scholarly journals Grateful Expectations: Cultural Differences in the Curvilinear Association between Age and Gratitude

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Chopik ◽  
Rebekka Weidmann ◽  
Jeewon Oh ◽  
Mariah Purol
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Curvilinear Effect

Recent research suggests that the association between age and gratitude might be curvilinear—despite gratitude ostensibly being higher in middle-age, it might be lower in older adulthood. It is unclear if this curvilinear pattern of age differences in gratitude is found in other samples and whether its manifestation depends on contextual (i.e., national/cultural) characteristics. The current study examined cultural variation in the curvilinear effect of age on gratitude in a sample of over 4.5 million participants from 88 countries. Participants from countries with lower levels of human development, a shorter-term orientation, and higher levels of indulgence reported higher levels of gratitude. Cultural moderation effects were very small, suggesting that curvilinear effects of age on gratitude may be relatively comparable across cultures.

scholarly journals Grateful expectations: Cultural differences in the curvilinear association between age and gratitude

2022 ◽  
pp. 026540752110543
Author(s):  
William J. Chopik ◽  
Rebekka Weidmann ◽  
Jeewon Oh ◽  
Mariah F. Purol
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Curvilinear Effect

Recent research suggests that the association between age and gratitude might be curvilinear—despite gratitude ostensibly being higher in middle-age, it might be lower in older adulthood. It is unclear if this curvilinear pattern of age differences in gratitude is found in other samples and whether its manifestation depends on contextual (i.e., national/cultural) characteristics. The current study examined cultural variation in the curvilinear effect of age on gratitude in a sample of over 4.5 million participants from 88 countries. Participants from countries with lower levels of human development, a shorter-term orientation, and higher levels of indulgence reported higher levels of gratitude. Cultural moderation effects were very small, suggesting that curvilinear effects of age on gratitude may be relatively comparable across cultures.

Know Thyself: Insight Moderates the Relationship between Goal-Concordant Motivation and Positive Emotions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kirk ◽  
Danielle Oetjen
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
The Relationship

Motivation is a fundamental component of human development. Psychologists have examined the link between motivation and emotion for decades. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to focus on potential moderation effects of private self-consciousness on the relationship between goal-concordant motivation and subjective well-being. We surveyed 433 participants between the ages of 18-89. Findings extend previous research showing age differences in goal concordance (specifically, introjected motivation) and that goal concordance predicts all aspects of subjective well-being. Novel findings demonstrate that private self-consciousness (specifically, insight) successfully moderated the association between goal-concordant motivation and positive emotions.

scholarly journals Know Thyself: Insight Moderates the Relationship between Goal-Concordant Motivation and Positive Emotions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kirk ◽  
Danielle Oetjen
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
The Relationship

Motivation is a fundamental component of human development. Psychologists have examined the link between motivation and emotion for decades. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to focus on potential moderation effects of private self-consciousness on the relationship between goal-concordant motivation and subjective well-being. We surveyed 433 participants between the ages of 18-89. Findings extend previous research showing age differences in goal concordance (specifically, introjected motivation) and that goal concordance predicts all aspects of subjective well-being. Novel findings demonstrate that private self-consciousness (specifically, insight) successfully moderated the association between goal-concordant motivation and positive emotions.

Age differences in broader autism phenotype traits from young adulthood to older adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Chopik ◽  
Jeewon Oh ◽  
Amy K. Nuttall ◽  
Katharine N. Thakkar ◽  
Brooke Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Autism Phenotype

Connections Between Cultures: Using Empirical Distributions for Measuring Cultural Differences

2020 ◽  
pp. 002202212098237
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Messner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

The past few decades have seen an explosion in the interest in cultural differences and their impact on many aspects of business management. A noticeable feature of most academic studies and practitioner approaches is the predominant use of national boundaries and group-level averages as delimiters and proxies for culture. However, this largely ignores the significance that intra-country differences and cross-country similarities can have for identifying psychological phenomena. This article argues for the importance of considering intra-cultural variation for establishing connections between two different cultures. It uses empirical distributions of cultural values that occur naturally within a country, thereby making intracultural differences interpretable and actionable. For measuring cross-country differences, the Gini/Weitzman overlapping index and the Kullback-Leibler divergence coefficient are used as difference measures between two distributions. The properties of these measures in comparison to traditional group-level mean-based distance measures are analyzed, and implications for cross-cultural and international business research are discussed.

scholarly journals Treatment of Subsyndromal Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Age and Older Patients With Schizophrenia: Effect of Age on Response

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kasckow ◽  
Ian Fellows ◽  
Shahrokh Golshan ◽  
Ellen Solorzano ◽  
Thomas Meeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Effect Of Age

Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Is There an Entrepreneurial Characteristic Similarity to Western Entrepreneur?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-157
Author(s):  
Thomas Bradley ◽  
Paul Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
History Of

This empirical study consists of two parts. The first part of the study examines the cultural characteristics and dimensions of entrepreneurs and factory workers in transition economies during the early transition period to determine if their cultural values were similar to those found in other nations. The second part of the study compares the differences in Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores between entrepreneurs and workers in market economies. It might seem extraordinary that after more than 70 years of a centralized nonentrepreneurial society that all of the communist nations that the current authors studied had essentially the same cultural differences among entrepreneurs that were found in capitalist nations with a long history of entrepreneurial activity.

Developing a Research Method to Analyze Visual Literacy Based on Cross-Cultural Characteristics

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Felicidad García-Sánchez ◽  
José Gómez-Isla ◽  
Roberto Therón ◽  
Juan Cruz-Benito ◽  
José Carlos Sánchez-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Visual Literacy ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Literacy Research

This chapter presents a new approach of a quantitative analysis used to research the understanding of visual literacy issues. The objective of the research is to find common patterns, opinions, and behaviors between different people regarding the use of visual communication and people's state of visual literacy, while also considering the possible cultural differences related. To explain visual literacy and its implications, the theoretical background about the visual literacy research field is presented first. Then, also within the section on background, the chapter presents the main concepts related to culture, and how it and visual literacy can be analyzed together to enable cross-cultural analysis. To conduct these cross-cultural analyses, this chapter proposes a new kind of quantitative questionnaire-based instrument that includes a section to measure the cultural characteristics of the individual and their level of literacy. This instrument proposal is the main result, since the research field of visual literacy lacks this kind of quantitative approach.

Dimensions of Cultural Variation

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Measurement Bias ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do So

To understand cultural differences, we need to find ways to characterize the variations in the social contexts in which people are located. To do so, we must focus on differences between contexts rather than differences between individuals. Most research of this type has examined differences between nations in terms of dimensions. Treating each nation as a unit, contrasts have been identified in terms of values, beliefs, self-descriptions, and social norms. The most influential difference identified concerned the dimension of individualism–collectivism, which has provided the theoretical framework for numerous studies. The validity of this type of investigation rests on close attention to aspects of measurement to ensure that respondents are able to make the necessary judgments and to respond in ways that are not affected by measurement bias. Where many nations are sampled, multilevel modeling can be used to show the ways in which dimensions of culture affect social behaviors.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Variations in Extreme Rejecting and Extreme Affirming Response Styles

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieyuan Guo ◽  
Roy Spina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Previous research has discussed cultural differences in moderacy vs extremity response styles. The present research found that cultural differences in response styles were more complex than previously speculated. We investigated cross-cultural variations in extreme rejecting versus affirming response biases. Although research has indicated that overall Chinese have less extreme responses than Westerners, the difference may be mainly driven by extreme rejecting responses because respondents consider answering survey questions as a way of interacting with researchers, and extreme rejecting responses may disrupt harmony in relationships, which is valued more in Chinese collectivistic culture than in Western individualistic cultures. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that Chinese had less extreme rejecting response style than did British, whereas they did not differ in extreme affirming response style. Study 2 further revealed that the cross-cultural asymmetry in extreme rejecting versus affirming response styles was partially accounted for by individualism orientation at the individual level. Consistently, Study 3 revealed that at the country level, individualism was positively associated with extreme rejecting response style, but was not associated with extreme affirming response style, suggesting that individualism accounted for the asymmetric cultural variation in extreme rejecting versus affirming response styles.

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