The epistemological essence of the production process as a design object

Ergodesign ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Leonid Chervyakov ◽  
Islam Aleksandrov ◽  
Natalia Bychkova

Aim of the work. The main aim of the analysis is to search for approaches to building an exhaustive epistemological model of the production process as a set of connections to be disclosed and implemented in the automated production, which is a complex anthropotechnical cyberphysical system. Research methods. Digitalization of production inherently involves the solution of three major tasks: digitalizing communications, forming digital models of various objects, developing digital “tools” for decision support. Solving these tasks requires understanding of the deep essence and laws of such a complex system as a production process. This allows looking at the production process as a single interconnected structure (system) of its elements, where ignoring them often leads to a significant decrease in the quality of the design and technological decisions taken and, as a consequence, unjustified costs of various types of resources or non-fulfilment of the set requirements for the manufactured products (item). The interdependence of the objects of the production process allows speaking about the production process connections. Research results and novelty. To ensure the quality of the design and technological decisions taken during the production process digitalization, the former is represented as a system of links that have an “elementary” level of generalization in form and the maximum level of generalization in content. This allows representing the production process as a meaningful set of transition functions to be implemented. Findings. For the purposes of analyzing and building digital production, as a most complex anthropotechnical cyber-physical system, it is advisable to represent the production process in the form of a system of connections, while it should be considered that: 1. The manufactured product in the general case is a combination of three types of relations: dimensional, substantial and economic. 2. To ensure the item connections, a production process must be implemented, which in the general case represents a system of five types of connections: dimensional, informational, temporary, substantial and economic ones. 3. The interdependence of the links between the item and the production process is revealed through the transition functions, which are heterogeneous and indefinite. In addition, when creating a production process and automating it, designers have to face two major challenges: the choice of relations and their organization. Both are fraught with great engineering difficulties. 4. Representing the production process and the finished product in the category of connections is an important epistemological aspect of modelling and understanding the process itself, which allows highlighting and concentrating efforts on its important and essential aspects. At the early stages of design all this already helps to reduce possible errors arising from an incomplete and / or inappropriate representation of the nature and features of this process and, as a consequence, is a certain guarantee of achieving the gradual goal while reducing the necessary costs.

Author(s):  
N.A. Jurk ◽  

The article presents scientific research in the field of statistical controllability of the food production process using the example of bakery products for a certain time interval using statistical methods of quality management. During quality control of finished products, defects in bakery products were identified, while the initial data were recorded in the developed form of a checklist for registering defects. It has been established that the most common defect is packaging leakage. For the subsequent statistical assessment of the stability of the production process and further analysis of the causes of the identified defect, a Shewhart control chart (p-card by an alternative feature) was used, which allows you to control the quality of manufactured products by the number of defects detected. Analyzing the control chart, it was concluded that studied process is conditionally stable, and the emerging defects are random. At the last stage of the research, the Ishikawa causal diagram was used, developed using the 6M mnemonic technique, in order to identify the most significant causes that affect the occurrence of the considered defect in bakery products. A more detailed study will allow the enterprise to produce food products that meet the established requirements.


2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Nicał

AbstractOver the recent years, there is a growing interest in concrete prefabrication. Many of the currently operating concrete plants have implemented systems that increase the quality of manufactured products, have expanded highly automated production lines and have clearly reduced wastes and energy consumption. However, one of the problems often encountered in the construction industry is the inefficient organization of logistics processes. Proper shipments planning of aggregates consisting of the selection of their appropriate quantity and the aggregate stock, corresponding to the needs of concrete plants should contribute to lowering costs. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the optimization, the aim of which is to minimize costs, as well as to maximize the fulfillment of the degree of expected needs of concrete plants. This paper presents a model that allows purchase strategy optimization of aggregates with different grain size fraction. For research purposes, three separate aggregate stocks and five different concrete plants are considered.


Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grinberg

In two parts of the article, more than 70 errors and violations of the Biotechnics of artificial breeding of Pacific salmon in salmon hatcheries are collected and summarized, which lead to an immediate or delayed deterioration of the quality of reared fry and a decrease in their survival rate. Deviations from the biological basis of fish farming are shown and possible consequences of such errors or violations are predicted. In the first part of the article (#7,2020) there were General errors (throughout the entire fish-breeding process), as well as violations of Biotechnics during the work with producers, collecting eggs and preparing them for incubation, in the second part-violations of Biotechnics during the incubation of eggs, holding pre-larvae, rearing and release of young. Their correction, prevention or minimization of consequences will significantly improve the quality of sexual products and offspring from producers, increase the linear and weight gain of juveniles during rearing, improve the coefficient of feed payment, reduce the time of rearing, improve the epizootic situation by developing immunity in fry and mobilizing other protective reactions of their body, significantly reduce waste at all stages of the production process, increasing survival by 10–15%. In conclusion, it is noted that the first and most important condition for an efficient salmon hatchery is the creation of optimal environmental conditions at each stage of the production process. The second condition is strict compliance with the Biotechnics of artificial salmon breeding and the complex of veterinary and sanitary, fish-breeding and meliorative and therapeutic and preventive measures. The third is the availability of competent specialists who regularly improve their skills in accredited Universities to implement, control and manage the first two conditions.


The neural network models series used in the development of an aggregated digital twin of equipment as a cyber-physical system are presented. The twins of machining accuracy, chip formation and tool wear are examined in detail. On their basis, systems for stabilization of the chip formation process during cutting and diagnose of the cutting too wear are developed. Keywords cyberphysical system; neural network model of equipment; big data, digital twin of the chip formation; digital twin of the tool wear; digital twin of nanostructured coating choice


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Marescotti ◽  
Eugenio Demartini ◽  
Michael Gibbert ◽  
Roberto Viganò ◽  
Anna Gaviglio

The growing body of literature concerning the hunted wild game meat (HWGM) supply chain is mainly focused on the final consumer, while little is known about upstream production processes. Even though the hunter plays a central role here, it is not well understood how hunters themselves perceive their role in the various phases of the production process. The present study explores Italian hunters’ perception of the HWGM supply chain and compares it to their perception towards the conventional farmed meat supply chain. We distinguish several phases of this production process and find that the final phase related to on-site game dressing is considered problematic, perhaps because hunters perceive themselves as less skilled than professional butchers. The results, in fact, show that hunters prefer hunted products over farmed meat, but that they consider hunted wild boar meat less safe compared to farmed pork. Findings from this study provide a rare glimpse from the inside of the supply chain and reveals the needs for a broad risk assessment analysis on the Italian game meat supply chain. Considering the development of the Italian emerging market of the HWGM, our results also highlight the relevance of training activities on hunters in order to increase the safety and quality of the final product.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3936
Author(s):  
Svetlana I. Bakholdina ◽  
Anna M. Stenkova ◽  
Evgenia P. Bystritskaya ◽  
Evgeniy V. Sidorin ◽  
Natalya Yu. Kim ◽  
...  

The effect of cultivation temperatures (37, 26, and 18 °C) on the conformational quality of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis phospholipase A1 (PldA) in inclusion bodies (IBs) was studied using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a folding reporter. GFP was fused to the C-terminus of PldA to form the PldA-GFP chimeric protein. It was found that the maximum level of fluorescence and expression of the chimeric protein is observed in cells grown at 18 °C, while at 37 °C no formation of fluorescently active forms of PldA-GFP occurs. The size, stability in denaturant solutions, and enzymatic and biological activity of PldA-GFP IBs expressed at 18 °C, as well as the secondary structure and arrangement of protein molecules inside the IBs, were studied. Solubilization of the chimeric protein from IBs in urea and SDS is accompanied by its denaturation. The obtained data show the structural heterogeneity of PldA-GFP IBs. It can be assumed that compactly packed, properly folded, proteolytic resistant, and structurally less organized, susceptible to proteolysis polypeptides can coexist in PldA-GFP IBs. The use of GFP as a fusion partner improves the conformational quality of PldA, but negatively affects its enzymatic activity. The PldA-GFP IBs are not toxic to eukaryotic cells and have the property to penetrate neuroblastoma cells. Data presented in the work show that the GFP-marker can be useful not only as target protein folding indicator, but also as a tool for studying the molecular organization of IBs, their morphology, and localization in E. coli, as well as for visualization of IBs interactions with eukaryotic cells.


2014 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.F. Torosyan ◽  
E.S. Torosyan

Industrial transition to a totally new level of resources and energy saving necessitates improving the technical level of building materials manufacturing, growing their raw materials base, the assortment, enhancing the quality of manufactured products, cutting their cost price. It requires, first of all, carrying out more detailed research in properties of clay and clay loams, and selecting optimal additives for pottery works. Such disadvantages of clays as burning sensitivity, low compression resistance and flexural strength in a burnt state, low frost resistance cause the impossibility of their application without corrective additives. It is quite difficult to find an additive which can solve all the technological problems mentioned above. This paper provides the development of mixture "clay – electro-melting slag" for ceramic brick, moreover, addition of a steel-smelting slag in the fusion mixture results in the change in mixing water content of ceramic masses, strength and coloration of ceramic samples.


2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Na Pang ◽  
Zhao-Jie Li ◽  
Jing-Yu Chen ◽  
Li-Juan Gao ◽  
Bei-Zhong Han

ABSTRACT Standards and regulations related to spirit drinks have been established by different countries and international organizations to ensure the safety and quality of spirits. Here, we introduce the principles of food safety and quality standards for alcoholic beverages and then compare the key indicators used in the distinct standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the European Union, the People's Republic of China, the United States, Canada, and Australia. We also discuss in detail the “maximum level” of the following main contaminants of spirit drinks: methanol, higher alcohols, ethyl carbamate, hydrocyanic acid, heavy metals, mycotoxins, phthalates, and aldehydes. Furthermore, the control measures used for potential hazards are introduced. Harmonization of the current requirements based on comprehensive scope analysis and the risk assessment approach will enhance both the trade and quality of distilled spirits. This review article provides valuable information that will enable producers, traders, governments, and researchers to increase their knowledge of spirit drink safety requirements, control measures, and research trends.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1863 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
N H D Asmara ◽  
Wibawati ◽  
M Ahsan ◽  
M Mashuri ◽  
H Khusna

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 5435-5440
Author(s):  
VLADIMIRA SCHINDLEROVA ◽  
◽  
IVANA SAJDLEROVA ◽  

Maintenance is a complex, extensive and important issue in terms of its impact on the quality of manufactured products or services provided in all areas of industry. The importance of predictive maintenance for the industry in the 21st century is crucial. However, the right approach to maintenance management is often underestimated in many companies today, although it can have a very positive effect on the company’s efficiency. Using the example of a practical application, the paper includes a comparison of three main maintenance concepts – classical (reactive), planned, predictive through the simulation software Witness. Maintenance concepts are compared in terms of their ability to solve and eliminate failures that occur in production facilities during operation.


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