scholarly journals The ASEAN WITHOUT A CUSTOMS UNION OR A SINGLE MARKET CONSEQUENCES OF THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY BLUEPRINT 2025

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-127
Author(s):  
Moh Firstananto Jerusalem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community

Abstract In the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint 2015 the term “single market” was used as a goal of economic community. Theoretically, single market is a level of economic integration after customs union. Under that blueprint, customs union could have a chance to be established as a necessary prerequisite for single market. However, the new blueprint 2025 does not adopt single market concept anymore. Different terms have been introduced namely “integrated and cohesive economy” and “unified market”. This article aims at assessing economic integration concept adopted in the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint by utilizing content analysis. It will review the change of concept by employing economic integration theory in order to indicate the direction of economic community goal. The finding is that the change of terms reflects the change of concept. As a result, ASEAN Economic Community will have a different direction in pursuing economic integration. Therefore, under the new blueprint ASEAN will not proceed to customs union and single market. However, it will remain at free trade area level of economic integration. In addition, ASEAN will not be a close trade block but tend to be an open regionalism in relation to non-ASEAN countries or regions. Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community, Customs Union, Single Market, Economic Integration, Open Regionalism.

scholarly journals Indonesia dan Persaingan di Era Asean Economic Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Maujana Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community

Abstract This paper focusing on looking at Indonesia's readiness to deal with the Era of the Economic Community in ASEAN with the urgency that Indonesia's preparations should have a systemic impact on Indonesia's economic growth. The socialization that has been carried out continues and continues to be inflated by every child of the nation so as not to lose compete and be swallowed by the existence of regional countries that really use ASEAN Economic Community as a positive and constructive economic opportunity for each ASEAN member country officially. ASEAN Economic Community is one form of Free Trade Area (FTA) and located in Southeast Asia .ASEAN Economic Community which is formed with a mission to make the economy in ASEAN to be better and able to compete with countries whose economy is more advanced than the condition of ASEAN countries currently. The realization of ASEAN Economic Community, can make ASEAN a more strategic position in the international arena. Researchers expect that with the realization of the ASEAN economic community can open the eyes of all parties, resulting in an inter-sectoral dialogue that will also complement each other among the stakeholders of the economic sector in ASEAN countries and this is very inherent formally. Keywords: Competition, Free Trade Area, Opportunity, Challenge

scholarly journals KONSISTENSI HUKUM WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) MENGENAI PRINSIP MOST FAVORED NATION (MFN) ATAS REGIONALISME DAN PANDANGANNYA TERHADAP ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Cahya Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
General Obligation ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
The Moment

In 2015, Indonesia and other ASEAN members have a commitment to establish a single market region, i.e. free flow of goods and service, termed ASEAN Economic Community (hereinafter ‘AEC’). This arrangement is contrary to Most Favored Nation (MFN) principle under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, (hereinafter ‘GATT’). This paper aims to address the said violation according to the WTO/GATT law by analyzing (1) the general obligations and exceptions under the WTO/GATT, (2) regionalism in general and its existence in Southeast Asia, and (3) the interpretation of WTO’s compromise to regionalism. Under the GATT, there is a general obligation for members to treat their trading partners equally and give the same benefits to other members. However, there is an exception to this principle under article XXIV of the GATT, which based on the notion that regional trade agreements are a building block for multilateral openness. Yet, before applying this exception to the case at hand, AEC’s form must be determined. AEC’ has a structure of Free-Trade Area (hereinafter ‘FTA’) with a single market adhere to it, which according to WTO’s database there is one in force at the moment, namely ASEAN Free Trade Area (hereinafter ‘AFTA’). AFTA is not the equivalent to AEC because it covers more than just goods. Thus, the answer to apply the exception to AEC is inconclusive because even though it fits normatively, it does not have the necessary legitimacy.

scholarly journals THE AWAKENING OF INVESTMENT CREATION: A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Indriana Oktavia ◽  
Kiki Verico
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

Abstrak ASEAN membentuk integrasi ekonomi, seperti ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), AFTA+1, dan ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), untuk meningkatkan perdagangan intra dan investasi antarnegara ASEAN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti dampak integrasi ekonomi ASEAN terhadap ASEAN FDI (AFDI) dan perdagangan intra ASEAN (AIT). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sepuluh negara ASEAN dan enam negara mitra selama periode 2001-2017 dan di estimasi dengan menggunakan Generalized Least-Square (GLS). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan CEPT-AFTA ASEAN6 tidak dapat meningkatkan AIT dan AFDI. Dampak positif CEPT-AFTA pada AFDI dan AIT hanya terjadi pada tahun 2015, meskipun dampak pada AIT tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa AFTA+ dapat meningkatkan AIT dan AFDI antara negara-negara ASEAN+6. AEC memiliki dampak positif pada AFDI dan dampak negatif pada AIT. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa jika dengan kerangka ASEAN+ menyebabkan investment creation di kawasan ASEAN+6. Untuk memperkuat perdagangan dan investasi, maka pemerintah perlu memperkuat kerja sama melalui Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Kata Kunci: ASEAN, FDI, AFTA, Perdagangan Intra, AEC   Abstract ASEAN created several economic integrations, such as the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), AFTA+1, and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), to increase intra-trade and investment between ASEAN countries. This study aimed to examine the impact of ASEAN economic integration to ASEAN FDI (AFDI) and ASEAN Intra-Trade (AIT). The data consists of ten ASEAN countries and six partner countries from 2001 to 2017. It was estimated using the Generalized Least-Square (GLS). Estimation results showed that CEPT-AFTA ASEAN6 could not increase AIT and AFDI. The positive impact of CEPT-AFTA on AFDI and AIT occurred in 2015, with insignificance on AIT. The study also indicated that AFTA+ could increase AIT and AFDI between ASEAN+6 countries. Contrarily, AEC provided a positive impact on AFDI and an insignificant negative impact on AIT. The study concluded that the ASEAN+ framework causes investment creation in ASEAN and partner countries. The government needs to strengthen cooperation through Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to escalate FDI and trade.   Keywords: ASEAN, FDI, AFTA, Intra-Trade, AEC JEL Classification: F13, F14, F15

Asean and EC-1992

1990 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Jacques Pelkmans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Internal Instability ◽  
Growth Constraints ◽  
Asean Countries

ASEAN, the Association of South East Asian Nations, comprises the fastest growing countries of the world economy. Apart from including the only NIE (newly industrialising economy), not having encountered domestic political or social growth constraints—Singapore, with 11 per cent real growth in 1988, 9.2 per cent in 1989 and 10 per cent, first quarter 1990—it consists of recent record holder Thailand (with growth rates above 10 per cent for three years), Malaysia (growth in the 7 per cent—9 per cent range), Indonesia (recent growth 6–7 per cent), Philippines (oscillating growth due to internal instability) and Brunei (an oil-exporting sultanate). The ASEAN countries do not owe their growth to the integration of ASEAN countries into a free trade area, a customs union or a common market. Intra-group trade liberalisation and economic cooperation are still modest. These growth marvels owe their performance to exports, especially to the OECD countries. The quality and very high growth rates of exports were and still are fostered by foreign investment and imports of intermediate inputs from the target markets.

A PARTIAL ASEAN CUSTOMS UNION POST 2015?

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 593-617
Author(s):  
SANCHITA BASU DAS ◽  
RAHUL SEN ◽  
SADHANA SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Applied General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Modeling ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
General Equilibrium Modeling

This paper explores the feasibility of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) moving forward to the next step of economic integration, i.e., towards an ASEAN Customs Union (ACU) post-2015. Effectively, the way to progress towards an ACU is by forming it among ASEAN-9 members with Singapore maintaining its existing zero tariffs against non-members, thereby creating a Partial ACU. Using applied general equilibrium modeling exercise based on GTAP, the findings suggest that there are potential net positive welfare gains to be collectively reaped by ASEAN if it moves from an AFTA to a partial ACU post-2015. However, not all ASEAN members will individually gain from such an ACU and members may need to devise a feasible mechanism wherein some member country welfare losses in an ACU can be compensated by the members who gain. The paper argues that in spite of political economy challenges due to ASEAN’s unique characteristics and diversity in the levels of economic development among members, such a Partial ACU could be considered by ASEAN leaders due to its strategic imperatives.

scholarly journals Build Indonesia through ASEAN Economic Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Yunita Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community

As the interdependent global economy increased, ASEAN responded with the creation of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The AEC is expected to become the ASEAN arena of learning regional economic integration before entering the global integration. Indonesia, as the largest country in the region, should be a natural leader. However, the level of investment in Indonesia was lost to Singapore and several other ASEAN countries, thus Indonesia should see the potential of the AEC and maximize it to benefit the strengthening of Indonesia's strength. This research aimed to explain the AEC background, the potentials and challenges of the AEC, the AEC 2015 and 2025 comparisons. Using qualitative methods with inductive logical thinking, and constructivism as the analysis framework, the result shows that AEC 2025 is believed to be the integration of the regional economy with a dynamic and sustainable process. Thus, Indonesia can strengthen its position in AEC 2025, using a constructivism approach to reform Indonesian identity into the structure.

scholarly journals KONFLIK YURISDIKSI DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL DALAM RANGKA PASAR TUNGGAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Rahmi Jened
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
Asean Economic Community

AbstractIt is invisioned that ASEAN Single Market is to realize in 2015.ASEAN Single Market is what expected from the formation of ASEAN Economic community ( AEC). The basic principle of AEC is free movement of goods, services, personnel and capital. This is inherent with the objective of economic integration that is a fair competition. In relation to single market, there are trans boundary activities. It is highly possibility that international disputes over IP arise. Disputes that involve different countries with law of each their own and the need determination of choice of law /choice of forum or jurisdiction. This paper aims to discuss IP related conflict jurisdiction in the era of economic integration specifcally single market ASEANIntisariPada akhir 2015 diharapkan terwujud pasar tunggal ASEAN sebagai esensi perwujudan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (ASEAN Economic Community). Prinsip utama dalam rangka Economic Community adalah free movement of goods, services, skilled labours and capital. Prinsip ini inheren dengan tujuan utama integrasi ekonomi yakni persaingan sehat (fair competition). Persoalan HKI tidak hanya terbatas dalam suatu wilayah negara tertentu. Untuk itu perlu dianalisis masalah jurisdiksi pengadilan. Artikel ini akan membahas masalah konflik yurisdiksi dan penegakan HKI dalam rangka integrasi ekonomi dan pasar tunggal ASEAN.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Kazakhstan-Russia-Belarus Customs Union on Turkey’s Exports and on Turkish Investors in Kazakhstan

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Barak ◽  
Murat Doğanay
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Set Up

The customs union is a model of economic integration which is composed of free trade area among the participant countries with a common external tariff. The participant countries generally set up common external trade policy. Main establishing purposes of customs union are increasing economic efficiency, improving the global competitiveness and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. This paper analyses the concept and effects of customs union, the agreement of Bel EurAsEC Customs Union and how this agreements effects Turkish investors in Kazakhstan and export of Turkey. In this contex, a survey is implemented to Turkish companies executives, according to the survey results, it is trying to reveal whether the Bel EurAsEC Customs Union have any effects on Turkey export. Also, in this paper, the effects of Bel EurAsEC Customs Union on Turkish investors which operates in Kazakhstan, investment attitude, behavior and decisions are being explored.

ASEAN electronics industry competition will grow

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Industry Competition ◽  
Electronics Workers ◽  
Asean Economic Community

Subject Electronics and ICT investment outlook in ASEAN states. Significance South-east Asia is removing foreign investment barriers in most electronics industries, attempting to capitalise on closer economic ties with China and digitalisation of services. Changes in supply chains are drawing investment to cheaper production bases, including Vietnam and the Philippines, forcing established manufacturers Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand to compete with China for high-end markets. This trend will intensify ahead of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) free trade area, which will be implemented in late 2015. Impacts Investment markets will be liberalised under the ASEAN Economic Community. Trade liberalisation will require expanded South-east Asian supply chains, and boost electronics industry links with China. ASEAN governments will address skills gaps to provide electronics workers as the industry grows.

Expanding ASEAN sea trade could see piracy flare

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Area ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
And Training

Subject Maritime piracy in South-east Asia. Significance Shippers are likely to expand seaborne trade from 2016 following the initiation of the ASEAN Economic Community free trade area at the end of last year, which envisions more integrated and liberalised shipping. However, shippers are threatened by growing regional piracy on the high seas and maritime robbery in territorial waters. Impacts Shipping firms will need to make provision for crew security and training, and may require larger insurance subscriptions. Improved intra-ASEAN intelligence-sharing and judicial cooperation would help to counter piracy. Land-based measures such as building forensic capacity and public education (as Malaysia and others are doing) would be helpful.

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