemical Sensor in the Terahertz Spectrum: Design and Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 9948-9954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Kumar Paul ◽  
Kawsar Ahmed ◽  
Dhasarathan Vigneswaran ◽  
Fahad Ahmed ◽  
Subrata Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Terahertz Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Design

scholarly journals Efficient Photonic Crystal Fiber Design for Higher OAM Modes with Low Loss Towards Next Generation THz Communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhatsu Kuiri ◽  
Bubai Dutta ◽  
Nilanjana Sarkar ◽  
Saikat Santra ◽  
Paulomi Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Design ◽  
Effective Mode Area ◽  
Mode Purity ◽  
Mode Area

Abstract A newer and efficient solid core with air holes and ring based circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) design is proposed, developed, and studied. The C-PCF structure with a ring core and three layers of air holes is developed to communicate terahertz frequency of the range of 1 THz to 3 THz. Finite element method (FEM) is used to optimize the position, shape and dimensions of air holes and refractive index (RI) of material for the proposed PCF design and check the efficiency to support different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes for communication. Our novel designed C-PCF supports multiple stable modes with mode purity above 0.9. Confinement loss is in the range of 10-12 dB/cm, highest effective mode area in the order of 1 mm2 is achieved in the investigated study for 3 THz transmission. The study observes that the performance of PCF is strongly dependent on RI of core and cladding.

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